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Health insurance and labor supply:Evidence from same-sex couples
No full textThis paper examines labor supply effects of policies allowing public sector workers to include same-sex partners in employer-sponsored insurance plans. Unlike broader partnership recognition rights, these policies focus narrowly on insurance access. I find gendered labor supply responses: women in same-sex couples reduce their labor supply when gaining insurance access (−3.3pp), while men's labor supply remains unchanged. The effects are roughly half the size of those seen with broader partnership rights but follow the same gendered pattern. Lower household income and health conditions amplify labor supply responses; child care does not seem to be a key factor
The public that engages invisibly:what visible engagement fails to capture in online political communication
No full textMeasurements of political polarization online have so far largely focused on visible traces accessible through platform APIs, neglecting invisible traces that are not recorded or otherwise unavailable to researchers, which can reveal key aspects of political engagement online. Our study addresses this gap by investigating the polarization measurement bias that arises when only visible engagement is analyzed, uncovering disparities at both the user and channel levels. Analyzing a combined dataset that links survey responses with YouTube digital traces through data donation from a sample of Hungarian Internet users (=758), we find that users who engage visibly through commenting are more politically polarized, and exhibit a greater level of selective exposure to content than users who engage invisibly through viewing. Moreover, ideologically heterogeneous channels are more likely to share viewers than subscribers or commenters. Thus, relying solely on public comment data may simplify, even overstate the segregation of political channels. Our results suggest that research using only visible engagement may overestimate the extent of polarization and the prevalence of echo chambers on YouTube. We highlight the benefits of using combined datasets to address measurement bias in online political communication, and contribute to the polarization literature by providing a fresh evaluation of potential biases in platform-focused research
Wittgenstein and Waismann's open texture
No full textI track the origin in Wittgenstein's work of Waismann's concept of open texture and compare their related ideas. Although Waismann published his work on open texture before the publication of Wittgenstein's Philosophical Investigations, he had access to drafts of that work and to other writings of Wittgenstein and heard him present related ideas. A key example of his is closely derived from Wittgenstein's work. We shall see advantages of Wittgenstein's ideas over Waismann's. Waismann does not satisfactorily distinguish semantic from epistemic points; he seems to think that drawing boundaries is done only by definitions; he unjustly sees open texture as the possibility of vagueness, which he problematically conceives as a fluctuating use of a word, and more. In all these respects, Wittgenstein is more precise in his characterisation of the idea. Accordingly, we better follow Wittgenstein in our use of the concept of open texture
