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Authoritarian neoliberalism and the instrumentalization of the banking sector in Turkey and Hungary
No full textThis paper studies the evolution of the domestic banking sector in Hungary and Turkey where Viktor Orban and Recep Tayyip Erdogan have intervened to politically control credit allocation. We argue that both leaders have instrumentalized the banking sector to serve their political needs rather than following a developmentalist agenda under authoritarian neoliberalism. This occurred through two distinct patterns following the 2008 Global Financial Crisis in an attempt to ensure their political survival: while Orban intervened in the banking sector to secure partisan access to consumption, Erdogan did so to ensure partisan business access to cheap credit. These policy preferences reveal additional components of an autocrat’s toolkit for political survival, which are strongly influenced by the constellation of dominant social bloc interests and the relative position of their national economies within the overall global financial hierarchy
From crisis corporatism to reshaping European labour markets in defence of vulnerable workers
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Jewish Militias As a Factor in Post-World War One State Building in Galicia
No full textThe article analyses the Jewish militias that were established in Galicia during the fall of the Habsburg empire in 1918 and the creation of new nation-states. As public order collapsed and the region descended into violence, Jews throughout Galicia took up arms to protect and organize their communities and to take an active part in the transformation of the region. They mirrored the efforts of their non-Jewish neighbors, creating paramilitary forces that aimed to fill the vacuum left behind by the disintegrating imperial state. The militias were more than a means of self-defense. They actively participated in the establishment of the new states’ monopoly on violence but did so on their own terms—integration was only possible through separation. At the same time, the militias served a decidedly internal, Jewish purpose by replacing traditional leaderships and imposing discipline in the community, at times through universal conscription
Whispers of Dissent? Analyzing the Rhetorical Alignment of the Elites with the Authoritarian Incumbent through Parliamentary Discourse in the Kazakhstani Senate
No full textParliaments are often thought to be key arenas of elite signaling in authoritarian regimes. This paper examines the patterns of rhetorical alignment between individual elite members of parliament and the incumbent in a personalistic authoritarian regime using discourse data. I explore the possible determinants of rhetorical alignment, including the elites’ regional affiliations, policy discussion topics, leadership transitions, and crises. To measure rhetorical alignment, the paper applies LSS-based cosine similarity analysis to the statements of Kazakhstani senators alongside the incumbent’s speeches in 2019–2024. The regression analysis of the variation in rhetorical alignment between the incumbent and the senators suggests that while the 2022 leadership change, the COVID-19 crisis, and regional affiliation are not associated with high levels of alignment, some pockets of rhetorical contestation can be concealed within specific policy topics determined through structural topic modeling. To describe this phenomenon, the paper proposes the concept of “embedded rhetorical contestation.” Methodologically, the paper’s findings show the value of text-as-data approaches in analyzing parliamentary discourses for a better understanding of authoritarian regime dynamics and elite signaling.Published versionCEU PhD Scholarship. Austrian Political Association Travel Gran
