Malaysian Journal of Medical and Biological Research
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Effectiveness of Community Clinic in Urban Area: A Cross Sectional Study
Get PDFThe Community Clinic is great because it is an opportunity to have complimentary therapies at an affordable price. Establishment of Community Clinic (CC) in 1998 was a significant sector-wide reform in the Health Sector of Bangladesh. The sector was revitalized in 2009 with a vision to provide primary health care service to 6000 population per CC. The proposed number of Community Clinics is 18,000 of which 13,500 were constructed and to remain 4,500 established in the existing Union and Upazila level health and family planning facilities. The aim of the study was to find out the effectiveness of community clinics in selected area of Dhaka city. Among the total respondents, the majority (50%) were housewives with age of 15-24fron service receiver group .Maximum (40%) respondents got information from mass media like Television, Radio, Newspaper, then from husband. Majority of respondents on average of both clinics (80%) said that they were satisfied with the quality of service. But they have a complaint of waiting time and distance of the health center from their residence. According to the service provider, Majority has the specific training in their individual service. But some of them have no training or little training. Only a few Nogorshastho clinics provide regular delivery facilities, but majority clinic does not provide such type of service if all the services related to mother and child will available in these health centers more people will benefited.
 
The Perception of Dental Practitioners on Laboratory Management for Effective Dental Health Care Delivery: A Case Study of Some Selected Dental Laboratories in Lagos State, Nigeria
Get PDFObjective: The objective of the study was to assess the management of dental laboratory as it significantly affects effective handling of dental problems among dental patients visiting Dental Hospitals/Centres and consequently for effective dental healthcare delivery system in Lagos State as a case study.
Methodology: One hundred (100) dental professionals working in the selected twenty (20) dental hospital/centres across the study area were selected surveyed through a purposive sampling technique. The research instruments used for study were self-opinionated questionnaires and Strength, Weakness, Opportunities and Threat SWOT analysis.
Finding: The results showed that state of the laboratories need to be improved in order to meet current global standards of digital state of equipments, then management of the laboratory with the perception of the staff influence the quality of dental care services given to the patients. The SWOT analysis indicated that opportunities within the profession is the adequacy of training and professionalism, while danger of quack workers, obsolete equipment, erratic power supply to run the equipment and lack of government enabling environment are threat and weakness that affect the dental laboratory activities. The study concluded that state of dental laboratory still need more improvement with the use of modern and digital equipments, and the workers re-training are the strengths and opportunities .Therefore, there is need for workshop, conferences and to educate the professional on the latest equipment in the markets on a global level. Then, the Government should embark on infrastructural development of the existing governmental dental facilities and encourage the private ones.
 
Assessment of Multidrug Resistance Tuberclosis Treatment Outcome in St. Petre’s Tuberclosis Specialized Hospital, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
No full textThe purpose of this study is to assess the treatment outcome of MDR-TB among patients who are treated in St. Peter’s TB Specialized Hospital from January 1, 2009 to December 31, 2010. A periodic retrospective cross sectional study was conducted on MDR-TB patient who were followed up to check their treatment out come. The study was utilized quantitative method for data collection by using patient registration book from MDR-TB clinic retrospectively. Using data collecting format, cure rate, failure rate, death rate, card number, sex, address, and co-morbid illness was be collected. The association with the patient treatment outcome was assessed using SPSS version 15 for window using chi-square and odds ratio and Epi info for data entry. In this study the treatment outcome was measured by cure rate, death rate, failure rate and default rate. Base on this study that was done in St. Peter’s TB specialized hospital from January 1, 2009 to December 31, 2010 cohort study, out of 166 MDR-TB patients, the treatment completion and cure rate was 7(4.2%). Regarding to sex more female 6(7.1%) of the treated patients were cured than male 1(1.23%) from the total females and males patients respectively. While 143(83.5%) were still on treatment, 1(0.6%) patient was defaulted from treatment for more than two months and the outcome was not traced. Treatment failure was not reported in this study. This finding indicates that from the study population, no treatment failure and one treatment interruption (default) was observed. In conclusion patients in this cross sectional study were found in good follow up and DOTS program. On the other hand the cure rate 7(4.2%) of this study showed that encouraging treatment outcome was obtained from the MDR-TB treatment plan. The result that was obtained from this study showed that the majority of MDR-TB patients in this retrospective study were found still on treatment.
 
Biliary Ascaris with Obstructive Joundice in Ethiopia : A Case Report
Get PDFA 28 years old female Ethiopian (black) patient presented with epigastric pain and jaundice since a week from presentation. Laboratory examination showed ova of ascaris on stool examination and +3 bilirubin on urine analysis and elevated direct and total serum bilirubin. Ultrasound of the abdomen showed tubular long mobile worms within the gallbladder and bile ducts with intra hepatic bile ducts dilatation. With sonographic diagnosis of biliary ascaris the patient was given mebendazol and got symptomatic improvement. Follow up ultra sound after treatment showed improved abnormal findings. Detail of the case is discussed.
 
AI Fitness Checks, Maintenance and Monitoring on Systems Managing Content & Data: A Study on CMS World
Get PDFArtificial intelligence health checks, monitoring, and maintenance on system managing content in the CMS world are essential to prevent damage and avoidable expenses. To also avoid loss of time from massive downtime, AI has been employed for maintenance functions. Servers which are the houses and homes for data and content from computers, have to be maintained to allow the system to function at an optimal level. The use of AI for this maintenance involves a lot of factors. This work discusses these factors and how the various aspects work to monitor and maintain systems managing content and data. AI is programmed using health monitoring scripts which are commands executed by a particular programming language. This scripts program the AI to check and monitor servers for maintenance function. This maintenance aims to track CPU optimization and allow for the best functioning of the CPU using preventive and predictive maintenance techniques.
 
Assessment of Patient Adherence to Tuberculosis Treatment in Dessie Referral Hospital, South Wollo, Ethiopia
Get PDFBackground: Poor adherence to treatment of tuberculosis is common despite various interventions aimed at improving treatment completion. Lack of a comprehensive and holistic understanding of barriers to and facilitators of, treatment adherence is currently a major obstacle to find effective solutions.
Objective: The purpose of this study is to assess patient adherence to anti-tuberculosis treatment on DOTS regimen and factors that affect adherence.
Methods: In this study both quantitative methods was used. For the quantitative method the records of a cohort of patients were followed retrospectively to see the treatment outcome; patient registration book from January 2007 to June 2010 was reviewed.
Result: out of 1050 patients enrolled in the study 207(21.6%) of patients were non adherent and 188(90.82%) of the non-adherent patients were in the continuation phase of treatment. Patients outside 10km radius were 3.423 times non adherent than TB patients living in Dessie town and within 10km radius.
Conclusion: Patients’ decisions to stop taking medication were influenced by a number of interacting factors. Adherence to the long course of tuberculosis treatment is a complex, dynamic phenomenon with a wide range of interacting factors impacting on treatment taking behavior. The findings of this study could help inform the development of patient centered interventions and of interventions to address structural barriers to treatment adherence. It has been seen also that the non-adherence rate of this study setting is high, and the main determinant factors of treatment non adherence are address and HIV status of the patient.
 
Tuberculosis Endemic in Bangladesh
Get PDFTuberculosis (TB) has been a major public concern of Bangladesh for decades. According to the World Health Organization (WHO), Bangladesh ranks sixth among the 22 high TB-burden countries. Thus in order to improve the TB status, BRAC introduced the tuberculosis control program in 1984 in collaboration with the government. In this paper is carried out on the number of reported cases and deaths from endemic of tuberculosis. Time series analysis performed on this data reveals that tuberculosis infection has been on the rise over the years. The situation is also the same as the number of deaths. Reported cases and death cases are forecasted to carry out using appropriate and reliable method that also indicates in the two related population in this research work.
 
On-Farm Evaluation of Multipurpose Tree/Shrub Species for Sustaining Productivity in Alley Cropping
Get PDFAlley cropping is a system in which strips (alleys) of annual crops are grown between rows of trees or shrubs, resembling hedges. Alley cropping is one of promising agro forestry practice to sustain productivity in highly populated areas where landholding sizes are very small and inorganic fertilizer use is very low. This study has been carried out with the aim of evaluating the effect of selected multipurpose tree/shrub species on yield performance of Teff (EragrostisTeff) through green manure application of hedgerow planting. Four different multipurpose tree/shrub species (Sesbania sesban, Croton macrostaychus, Cacia species and Cajuns cajun) seedlings were used and planted in two rows within the space of 8m between avenue and 0.25m within avenue and the trial was designed as Randomized Complete Block Design with three replications. Leaf biomass was incorporated to the soil in early July (1-2 weeks before sowing) as green manure. At each plot 15m2 (3m x 5m) areas were laid for Teff (EragrostisTeff) grain and straw yield parameter measurements. The result shows that significantly higher grain and straw biomass yield of Teff (EragrostisTeff) were obtained through application of Sesbania sesban and Croton macrostaychus green manure as compare to Cajuns cajun and Cassia species. Leaf nutrient concentrations of N and P were found higher in Sesbania sesban than the rest of tree/shrub species. For this reason, farmers are advised to use Sesbania sesban and Croton macrostaychus species for Teff production in alley cropping agroforestry system.
 
Effect of In-situ Rainwater Conservations and Sowing Date on Barley Yield and Weed Infestation: A Case study at Maychew and Mekelle, Northern Ethiopia
Get PDFOne season experiment conducted at two sites in northern Ethiopia (Maychew and Mekelle). The objective of the research was to evaluate the effect of in-situ rainwater conservation and sowing-date on soil-water status, barley yield and infestation of weeds. The treatments include three alternative sowing-dates (ESD; NSD; and LSD) and two in-situ rainwater conservation measures (tie-ridge and soil-bund, replicated three times. Analysis of variance (ANOVA) was applied to evaluate the effect of the treatments on total biomass and rainwater use efficiency (RWUE) of the local barley. The average soil-water content in the upper 0.6 m root zone in the soil-bund and tie-ridge improved over the control treatment by 14% and 24%, respectively. The grain yield on tie-ridge was increased significantly compared to the control at Maychew site. Tie-ridge improved grain yield by 4% and 18% over the control at Mekelle and Maychew, respectively. NSD significantly improved the grain yield over LSD at both experimental sites. Neither of the sowing-dates nor the in-situ rainwater conservation measures had significantly increased the dry-matter of a barley crop. However, when NSD combined with tie-ridge, the grain yield was significantly improved compared to the LSD. There was no significant difference in weed infestation in both experimental sites due to applying in-situ rainwater conservation. But, numbers of weeds were significantly higher in ESD compared to NSD and LSD on both experimental sites. For this reason, NSD with tie-ridging technique can be used as an option to obtain higher barley grain yield.
 
Analysis of the Misconceptions about Aid and Hepatitis among the Student of Nishtar Medical College Multan: A Study of Knowledge, Aptitude, and Perspective
Get PDFIntroduction: A number of evaluations regarding awareness among people about modes of transmission, sources of transmission and vaccination against HBV, HCV, and HIV have been carried out but very few of them have specifically focused medical students. This study reflects the degree of awareness of 3rd year MBBS students on these issues and their vaccination status. It also depicts whether medical students are afraid of examining patients afflicted with these diseases or not.
Objectives of study: To determine the knowledge and aptitude of medical students about various aspects of HBV, HCV, and HIV diseases.
Data & Methodology: We used primary data in this study which is cross-sectional in study. The data was collected through a structured questionnaire. As many 130 third years students of MBBS students of Nishtar Medical College were selected as the sample of the study. The field survey method was used to collect the data. Statistical description methods such as frequency distribution, graphs, and tables were used to explain and analyze the data.
Findings and Results: Our study evidence shows that 28.4 percent students possessed complete knowledge about the modes of transmission of HBV, HCV, and HIV while 70.7 percent have incomplete knowledge whereas 0.07 percent of the students have no knowledge about these diseases. Similarly, 60 percent of the students have no fear about the examinations of the patients suffering these diseases while 40 percent were afraid about them. Regarding the availability of vaccination against HBV, HCV and HIV 80.7 percent have knowledge about HBV, 42.3 percent about HCV and 16.9 percent about HIV. Our results show that 81.5 percent sampling students were vaccinated against HBV while 19.5 percent were not. Due to lack of awareness, negligence, etc.
Conclusions: Our study concludes that majority of sampling students having full knowledge about these fatal diseases were lower than expected and it is, therefore, recommended that an awareness campaign should be launched so that students should be well-acquainted about the fatal impact of HBV, HCV, and HIV. Special seminars or workshops should be arranged to educate and train these students so that they may be able to cope with these diseases effectively after completion of their education.