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Lovejoy and Osburn’s Overpartitions
Get PDFIn 2008, Lovejoy and Osburn defined the generating function for .In 2009, Byungchan Kim defined the generating function for .This paper shows how to discuss the generating functions for and . Byungchan Kim also defined with increasing relation and overpartition congruences mod 4,8 and 64. In 2006, Berndt found the relation has two values with certain restrictions and various formulae by the common term .This paper shows how to prove the four Theorems about overpartitions modulo 8.These Theorems satisfy the arithmetic properties of the overpartition function modulo 8
Improved Understanding of k- Turbulence Model for Non-homogeneous Two-Phase Flows in Industrial Combustor
Get PDFThis paper presents development of k-e turbulence model which can be applied for non-homogeneous two-phase turbulent flows. The improvement of governing equations of k-e turbulence model is based on the decomposition of the two-phase flows into the gas phase and the second phase. Thus, the turbulent kinetic energy k and the turbulent dissipation rate e variables in k-e two-equation model are substituted by the turbulent kinetic energy kg of the gas phase, the turbulent kinetic energy kp of the second phase, the turbulent dissipation rate eg of the gas phase and the turbulent dissipation rate ep of the second phase. The new turbulence model is kg-kp-eg-ep four-equation model which can be used to solve all of two-phase flows in nature studies and engineering applications.
 
Electrical Characterization and Doping Uniformity Measurement during Crystalline Silicon Solar Cell Fabrication Using Hot Probe Method
Get PDFThe parameters of crystalline semiconductor such as types of semiconductor, uniformity of impurity concentration of doped wafer, majority charge carrier concentration, sheet resistivity of doped wafer surface play an important role in solar cell fabrication process during emitter diffusion, that is the most critical step. In this paper, we have used a low cost in house made hot probe measurement setup. A hot plate was used to heat up the wafer up to 100°C. Two k-type thermocouples were placed simultaneously in contact with the hot and cold surface of the wafer to measure the temperature in situ for both hot and cold probe. We have used two copper probes with a voltmeter connected to measure the potential difference (thermoelectric voltage) between two probes for various temperatures up to 100°C with an interval of 10°C. We have taken measurement for commercial silicon wafer (thickness 200 µm) and one side polished 4 inch diameter Si wafer (thickness 660 µm) to determine the wafer type (n-type or p-type). We also calculated thermo-power or Seebeck coefficient from the voltage vs. time curve, that is constant for particular substrate. As a process monitoring tool for solar cell fabrication process, after n-type diffusion using POCl3 on p-type silicon wafer of thickness 200 µm, we have done wafer mapping that gives us the information of doping uniformity over the whole surface of wafer both front and back side
 
Voice Search Technology: An Overview
Get PDFVoice search technology is not new. It\u27s been there since Audrey came out. But now it is increasing. People are using voice assistants, and so far 420 million voice assistants have been sold. This is growing rapidly because artificial intelligence integrated with voice search technology is more accurate and faster than text search. According to Google, its accuracy has improved to 95%. In short, it\u27s an old technology that\u27s gaining popularity with the rise of mobile phone voice assistants. In this study, the researcher has introduced different aspects and practical implications of voice search technology
Reinforcement Learning in Robotics
Get PDFReinforcement learning has been found to offer to robotics the valid tools and techniques for the redesign of valuable and sophisticated designs for robotics. There are multiple challenges related to the prime problems related to the value added in the reinforcement of the new learning. The study has found the linkages between different subjects related to science in particular. We have attempted to make and establish the links that have been found between the two research communities in order to provide a survey-related task in reinforcement learning for behavior in terms of the generation that are found in the study. Many issues have been highlighted in the robot learning process that is used in their learning as well as various key programming tools and methods. We discuss how contributions that aimed towards taming the complexity of the domain of the study and determining representations and goals of RL. There has been a particular focus that is based on the goals of reinforcement learning that can provide the value added function approaches and challenges in robotic reinforcement learning. The analysis has been conducted and has strived to demonstrate the value of reinforcement learning that has to be applied to different circumstances.
 
Temperature Dependent Thermal Properties in Single-Wall Carbon Nano Tubes Based on Phonon Scattering
Get PDFElectronic devices and integrated systems are reduced to the size of micron and nanometer level and it becomes particularly important to predict the thermal transport properties of the components. Because of a unique structure and novel properties of carbon nanotubes (CNTs) have attracted significant attention. In this article, thermal transport properties of single wall CNTs (SWCNTs) are introduced. Combining equilibrium and non-equilibrium molecular dynamics with carbon potentials, we have studied the thermal conductivity of carbon nanotubes and its dependence on temperature. Phonon conduction depends on band gaps as well as thermal contact resistance of metallic CNTs, governed by phonon scattering and it shows evidence of 1-D quantization of the phonon band structure. We have studied here the thermal conductivity of single wall nanotubes dependence on chirality structure, dimensions of tubes, defects and vacancies in tubes. We found that the single wall carbon nanotubes have very high thermal conductivity comparable to diamond crystal and in-plane graphite sheet.
 
Electro-deposition Method for Platinum Nano-particles Synthesis
Get PDFThis review explores the recent development in the synthesis process of platinum nanoparticles by electro deposition method. Various developed supporting electrodes used in synthesis process of platinum nanoparticles have been discussed. It is possible to control the particle size by adjusting electrolysis parameters and to improve homogeneity of platinum particles by changing the composition of electrolytic solutions. Various electrolytic compositions also discuss briefly for single or mixed electrodes
A Survey on Wireless Sensor Networks Architectural Model, Topology, Service and Security
Get PDFRecent advancement and grown up technologies has enabled the development and implementation of low-cost, energy efficient and versatile sensor networks. Sensor networks are built up with sensors that have the ability to sense fiscal or environmental property. Assumption can be made that Wireless Sensing Network (WSN) is able to sense environmental conditions at Nano and gaseous level. In this paper, first the system architecture of WSN is described. The network may maintain several architectural protocol and topologies. WSN provides some services which are maintained by layered architecture. Another important issue regarding wireless networking is the security challenges. This work guided to a concept of several security issues and discussion to overcome the challenging issues.
 
Community Perception and Indigenous Adaptive Response to Climate Variability at Tehuledere Woreda, South Wollo
Get PDFClimate variability and extreme events have wide range economic, social and environmental impacts. In adaptation of these impacts, it is very important to assess and change the perception and awareness level of local community to climate variability and adaptation responses. Assessing the indigenous adaptation mechanisms and adaptation capacity is the integral part in addressing the adverse consequences of climate variability. There was no study, which assessed the adaptation to climate variability with integrating community perception in the study area. Thus, this study was aimed to fill this gap. The study has shown that, majority of participants were observed the existence of climate variability and indicators, But significant number of participants failed to perceive the causes of the variability. The effects of climate variability in the study area are land degradation, deforestation, decline of crop production, death of livestock, loss of grazing land, and destruction of infrastructures. The local communities have own adaptation methods, which include, production of different crops, planting of special variety crops, using of natural and chemical fertilizers, irrigation farming, planting of trees, and soil conservation. Adjusting the production season with the variability of climate is other cope up mechanism of farmers. The participants had problems with materials, financial and training supports from NGOs and governments
Effects of Chemical Reaction and Heat Generation on MHD Boundary Layer Flow of a Moving Vertical Plate with Suction and Dissipation
Get PDFIn this paper, the study of the steady two-dimensional flow of an incompressible viscous fluid with heat and mass transfer and MHD heat generation past a moving vertical plate with suction in the presence of viscous dissipation and chemical reaction is investigated. Using similarity variables, the governing partial differential equations are transformed into non-linear ordinary differential equations. These equations are then solved numerically using fourth order Runge-Kutta method with shooting technique. The flow variables are presented graphically. The graphs showed that velocity rises for increasing Grashof number, mass Grashof numer, suction, heat generation and Eckert number while reducing with increasing magnetic parameter, Schmidt number, and chemical reaction parameter and Prandtl number. Comparisons with previously published work are performed and are found to be in an excellent agreement