American Journal of Trade and Policy
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Controlled, Uncontrolled Communication, Brand Name and Brand Attitude: A Relational Study on Cellular Telecom Sector of Bangladesh
Get PDFThe main objectives of the study is to examine the impact of communication variables like controlled communications, uncontrolled communications and brand name on brand attitude in the context of Grameen Phone Telecom. A systematic sampling method was adopted to collect data from the respondents. A total number of 100 questionnaires were distributed, and 93 completed (usable) questionnaires were considered for statistical analyses and research hypotheses testing. The researcher used statistical techniques like mean, standard deviation, correlation and regression analysis. The results of regression analysis are show that controlled communication and brand name are statistically and significantly associated to brand attitude. These results provided full support to research hypotheses 2 and 3. Uncontrolled communication failed to enter into the regression table which indicates that uncontrolled communication is not statistically and significantly associated to brand attitude. The results of regression analysis provided no support for research hypothesis-1.
JEL Classification: M31, M37
 
Th e Enigma of US Productivity Slowdown: A Theoretical Analysis
Get PDFIntroduction: The economy of the United States is the number one economy of the world on the basis of its GDP size. Many economies of the world depend upon the working upon it. However, US economy has been facing the phenomena of labour productivity slowdown since 1973. The productivity grow was witnessed during 1990s decade due to revolution of information technology but it was proved transitory. To investigate this phenomenon the economists have been actively working and using different theoretical and empirical approaches. But it is still an enigma and its real cause has so far not been detected. The objective of the Study: The objective of this research study is to investigate why US economy has been facing productivity growth slowdown since long, what are its causes and what is its possible solution?. Methodology: The author has used qualitative research approach in which real economy sector and technology economy sector have been studied on the basis of secondary data collected from OECD, IMF, World Bank,etc. The individual share of these sectors in the US GDP has been determined to analyze their effects on productivity growth. The author has also compared goods and services sectors and their contribution into the US GDP. Findings: The results of study shows that no breakthrough or major innovation has occurred in the major sector of US economy. Information technology is a small sector and growth in this sector during 1990s has not brought any signifi cant impact on the US economy. The evidence shows that quality of patents is falling despite increasing number of researchers during the period of 1990-2010 and it refl ects diminishing return on R&D investment in the technology sector. The ratio of input/output is 40/100 which is totally against the concept of constant return to scale
The Paradox of Agricultural Trade Liberalization in Bangladesh and Tanzania
Get PDFThis paper examines some of the contradictions and theoretical ambiguities of agricultural trade liberalizationon the welfare of smallholder farmers. Using production, consumption and price data for pre-and post-liberalization periods for two main agricultural crops from Bangladesh (rice) and Tanzania (maize) we critically analyse the correlation between domestic and international prices of rice in Bangladesh and maize in Tanzania to estimate impact of agricultural trade liberalization on price stability/volatility and food security to measure economic benefits of trade liberalization on smallholder farmers. Using coefficient of variation of the level of prices (CV) and corrected coefficient of variation (CCV) as measured by Huchet-Bourdon (2011) we found that the values of both CV and CCV for consumer price in the post-liberalisation were quite large suggesting greater volatility of consumer price of rice in Bangladesh and maize in Tanzania in the post-liberalization period. We conclude that price volatility diminishes the potential benefits of agricultural trade liberalization forsmallholder farmers who are net-deficit producers, net-deficit sellers and recommend supplementary policy interventions to achieve enhanced welfare from trade liberalization
Variations in Opinions toward Disclosure Trend of Insurance Companies in Bangladesh: An Empirical Study
Get PDFThe study is an attempt to examine empirically the perceptions of a sample of users of reported information regarding the use of annual reports for decision making, adequacy, reliability, consistency, comparability, relevance, satisfaction and compliance of BASs (IASs) in preparing annual report. Results of the study demonstrated that there is a lack of disclosure in the annual reports of insurance companies. The study also found insignifi cant variations in opinions towards adequacy, consistency, relevance, satisfaction and compliance of provisions of Bangladesh Accounting Standards in disclosure policy of the companies while there are signifi cant variations in responses regarding reliability and comparability of accounting information disclosed in the annual reports. Insurance companies should develop their reporting policy to satisfy their users through compliance the disclosure requirements of international standards
Technology Growth in Shipping Industry: An Overview
Get PDFBeing the backbone of the world economy, the shipping industry impacts the lives of many people directly and indirectly. It needs continuous innovation and the adoption of new thought processes to handle the ever-growing demands of materials and goods around the world. It faces several challenges such as compliance with the environmental regulations and laws, changes in the global business models, the complexity of operations and management, risks and hazards to the people and the assets, and the cost of adopting new changes. This study highlights the benefits of greater collaboration with partners, more automation of manual processes, and higher productivity and capacity to handle future loads.
 
Circular Economy and Urban Waste Resources Recycling
Get PDFWith the rapid development of our social economy, the speeding up of urbanization and the rapid increase of people\u27s living standard, the production and living garbage also increases rapidly and have more obvious bad influence on people\u27s health. Such problems as environmental pollution gradually led to the attention of the society from all walks of life. The work of living garbage prevention and control has made great progress. But the level of Living garbage classification and recovery and the processing capacity are relatively lag. So the applicability of the life garbage disposal technology to solve the living garbage is a very important problem.
 
CSR Practices and Competitive Advantages: A Descriptive Study
Get PDFCSR is the managerial compulsion to defend and enhance both the welfare of society as a whole and the interests of the company. So, this study is an examination of the competitive advantages of CSR practice. This study is based on two theories; stakeholder’s theory, which states that companies have essential groups that need to care of and the iron law of CSR, which states that companies that become failure to utilize their power responsibly will lose it in the long run. Reviewing prior studies it was found that a number of benefits proliferate to companies that practise CSR; numerous advantages were recognized. Among these others consist of: improved brand and reputation, decline in operation costs, attracting new customers, balances power with responsibility, discourages government regulation, improves a company’s image, promote profits, superior relations with the investment groups and easier access to capital, improved employee relations, efficiency and innovation and stronger relations with society through stakeholder involvement. This paper concludes that there is a greater chance to be benefitted initiating CSR actions. Thus, it suggests that companies should try to provide due attention to CSR and this practice needs to consider as a continuous process.
 
A Conceptual Framework for Understanding Customer Satisfaction in Banking Sector: The Mediating Influence of Service Quality and Organizational Oath
Get PDFWith the economic intensification of a country is on accelerating mode, role of banking industry is also important in this growth. In a hyper-competitive market all commercial banks in Bangladesh are faced with challenges of retaining the existing and attracting new customers. The aim of the research is to take the opinions of different peoples in Rajshahi city, Bangladesh about the service quality in different commercial banks. Samples of 51 customers who have their bank account with different commercial banks having operations in Rajshahi city are selected on convenience basis. This paper presents an original survey in the banking sector of Rajshahi City, Bangladesh. To achieve the main goal of the research, the authors of the paper developed questionnaire designed for bank clients. After going for long analysis we have found that five factors playing important role in order to make customer happy regarding the banking services. Therefore, customer satisfaction is the key for many banks to stay alive in competition.
JEL Code: M1, M0, M3
The Impact of Human Capital Development on Economic Growth in Ethiopia: Evidence from ARDL Approach to Co-Integration
Get PDFThe main objective of the study was to investigate the long run and short run impact of human capital on economic growth in Ethiopia (using real GDP per capita, as a proxy for economic growth) over the period 1974/75-2010/2011. The ARDL Approach to Co-integration and Error Correction Model are applied in order to investigate the long-run and short run impact of Human capital on Economic growth. The finding of the Bounds test shows that there is a stable long run relationship between real GDP per capita, education human capital, health human capital, labor force, gross capital formation, government expenditure and official development assistance. The estimated long run model revels that human capital in the form of health (proxied by the ratio of public expenditure on health to real GDP) is the main contributor to real GDP per capita rise followed by education human capital (proxied by secondary school enrolment). Such findings are consistent with the endogenous growth theories which argue that an improvement in human capital (skilled and healthy workers) improves productivity. In the short run, the coefficient of error correction term is -0.7366 suggesting about 73.66 percent annual adjustment towards long run equilibrium. This is another proof for the existence of a stable long run relationship among the variables. The estimated coefficients of the short-run model indicate that education is the main contributor to real GDP per capita change followed by gross capital formation (one period lagged value) and government expenditure (one period lagged value). But, unlike its long run significant impact, health has no significant short run impact on the economy. Even its one period lag has a significant negative impact on the economy.
The above results have an important policy implication. The findings of this paper imply that economic performance can be improved significantly when the ratio of public expenditure on health services to GDP increases and when secondary school enrolment improves. Such improvements have a large impact on human productivity which leads to improved national output per capita. Hence policy makers and / or the government should strive to create institutional capacity that increase school enrolment and improved basic health service by strengthening the infrastructure of educational and health institutions that produce quality manpower. In addition to its effort, the government should continue its leadership role in creating enabling environment that encourage better investment in human capital (education and health) by the private sector.
 
Th e Study of the Relationship between Leadership Style and Project Success
Get PDFFrom three aspects of literatures: Leadership style, project success factors, and the match of leadership type and project type, this paper studied the relationship between leadership style and project success, and found that although leadership or manager is rarely included in the project success factors, it infl uences the performance of project through various patterns, like the collaboration of teamwork, management of source, communication with both followers and clients