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A Comparative Study of Lipid Profile in Chronic Renal Failure Patients on Dialysis
No full textBackground: Chronic renal failure (CRF) is characterized by irreversible destruction of nephrons along with decrease glomerular filtration and suppressed urine. Disturbance of lipid profile in CRF has been found associated with increased triglycerides (TG) and low high density lipids while normal level of total cholesterol (TC) and low density lipids (LDL). Dislipidemia in CRF patients induces cardiovascular diseases (CVD); in addition, CVD in turn leads to more rapid destruction of kidney. Therefore the present study was designed to evaluate the lipid profile in CRF patients with and without dialysis. Subjects and Methods: This was a prospective type of study conducted in the department of medicine of a tertiary care centre. Total 100 patients of CRF patients and 40 normal control subjects were recruited for the study. CRF patients were divided into two groups. Group I consisted CRF patients with dialysis and group II included CRF patients without dialysis. Normal subjects were kept under group III control group. Results: Results of the present study revealed that there was a significant difference between TG, HDL and VLDL of group I (p>0.01) and group II (p>0.01) in comparison of group III. Nevertheless, there was no significant difference between the TC and LDL of all groups. Conclusion: CRF patients either with dialysis or without dialysis have a great possibility of developing dyslipidemia as well as CVD. Dialysis has been found effective in reducing nitrogenous waste products in blood; however, it is not able to decrease lipid profile in CRF patients.  
Effect of Ice Pack Application on Post-Extraction Pain and Swelling: A Ran domized Clinical Study
No full textBackground: Post-extraction pain and facial swelling are common complications following dental extraction and can adversely affect patient comfort. Cryotherapy using ice pack application is a simple, economical, and non-invasive method used to reduce postoperative inflammation; however, its clinical effectiveness needs further evaluation.
Aim: To evaluate the effect of ice pack application on postoperative pain and facial swelling following dental extraction. Materials and Methods: This randomized clinical study included 30 patients requiring routine dental extraction. The patients were randomly allocated into two groups with 15 patients in each group. Group I (Ice Pack Group) received extraoral ice pack application intermittently for 20 minutes during the first postoperative hour, while Group II (Control Group) received standard postoperative care without ice pack application. Postoperative pain was assessed using the Visual Analog Scale (VAS) at 6, 12, and 24 hours, and facial swelling was evaluated using standardized facial measurements at 24 and 48 hours post extraction. Statistical analysis was performed with the level of significance set at p < 0.05.
Results: Group I demonstrated significantly lower mean pain scores and reduced facial swelling at all postoperative evaluation intervals compared to Group II (p < 0.05). The reduction in pain and swelling was more pronounced during the first 24 hours following extraction.
Conclusion: Extraoral ice pack application is an effective adjunct in reducing postoperative pain and facial swelling following dental extraction. Its routine use can enhance patient comfort and postoperative recovery
Pneumonia Severity Assessment: CURB-65 versus PSI in Predicting Admission Need and Mortality — A Prospective Comparative Study
No full textBackground: Community-acquired pneumonia (CAP) remains a leading cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide. Accurate severity assessment is crucial for determining appropriate disposition and treatment intensity. The CURB-65 and Pneumonia Severity Index (PSI) are widely utilized scoring systems, yet their comparative performance in diverse clinical settings continues to be debated.
Methods: A prospective cohort study was conducted at two teaching hospitals over 24 months, enrolling 634 adult patients with confirmed CAP. Both CURB-65 and PSI scores were calculated at presentation. Primary outcomes included requirement for hospital admission and 30-day all-cause mortality. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis and comparative statistics were performed.
Results: The mean age was 62.7 ± 18.4 years, with 56.8% male patients. Hospital admission was required in 412 patients (65.0%), and 30-day mortality occurred in 58 patients (9.1%). For mortality prediction, PSI demonstrated an AUC of 0.842 (95% CI: 0.798– 0.886) compared to 0.814 (95% CI: 0.766–0.862) for CURB-65 (p=0.089). For predicting admission need, PSI showed superior discrimination (AUC 0.812 vs. 0.758, p=0.012). PSI risk class IV-V had 87.9% sensitivity and 72.4% specificity for mortality, while CURB-65 ≥3 showed 79.3% sensitivity and 78.6% specificity. Conclusion: Both scoring systems demonstrate good predictive accuracy for mortality in CAP patients. PSI shows superior performance for determining admission need, while CURB-65 offers comparable mortality prediction with greater simplicity. Clinical context should guide score selection
Intraoral Vascular Malformation of Right Cheek: A Case Report
No full textThis is a case report of an adult untreated vascular malformation of the cheek,involving the masseter muscle, which underwent recent enlargement. Afterconsideration of different treatment options, intraoral excision of the malformation was done including intramuscular dissection. There was no recurrence on short term follow up
Case Study on Ayurvedic and Panchkarma Intervention for Chronic Kidney Disease in an Elderly Patient
Get PDFChronic Kidney Disease (CKD) is a progressive disorder affecting kidney structure and function, often complicated by Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus (T2DM) and hypertension. Early stage CKD is frequently asymptomatic, and management can be challenging, particularly in resource-limited settings due to high costs and limited accessibility of conventional therapies. This case report presents a 67-year-old male patient with CKD, T2DM, and hypertension, treated at Jeena Sikho Lifecare Limited Hospital, Derabassi, India, using a personalized Ayurvedic regimen combined with Panchakarma therapies. Following 12 days of inpatient treatment, the patient demonstrated marked clinical improvements: drowsiness, pedal oedema, eye vision and urine got better. Vital parameters showed gradual stabilization, with body weight decreasing from 83 kg to 76 kg and blood pressure stabilizing from highs of 180/90 mmHg to 120/80 mmHg. Laboratory investigations indicated significant improvements, with hemoglobin increasing from 7.3 gm/dL to 10.0 gm/dL, urea decreasing from 280.12 mg/dL to 100 mg/dL, creatinine declining from 6.10 mg/ dL to 4.5 mg/dL, and total RBC count increasing from 2.61 Mill/Cumm to 3.54 Mill/ Cumm. Uric acid stabilized at 7.1 mg/dL. Renal function assessed by GFR improved, with global GFR from 14.2 to 19.8 ml/min. This case highlights the potential of Ayurveda as an effective, accessible, and affordable approach for managing CKD Stage IV and associated comorbidities, demonstrating improvements in symptoms, vitals, laboratory parameters, and kidney function over a short inpatient treatment period
Impact of Sesame Oil vs Chlorhexidine Mouthwash on Gingivitis: A Randomized Controlled Study
Get PDFAim: To evaluate the effectiveness of 0.2% chlorhexidine and sesame oil (SO) in Oil Pulling Therapy (OPT) for patients with gingivitis. Materials and methods: 75 participants were divided at random into group A- Scaling only, B- Scaling with prescribed SO and C- Scaling with Chlorhexidine respectively. Participants were instructed regarding the use of OPT with SO and Chlorhexidine in addition to their regular dental hygiene regimen for 30 days. Results: The mean plaque and gingival index in group B and C was reduced after 1 month compared to baseline scores. Statistically significant variance showed between group A and B and group A and C respectively. OPT decreased gingivitis and plaque after a month but group B and C did not show significant variance. Conclusion: Because oil pulling is a domestic remedy that assists in avoiding gum infections in nations with restricted resources, we need to spread knowledge of it. 
Comparative Evaluation of Pain During Local Anaesthetic Administration with Conventional and Custom Modified Syringe in Pediatric Dental Patient: A Clinical Trail
Get PDFAim: This clinical trial aimed to evaluate and compare the pain experienced during local anaesthetic administration using a conventional syringe versus a custom modified syringe designed with attractive emojis. The hypothesis was that the custom syringe would decrease anxiety and perceived pain. Materials and Methods: Thirty pediatric dental patients of age 6-8 years were randomly assigned to receive local anaesthesia with either a conventional disposable syringe or a custom modified syringe, decorated with vibrant, engaging emoji stickers. Pain levels were assessed immediately after the injection using the Wong-Baker FACES Pain Rating Scale, allowing patients to express their pain intensity through visual representation. Data were collected and analyzed to compare pain scores between the two groups. Results: The findings indicated that patients using the custom modified syringe reported significantly lower pain scores than those using the conventional syringe. The visual appeal of the custom syringe appeared to reduce anxiety, contributing to a more positive experience during the procedure. Conclusion: The incorporation of attractive emojis on syringes may serve as an effective strategy to reduce pain and anxiety associated with local anaesthetic administration. These findings suggest potential benefits for enhancing patient comfort and compliance in clinical settings. Further research is warranted to explore the long-term impact of such modifications on patient experiences in various medical procedures. 
Virtual Reality Distraction in Pediatric Dentistry: A Comprehensive Review of Its Efficacy and Applications
Get PDFThe effective delivery of dental care can often be hindered by a child’s reluctance to cooperate. It is essential to explore psychological behavior management methods that effectively reduce anxiety during dental visits while fostering a positive attitude towards dental procedures. Despite the availability of numerous behavior management techniques, the chosen approach must also be acceptable to parents. Among these techniques, distraction is one of the most commonly utilized and well-received by parents. It involves diverting children’s attention away from what they may perceive as unpleasant procedures. Recently, virtual reality distraction (VRD) has emerged as an innovative and increasingly recognized method for providing this diversion. The aim of this research is to thoroughly examine the virtual reality distraction technique
TO EVALUATE THE CARIOGENIC POTENTIAL OF NATURAL AND ARTIFICIAL MILK BEVERAGES BY STREPTOCOCCUS MUTANS BIOFILM MODEL IN PRIMARY TEETH : AN IN-VITRO STUDY
Get PDFBackground: Dental caries remains a prevalent chronic disease in children, influenced by diet, microbial activity, and oral hygiene. Milk is a widely consumed beverage with both protective and cariogenic potential, depending on its composition and sugar content. This study evaluated the cariogenic effects of natural and flavoured milk beverages on primary teeth using an in vitro Streptococcus mutans biofilm model.
Materials and Methods: Sixty caries-free primary teeth were sectioned into enamel slabs and randomly allocated into six groups: cow, buffalo, goat, strawberry-flavoured, vanilla flavoured milk, and saline control (n=10 each). Enamel slabs were inoculated with S. mutans and exposed to the respective beverages three times daily for three days. Baseline and post exposure surface microhardness were measured using the Brinell hardness test. Percentage surface hardness loss was calculated, and data were analyzed using one-way ANOVA with Tukey’s post hoc test and paired t-tests (p0.05). Natural milk types (cow, buffalo, goat) caused moderate enamel demineralization, whereas flavoured milk beverages led to significantly higher microhardness loss (
Ashmari Chikitsa: An Ayurvedic Case Study on Renal Calculi
Get PDFMutrashmari, commonly known as renal calculi or kidney stones, is a significant health concern characterized by the formation of stones in the urinary tract. Ayurveda classifies it as one of the Ashtamahagada due to its complexity and challenges in treatment. It arises from an imbalance in Vata, Pitta, and Kapha doshas and is influenced by factors such as improper diet, sedentary lifestyle, dehydration, excessive calcium intake, metabolic disorders, and genetic predisposition. Clinically, it presents with severe pain, dysuria, oliguria, hematuria, nausea, and vomiting. This case study evaluates the impact of Ayurvedic management in a 34-year-old male diagnosed with Mutrashmari at Jeena Sikho Lifecare Limited Hospital, Hyderabad, Telangana, India. Following two months of Ayurvedic treatment, a comparative USG revealed a reduction in stone size, with the right kidney calculus decreasing from 4.6 mm to 2 mm and the left kidney calculus reducing from 3.7 mm to 2.7 mm. The patient experienced significant symptomatic relief, including reduced pain and improved urine output. These findings support the efficacy of Ayurvedic interventions in renal calculus management. However, further clinical trials are required to validate these results and establish standardized treatment protocols