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Network dismantling by physical damage
No full textIt is well-understood that the network structure of complex systems affects their robustness; the role played by the shape of spatially embedded networks, however, is less explored. Here, we study the robustness of networks where links are physical objects or physically transfer some quantity, hence the links can be disrupted at any point along their trajectory. To model physical damage, we tile each network with boxes and we sequentially damage these boxes, removing any link from the network that intersects a damaged tile. Using model and empirical networks, we systematically explore how the layout and the structure of networks jointly affect the resulting percolation transition. For example, we analytically and numerically show that randomly damaging a vanishing fraction of tiles is enough to destroy large-scale connectivity in randomly embedded networks. This demonstrates that the presence of long-range links makes networks extremely vulnerable to physical damage. Our work contributes to the emergent theory of physical networks
No evidence for culmination inferences based on Hindi ergative marking
No full textPrediction, both on the syntactic and the semantic level, is a central process in language comprehension. For instance, people predict aspects of event structure based on morphosyntactic markers on verbs: hearing has peeled directs one's attention towards a culminated event, as opposed to an ongoing event. Here, we ask how general this prediction process is, and specifically, whether it extends to cues outside the predicate, using the Hindi split-ergative system as case study. Ergativity allows properties of an event to be predicted on the subject, notably a constituent outside the Verb Phrase. In four studies, we map out the role subject marking plays for prediction of event properties in comprehension. Our results show that in some offline judgments, ergativity is a strong predictor of culminated events; but the cue provided by ergative marking is not taken into account during incremental comprehension, questioning accounts of automatically triggered culmination inferences in ergative constructions as well as providing evidence for a limit of predictive processing
Distinguishing mechanisms of social contagion from local network view
No full textThe adoption of individual behavioural patterns is largely determined by stimuli arriving from peers via social interactions or from external sources. Based on these influences, individuals are commonly assumed to follow simple or complex adoption rules, inducing social contagion processes. In reality, multiple adoption rules may coexist even within the same social contagion process, introducing additional complexity to the spreading phenomena. Our goal is to understand whether coexisting adoption mechanisms can be distinguished from a microscopic view at the egocentric network level without requiring global information about the underlying network, or the unfolding spreading process. We formulate this question as a classification problem, and study it through a likelihood approach and with random forest classifiers in various synthetic and data-driven experiments. This study offers a novel perspective on the observations of propagation processes at the egocentric level and a better understanding of landmark contagion mechanisms from a local view
Illiberal Politics in Europe:Ideology, Policies, and Impact
No full textOur thematic issue focuses on the ideological and discursive foundations, policy outputs, and institutional impact of illiberal parties in Europe. The contributions highlight how illiberal actors reshape democratic institutions, popular attitudes, cultural narratives, and welfare policies. They also consider how illiberal ideas spread through mainstream political discourse. Crucially, the issue explores both the diversity of illiberal ideologies and the mechanisms of democratic resilience. Together, these studies show that illiberalism is not merely a rhetorical style but a substantive challenge to liberal democracy that operates through institutional changes, policy, and discourse