201 research outputs found
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Study of Serum Ferritin and Glycated Hemoglobin in Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus
No full textBackground: Type 2 diabetes mellitus is a common metabolic disorder of multiple etiologies. Increased levels of serum ferritin have been indicated to be associated with the etiology of the diabetic process, as well as in pathogenesis of various diabetic complications. The study aims to understand the relationship between the serum ferritin and glycated hemoglobin in type 2 diabetes mellitus. Subjects and Methods: The study was conducted at Medical College Hospital and Research Centre. A total of hundred cases of type 2 diabetes mellitus of the age group 30 – 70 years were taken for the study after satisfying the inclusion and exclusion criteria. Hundred healthy volunteers in the age group 30 – 70 years, sex matched during the same period was included in the study under the control group. Results: Serum ferritin level was significantly high in cases compared to controls. There was moderate correlation between serum ferritin and glycated hemoglobin. There was significant increase in serum ferritin levels in type 2 diabetics compared to the controls. There was a moderate correlation between serum ferritin and glycated hemoglobin. Conclusion: This study explores the possibility of finding serum ferritin as a marker to explain the oxidative stress process in type 2 diabetes mellitus. This valuable information would be helpful in proper medical intervention. 
Clinical Profile of Patients with Rickettsial Infection: Descriptive Study
No full textBackground: Rickettsiae along with their public health implications. They have addressed the co-circulation of differentspecies and genotypes of rickettsiae within the same endemic areas and how these observations may influence, correctly or incorrectly, the trends and conclusions drawn from the surveillance of rickettsial diseases in humans. Subjects and Methods: A total of 60 subjects, satisfying the inclusion and exclusion criteria were included in the final analysis. The sample size was calculated assuming the expected proportion of rickettsial infection as 11% among fever cases as per previously published studies, with a precision of 8% and 95% confidence level. Results: Among people with a tick bite, 3 (12.5%) people had 80 overall Weil-Felix titre. The number of people with 160, 320 and 640 overall Weil Felix titre was 4 (16.66%), 10 (41.66%) and 7 (29.16%) respectively in people with a tick bite. Among people without tick bite higher proportion of people had 80 and 160 titre. None of them had 640 titre. Statistical significant could not be tested due to zero number of subjects in one of the cells. Conclusion: Among people with pain abdomen 11 (23.91%) people had 80 Overall Weil-Felix titre. The number of people with 160, 320 and 640 Overall Weil Felix titre was 15 (32.60%), 13 (28.26%) and 7 (15.21%) respectively in people with pain abdomen. Among people without pain abdomen higher proportion of people had 80 and 160 titres. None of them had 320 and 640 titres. Statistical significant could not be tested due to zero number of subjects in one of the cells. 
A Study on Megaloblastic Anaemia and Pancytopenia
No full textBackground: Megaloblastic Anaemia and pancytopenia are common medical problems, Vitamin B12and folic acid deficiencies are common causes for megaloblastic Anaemia. Pancytopenia is a condition where bone marrow becomes hypo plastic fails to produce mature blood cells, causes include myelodysplasia leukemia’s, drugs and ionizing radiation and always associated with decreased reticulocyte count. Megaloblastic Anaemia is commonly due to dietary deficiency and pregnancy. Aim: To study about megaloblastic Anaemia& pancytopenia.
Subjects and Methods: In our study we have examined 120 Anaemia patients for 1 year.out of these 120 patients most of than are having Iron deficiency Anaemia 32 patients are having megaloblastic Anaemia and 26 patients are having pancytopenia. after complete history taking and clinical exmination we have send the blood samples for investigations. Results: Total no. of megaloblastic Anaemia were 32 patients Males 18, Females 14 and the total no. of pancytopenia patients were 26 out of these 26, 15 were Males and 11 were Females common age group is 20 years and 40 years, The clinical features are fatigue, shortness of breath, parenthesis’s, Fever, Splenomegaly pallar are present in most of the cases. Conclusion: megaloblastic Anaemia and pancytopenia are common medical problems in India, especially rural areas, they should be suspected is pregnant woman with prolonged fever, Anaemia& bleeding tendencies and lympledinopathy. 
Electro Cardiogram and Its Normal Variations in Healthy Adults
No full textBackground: Electro cardiogram is used to assess cardiac, rhythm and conduction and provides information about chamber size also. The Electrical activity is initiated in SA node and then to AV node and then to bundle of HIS and from that through the purkhji system spread to myocardium. Electrocardiogram is the best non-invasive investigation in diagnosing acute myocardial infarction and arrhythmias like atrial fibrillation and ventricular tachycardia. Electrolyte abnormalities like hypokalaemia and hyperkalaemia may also be detected with electrocardiogram. Aim: To study the normal variations QRS duration, ST, T changes and other rate and rhythm abnormalities, which can occur in healthy individuals. Subjects and Methods: We have examined 280 healthy adults , among those 280 ,120 were females and 160 were males. The age group is between 20 and 60 years. ECG’S were taken after Careful history and clinical examination to rule out any heart diseases like coronary heart diseases, rheumatic heart diseases and hypertensive heart diseases. Drug history was also recorded especially regarding B blockers and Calcium channel Blockers. Results: Out of 280, females were 120 and males were 160 the age group is between 20 and 60 years. The heart rate is between 56 and 104. Normal sinus rhythm is observed in 146. The increased heart rate is seen in young adults ,T↓ are very common. Conclusion: Electro cardiogram is a best investigation in diagnosing acute myocardial infarction and certain arrhythmias. Even though normal variations are common it is very much useful in detecting certain conditions like silent Myocardial infarction which is very common in diabetic patients and old age Individuals. 
Analysis of Cardiac Profile in Patients with Liver Cirrhosis: An Observational Study
No full textBackground: Cirrhosis is defined as the histological development of regenerative nodules surrounded by fibrous bands in response to chronic liver injury that leads to portal hypertension and end stage liver disease.Studies suggested that underlying cardiac dysfunction precedes the development of Hepato-renal syndrome. hence; under the light of above mentioned data, we planned the present study to assess the cardiac profile in patients with liver cirrhosis. Subjects and Methods: A total of 30 liver cirrhosis patients were included in the present study. Routine haematological profile of all the patients was carried was assessed. Transthoracic 2 D echo with Doppler was done in all patients and parameters (Left atrial enlargement, Left ventricular diastolic dysfunction) were assessed. Liver disease was staged according to Child-Pugh’s score. All the results were compiled and analyzed by SPSS software. Results: Significant results were obtained while correlating the patients with left atrial enlargement and severity of liver cirrhosis. Also, significant results were obtained while correlating the patients with diastolic dysfunction and severity of liver cirrhosis. Conclusion: Cardiac parameters are directly correlated with the severity of the disease in liver cirrhosis patients.  
Clinical Profile of TB Patients on DOTS at a Tertiary Care Hospital
No full text
Background: Tuberculosis was considered to be among the top ten causes of global mortality and morbidity. The highest incidence of TB was found in developing countries. Estimates suggest that 32% of the world‟s population was infected with TB. In India, it was seen that TB kills more adults than any other infectious disease. 20% global burden of TB was in India. Subjects and Methods: Before initiating anti tuberculosis treatment a detailed clinical assessment which included history and clinical examination was done. Hematological investigations like HIV test is done as per ICTC along with HBsAg. Hematological investigations included hemoglobin, WBC count, differential count, platelet count, prothrombin time and ESR. Biochemical investigations included total bilirubin, direct bilirubin, AST, ALT, alkaline phosphatase, random blood sugar, blood urea, s.creatinine and uric acid. Results: Out of the 50 patients studied, 70 % patients were sputum positive and 30 % were sputum negative. This is probably because majority of the patients studied were pulmonary tuberculosis. Conclusion: Adverse drug reaction was seen in 29 patients (58 %). One or more types of ADR was seen in these patients. 
Prevalence of Mineral Bone Disorders in Chronic Kidney Disease Patients
No full textBackground: Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is a progressive loss in renal function which involves in deterioration in mineral homeostasis with disruption of normal serum and tissue concentration of phosphorus and calcium. Also changes in circulating levels of hormones parathyroid hormone (PTH), calcitriol (1,25(OH)2 D), and fibroblast growth factor-23 (FGF-23). Here our aim is to study the prevalence of markers associated with MBD in CKD stage 3-5 patients. Patients with CKD stage 3-5 were included in this observational study with all necessary parameter. X-RAY abdomen and echocardiography was done to look for evidence of vascular and valvular calcification respectively. Statistical analysis was done using SPSS software. A total of 170 patients (128 males, 42 females) (M:F = 3:1) were included in this study with a mean age of 50.54 years. Among CKD stages 3 to 5, the prevalence of hypocalcemia was 22.2%, 33.3% & 48.9%, hyperphosphatemia was 11.1%, 25.5% & 63%, hyperparathyroidism was 48.1%, 67.3% & 89.1%, high total alkaline phosphatase was 0%, 5.9% & 45.7% , low 25-OH-vit D was 59.2%, 70.6% & 79.4% respectively. Low 25 (OH) D levels, hyperparathyroidism, and hyperphosphatemia were the noticeable markers of CKD-MBD in our patients. Mineral bone disorder are common in CKD patients which start in early CKD stages & worsen with disease progression that causes morbidity and decreased quality of life. 
Assessment of the Prevalence, Severity, Risk Factors of Anemia Among 2-12 Years of Aged Children Attending a Hospital in Western Uttar Pradesh Region
No full textBackground: This study was done to create awareness among people about the problems of Anemia and health care providers in further management. The aim of this study was to assess the prevalence, severity, risk factors of anemia among 2-12 years of aged children attending a hospital. Subjects and Methods: Blood and stool samples were collected from the patient. Among those children with hemoglobin <11 g/dl, were screened for iron deficiency anemia (serum ferritin estimation is done). Among these 500 children, 100 children with a hemoglobin level of 11gm/dl and serum ferritin <12 μg/l were taken up for detailed study. Results: A total of 138 males 62.7% were having hemoglobin less than 11.4 gm. /dl indicating anemia. total 230 female children about 66.5% were detected with anemia, 73 (31.73%) children had Hemoglobin levels less than 8 gm. /dl indicating severe anemia and about 49 (21.30%) children had moderate anemia and 31 (13.47%) had mild anemia and only 77 (33.47%) were having their hemoglobin concentration of greater than 11.5 gm. /dl were classified as non-anemic. Conclusion: Anemia was slightly more prevalent in girls of the same age group as compared to boys. 
Study of Lipid Profile in Newly Detected Adult Hypertensive Patients
No full textBackground: Hypertension is a leading cause of mortality and morbidity worldwide which doubles the risk of cardiovascular diseases. Hypertension and dyslipidemia are major modifiable risk factors associated with an increasing risk of cardiovascular disease. Aims & Objective: To study the different components of lipid profile in newly detected adult hypertensive patients and to compare the lipid profile changes among newly detected adult hypertensive patients with normotensive patients in a tertiary care hospital .Subjects and Methods: The study was done in the department of General medicine in Hassan institute of medical sciences, Hassan, Karnataka a tertiary care hospital. Patients were selected randomly from outpatient and in patients departments after taking consent and fulfilling the inclusion and exclusion criteria. Two hundred and fifteen age and sex matched patients were enrolled for the study and they were divided into two groups based on blood pressure. Group A - study group (109) newly detected hypertension patients and Group B –control group (106) comprising normotensive patients. Both the groups fasting lipid profile was studied and compared. Results: Total 215 patients were included in the study, of which 109 patients were in group A (study group) comprising newly detected hypertension patients and 106 patients were in group B(control) comprising of normotensive patients. The mean SBP (systolic blood pressure) was 159.4 mm of Hg in Group A whereas it was 113.2 in Group B, the mean DBP (diastolic blood pressure) was 99.4mm of Hg in Hypertensive patients (Group A), and it was 73.1 in normotensive patients (Group B). Serum levels of cholesterol, triglyceride and LDL were 194.2, 152.2 and 122.2 mg/dl respectively in hypertensive patients, whereas in normotensive patients they were 146.4, 110.2 and 102.6 mg/dl respectively which were higher in hypertensive patients. Whereas serum HDL was almost the same in both the groups. Conclusion: Newly detected adult hypertensive patients are dyslipidemic as compared to normotensive patients, so proper blood pressure control and monitoring of lipid profile at regular intervals helps in preventing major complications such as cardiovascular diseases and cerebrovascular accidents. 
Management and Outcome of AKI in Patients with Cirrhosis
No full textBackground: The increased propensity for AKI in patients with cirrhosis stems from hemodynamic abnormalities typical of patients with cirrhosis and ascites15 which is due to development of portal hypertension and portosystemic collaterals with splanchnic and systemic vasodilatation , resulting in decrease in effective arterial blood volume with increase in renin angiotensin- aldosterone system (RAAS), sympathetic nervous system, and non osmotic release of antidiuretic hormone causing sodium retention, increased intravascular volume, and a hyperdynamic circulatory state16 complemented with increased production of nitric oxide which is considered the main cause of vasodilatation in cirrhosis. Subjects and Methods: All participating patients of either gender admitted in department of Gastroenterology at Tertiary care hospital with age >18 years with either diagnosed or newly diagnosed case of cirrhosis of liver( including both compensated & decompensated cases ) admitted with acute kidney injury diagnosed according to International Club of Ascites Classification were enrolled in this study. Results: Among 26 patients requiring hemodialysis , 10 ( 38.5 %) of patients recovered from hemodialysis whereas 16 ( 61.5 %) of patients didn’t recovered from hemodialysis & either died on hemodialysis or was discharged on hemodialysis which needs to be continued. Conclusion: Totally 25.5 % of patients expired during course of treatment in hospital whereas 74.5 % were survived the hospital stay.