American Journal of Trade and Policy
Not a member yet
161 research outputs found
Sort by
XBRL Acceptance in India: A Behavioral Study
Get PDFXBRL is fast becoming the new paradigm for reporting of financial information digitally. XBRL brings structure to business information with comprehensive description and contextual information for advanced analysis. It enhances the efficiency of financial reporting, accuracy, timeliness and reliability of financial data. Many Indian companies still resist using it. The present research uses technology acceptance model to analyze the perception of financial experts in respect of acceptance of XBRL as reporting method. The result revealed that using XBRL increases productivity but interacting with the XBRL requires lot of mental efforts. These findings can be an empirical and theoretical foundation to accelerate the adoption of XBRL in India.
 
Support of Road Freight Transport Especially in North-East Part of Schengen Borders
Get PDFGreen logistics is very attractive and request the point of view. Many companies try to be “green”, but on the other hand they also must be quick, be in right time in the right place and everything with as low costs as possible. So because of it, they use more road freight transport. Nowadays road freight transport is much expanded as transport companies prefer the possibility to operate just-in-time. There are several advantages that give road freight transport the first place. Firstly, the truck can be prepared whenever, no matter what time is chosen. Secondly, the flexibility and no more borders with customs control inside the Schengen Area make freight transport quicker. On the other hand, innovative approaches ask for environmental protection, which becomes one of the most important points of view. If countries support this environmental friendly transport, this would be reflected in the transport prices which should make rail transport more interesting. Using the methodology in the manuscript was divided to three steps. The first step is to identify relevant questions related to border crossing. Next step is to elaborate a list of border problems, and the last step is an analysis of available data.
 
Ecological and Economic Dissonance Debate on Kilimanjaro Region: Reflecting on 2-Basic Questions Case to Establish E1/E2
Get PDFStudying an interaction between more than one variable, both in influence and action is never an easy task, but establishing a key functional observation and question is even extremely difficult to an academician. The current literature therefore tries to re-establish an empirical debate between bi-polar ends, taking the influence of human destructive-constructive ends on both variables ecosystem (E1) and economic needs (E2).
Kilimanjaro has been taken to represent a case in Tanzania reflecting African 4 – zones on economic agriculture, as it represents among sectors of economy, 47 percent of GDP and employs 85 percent of Tanzanian population. The current literature refers to Global perspective as Global warming covers not only Africa but the whole world reforms platforms.
Institutional suggestions therefore cover solutions in terms of theoretical and empirical reflections for both. Where economic parameters and statistical dimensions cover the most dynamic era of plans, actions and the way forward (1990s -2000s). The evils of poverty has been linked to the impacts of unbalanced Dr. Msaki’s ratio (GE1/GE2=ɼ˚), where question A and B articulate further platforms for future researched. The literature concludes by re-establishing an implementation cycle of root I and II focused on balancing criterion of ɼ˚- establishment in terms of culture, strategies, focus and policies.
JEL Classifications Code: E
Foreign Direct Investment, Sovereign Debt and Growth: Evidence for the Euro Area
Get PDFIn light of the global financial crisis, an extensive implementation of fiscal stimulus packages has triggered an enormous soared of public debt in Europe. While grappling with this albatross, the high debt level has aroused the paramount interest of this study casts doubt on the role of sovereign debt towards the linkage between FDI and economic growth. To this end, this study aims to assess the effects of debt on growth through the channel of FDI in European countries by applying Pooled Mean Group (PMG) estimation. The empirical findings, by and large, suggest that a lower growth performance is evident with the association of high government debt through foreign investment. In a nutshell, over borrowing of public finance would crowd out private investment and hence stifle economic growth.
JEL Classifications Code: F21, F34, F43, G0
The Intersection of Self-Actualization, Entrepreneurship and Transformational Leadership: A Review of Maslow’s Perspective of Eupsychian Management
Get PDFAn entrepreneur is someone often associated with venture creation, through what could be termed as bold undertaking; a process of treading an unfamiliar terrain characterized by overwhelming challenges known as entrepreneurship. Similarly the self actualizing individual is perceptive of possibilities and engaged in pursuits of interest that could otherwise be deemed unattainable by the multitude. These two, share commonalities akin to commitment to a purpose, meaningful enough to be sustainable and yet do not operate in isolation. They both work to inspire, motivate and organize people of shared vision in the direction of their dreams through transformational leadership. Interestingly too, there seem to be a point of convergence that characterize the seemingly varied motives, leadership style, and what could be seen as distinct set of attributions in the definitions of an entrepreneur and the self-actualizing individual. This possibility stems from the assumption that the quest for entrepreneurial success is more or less associated with the need for self actualization and forms the phenomena of interest this paper aims to explore with a view to establishing a meaningful convergence. Drawing from qualitative analysis of related literature and Abraham Maslow’s works in particular, effort has been made towards this end. The findings revealed a synchronized form of the phenomena with implications that resonate around Maslow’s Idea of Eupsychian Management with a recommendation for practical adoption of the concept.
 
European Sovereign Debt Crisis and its Impact on Financial Markets and Institutions
Get PDFThis paper examines the European sovereign debt crisis that began in 2009; it mostly considers Greece and then Italy and Portugal since they were affected by the crisis. It gives the emergence and the causes of the crisis as well as its effect on their debt as a percentage to Gross Domestic Product and their Real Gross Domestic Product. It also analyses the impact on sovereign bond and its yields, the stock, gold, derivatives and forex markets, including the impact on financial institutions, it uses graphical illustrations from Bloomberg to back the analysis. It further assesses the measures taken so far by policy makers and financial institutions to curb the situation. It finally considers the impact of the crisis on financial landscape and lessons learnt from it
Crossing Point of Artificial Intelligence in Cybersecurity
Get PDFThere is a wide scope of interdisciplinary crossing points between Artificial Intelligence (AI) and Cybersecurity. On one hand, AI advancements, for example, deep learning, can be introduced into cybersecurity to develop smart models for executing malware classification and intrusion detection and threatening intelligent detecting. Then again, AI models will confront different cyber threats, which will affect their sample, learning, and decision making. Along these lines, AI models need specific cybersecurity defense and assurance advances to battle ill-disposed machine learning, preserve protection in AI, secure united learning, and so forth. Because of the above two angles, we audit the crossing point of AI and Cybersecurity. To begin with, we sum up existing research methodologies regarding fighting cyber threats utilizing artificial intelligence, including receiving customary AI techniques and existing deep learning solutions. At that point, we analyze the counterattacks from which AI itself may endure, divide their qualities, and characterize the relating protection techniques. And finally, from the aspects of developing encrypted neural networks and understanding safe deep learning, we expand the current analysis on the most proficient method to develop a secure AI framework. This paper centers mainly around a central question: "By what means can artificial intelligence applications be utilized to upgrade cybersecurity?" From this question rises the accompanying set of sub-questions: What is the idea of artificial intelligence and what are its fields? What are the main areas of artificial intelligence that can uphold cybersecurity? What is the idea of data mining and how might it be utilized to upgrade cybersecurity? Hence, this paper is planned to reveal insight into the idea of artificial intelligence and its fields, and how it can profit by applications of AI brainpower to upgrade and improve cybersecurity. Using an analytical distinct approach of past writing on the matter, the significance of the need to utilize AI strategies to improve cybersecurity was featured and the main fields of application of artificial intelligence that upgrade cybersecurity, for example, machine learning, data mining, deep learning, and expert systems.
 
Government Ownership and Value of Listed Firms in Kenya: A Panel Data Evidence
Get PDFThis study examines the relationship between government ownership and performance of listed firms on the Nairobi Securities Exchange. The quadratic term of government ownership is included in the model to test for the effect of increasing government ownership levels on performance. We use panel data techniques on 102 firm-year observations between 2003 and 2013 for all the listed firms in which the government directly owns some shares. We find no relationship between government ownership and performance at lower levels of government ownership. We find a negative relationship between government ownership and performance at higher levels of government ownership. We estimate, through differentiation of the Tobin’s Q model, that government ownership has a negative effect on performance when government ownership exceeds 41%. The study concludes that lower government ownership levels do not affect firm performance but as the ownership rises, government ownership has a detrimental effect on firm performance. We provide implications of these results for policy and practice.
JEL Classifications Code: G3
Socioeconomic Profile of Milk Producers in the Municipality of Olho D’agua das Flores, Alagoas, Brazil
Get PDFBovine milk is widely considered to be one of the most nutritious foods. It is rich in calcium and other ingredients, such as vitamins, protein and phosphorus. The municipality of Olho d´Água das Flores in the state of Alagoas, north-eastern Brazil is located in the microregion of Batalha of the mesoregion of Sertão Alagoano. The interviews for this study have been conducted over a period of 150 days between October 2011 and February 2012, whereby a questionnaire was used to collect the required information. Of the 41 producers interviewed, 37 were family farmers, as defined by the law nº 11.326/2006 of Brazil, relevant legislation currently regulating the classification of producers as “family farmers”, corresponding to 90% of the sample. Despite the properties of those interviewed exhibiting characteristics of differentiated production, continued high-quality technical assistance is the major necessity of the producers, hence the importance of understanding their socioeconomic profile and that of their properties.
 
Role of Microfinance in Poverty Alleviation: Evidence from Pakistan
Get PDFThis study has empirically measured the role of microfinance in poverty alleviation and has examined its impact on household poverty level. The factors that can affect the household poverty and living standard have been investigated with innovative econometric technique that is binary logit model and ordered logit model by using Stata software. The empirical analysis of this study is based on fresh data. The data is collected through a household survey method from the rural and urban areas of district Lodhran of Pakistan. A questionnaire was developed to collect primary data which covered the household loan amount, household assets, and household expenditures. The questionnaires were distributed among 220 respondents. We selected total 19 variables: eleven variables to analyze the factors responsible for household poverty and eight variables to measure the household living standard. High value of Living standard shows high living standard and low value shows lower living standard. The empirical evidence shows that the variables such as gender, married status, chronicle diseases, purpose of loans, number of loans taken, amount of loan, Lives Stock, Monthly savings, total number of household members are found impacting poverty significantly while the impact of transport facility, years of schooling and ownership of land were found insignificant. While measuring poverty level we followed World Bank poverty line which is $ 1.25 (Rs.3750) per capita per adult monthly income and expenditure. The data shows that 137 (62.3 percent) households are living below poverty line while 83 households are living above poverty line. We find that 169 households (76.8 percent of the total sample) have good living standard while 20 households (9.1 percent) have high living standard whereas 31 households (14.1 percent), have very low living standard.
JEL Classifications Code: E