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‘They abscond’:migration and coloniality in the contemporary conjuncture in Europe
No full textOver the past decade, the public sphere in Europe has become increasingly ‘culturalised’. Ideas about European heritage and culture have been used as a way to exclude people, notably migrants. My intention is to understand how at this time the cultural, political and economic are articulated together in Europe. I do so by examining the trope of ‘migrants absconding’ which is a prominent concern of the European Commission, as reflected in legal innovations and in media and far-right generated moral panics. By focusing on the social, political and legal relations around ‘migrants absconding’, I read from the ground up value regimes that animate and organize the European social formation at this conjuncture. This social formation is made up of articulations along political, economic and cultural grounds, which allow for incorporating the themes of populist far right groups into the very core of the European Commission. This fosters and legitimizes value regimes bent on culturally cheapening migrants as incompatible, deviant or dangerous outsiders with a very limited right to social and political participation, much less an independent social reproduction. This then allows for their labour power to be also cheapened, super exploited and disposable. This type of value regime centring on culturally cheapening people deemed outsiders, controlling their social reproduction, and making them available as cheap labour was also a key feature of the colonial social formations of the mid 19th to mid 20th centuries, where concerns about ‘natives’ absconding tended to also be prominent. That there is something colonial about the contemporary conjuncture may be seen in the cultural-political-economic articulations dominant in Europe and their cultural and economic cheapening strategies. To abscond is to leave value regimes. Absconding is transgressive, it is to deliberately step out of place, and to attempt to pursue an independent social reproduction
The causal role of counterfactuals in responsibility ascriptions to ignorant agents
No full textIt is now well-established that counterfactual reasoning takes place when people make moral judgments. Less is known about which counterfactuals lead to stronger moral judgment, especially when judging agents who unknowingly produce negative consequences. We explored the relationship between counterfactual salience and responsibility ascription in two experiments. In Experiment 1, we asked people to produce counterfactual alternatives to a vignette they read spontaneously. We manipulated whether agents who produced harm knew the relevant information beforehand and what the reasons for the possible ignorance were. The counterfactual type that people first came up with (e.g., related to external factors or agent's actions) mediated the relationship between the condition and responsibility ratings. Experiment 2 investigated the causal connection between certain counterfactual types and responsibility ascription. We show that guiding people to consider alternative perpetrator's actions leads to a higher tendency to ascribe responsibility than considering victim's actions
8th Annual ACM Conference on Fairness, Accountability, and Transparency, FAccT 2025
No full textRanking algorithms play a pivotal role in decision-making processes across diverse domains, from search engines to job applications. When rankings directly impact individuals, ensuring fairness becomes essential, particularly for groups that are marginalised or misrepresented in the data. Most of the existing group fairness frameworks often rely on ensuring proportional representation of protected groups. However, these approaches face limitations in accounting for the stochastic nature of ranking processes or the finite size of candidate pools. To this end, we present hyperFA∗IR, a framework for assessing and enforcing fairness in rankings drawn from a finite set of candidates. It relies on a generative process based on the hypergeometric distribution, which models real-world scenarios by sampling without replacement from fixed group sizes. This approach improves fairness assessment when top-k selections are large relative to the pool or when protected groups are small. We compare our approach to the widely used binomial model, which treats each draw as independent with fixed probability, and demonstrate-both analytically and empirically-that our method more accurately reproduces the statistical properties of sampling from a finite population. To operationalise this framework, we propose a Monte Carlo-based algorithm that efficiently detects unfair rankings by avoiding computationally expensive parameter tuning. Finally, we adapt our generative approach to define affirmative action policies by introducing weights into the sampling process
“She nicknames her illness as sclera and herself as crip” – depiction of disability on the 24.hu online news media platform
No full textMiközben a fogyatékossággal élő személyek társadalmi reprezentációja jellemzően a médiában való megjelenésükben tükröződik, a média vissza is hat a valóságra, közös nyelvezetet és képzeteket teremt. A fogyatékos emberek kirekesztésének változó és új mechanizmusai c. TÁRKI-kutatás keretében az egyik legnagyobb hazai hírportálon, a 24.hu oldalon három év alatt (2019. május 1. 2022. április 30.) megjelenő cikkeket vizsgáltuk. Arra a kérdésre kerestük a választ, hogy az online hírmédia milyen mértékben foglalkozik a fogyatékossággal élő személyekkel, hogyan tekint rájuk, milyennek láttatja őket. Az eredmények azt mutatják, hogy a fogyatékosságábrázolásokban a különbözőség–hasonlóság folyamatos dinamikája érvényesül. Számos tényező hat abba az irányba, hogy marginalizálja, kirekessze, láthatatlanná tegye a fogyatékossággal élő embereket (pl. alacsony előfordulás a tartalmakban, medikalizálás, infantilizálás, lekicsinylés, tabusítás). Ugyanakkor ezzel szemben megjelenik egy alternatív, rezisztens látásmód is, mely egy jóval sokszínűbb képet mutat, és amelyben maguknak az érintetteknek a hangja is hallatszik (blogok, honlapok, közösségimédia-felületek stb.). While the representation of persons with disabilities in society is typically reflected in their appearance in the media, the media also reacts to reality, creating common language and perceptions. In the framework of the TARKI research entitled Changing and New Mechanisms of Exclusion of People with Disabilities, we examined articles published over a three-year period (1 May 2019 – 30 April 2022) on one of the largest Hungarian news portals, 24.hu. We sought to answer the question of to what extent and how online news media view persons with disabilities and how they are portrayed. The results show that there is a continuous dynamic of difference-similarity in disability representations. Many factors are at work to marginalize exclude and make invisible people with disabilities (e.g., low incidence, medicalization, infantilization, belittling, taboo), but an alternative, resistant perspective also emerges, which presents a more diverse picture and in which the voices of those affected themselves are heard (blogs, websites, social media platforms, etc.)
