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Rule of Law beyond the EU Member States 2025:Assessing the Union’s Performance 2025
No full textThe rule of law remains a cornerstone of the European Union, essential for the proper functioning of both Member States and EU institutions. While progress has been made in areas such as mutual trust and media freedom, significant challenges persist, particularly in access to justice, migration management, and enforcement of rule of law obligations. While examination of the rule of law dimension of the Internal market is to be welcomed in the European Commission’s Annual Rule of Law Report, it nevertheless faces important geopolitical challenges at EU level in the field of EU digital policy, undermining effective enforcement of the EU own legislation. Inconsistent judicial protection, and shortcomings in ensuring civil society engagement continue to undermine transparency, accountability, and democratic oversight. External migration policies and Frontex operations reveal gaps between EU legal commitments to human rights and the rule of law and practice, while digital rule enforcement risks the politicisation and erosion of regulatory independence. Strengthening oversight of legal standards, ensuring consistent application of legal standards, and protecting media freedom and civil society are essential to uphold the EU’s credibility and effectively defend its foundational values. By addressing deficiencies, the EU can become a stronger rule of law actor capable of defending EU values throughout the EU and its Member States
Studying culture from an evolutionary psychological perspective: approaches, achievements, and prospects
No full textThis paper examines how culture can be studied from an evolutionary psychological perspective. We review the integrated causal model proposed by Tooby and Cosmides and examine the ways in which it differs from other approaches to culture. We discuss three aspects of the model that require further discussion and elaboration: how such varied cultures can arise from a species-typical mind; how cultural content can come to be transmitted between individuals; and how culture can acquire normative force. We present three case studies of research into cultural patterns that exemplifies the integrated causal approach: kinship terminologies, punitive justice institutions, and fertility patterns. We emphasize the non-reductive nature of the evolutionary psychological approach, and its generative benefits in stimulating enquiry into both the commonalities and specificities of human cultural forms
On ‘There Is’:Logical Investigations into Instantial Sentences
No full textI distinguish between instantial sentences (There are elephants that swim), particular quantification, and predication of existence in natural language. I explore the logical relation between the first two, while the last one is shown independent of either. I continue to consider the incorporation of the three kinds of sentence in the Quantified Argument Calculus (Quarc). I provide formalisations that preserve the logical relations specified earlier. I also extend the analysis to quantified instantial sentences (There are five elephants that swim) and modal ones. A conclusion of this work is that quantification and instantial sentences provide no guide to ontology
Tolerance Proportionality and Computational Stability in Adaptive Parallel-in-Time Runge–Kutta Methods
No full textIn this paper, we investigate how adaptive time-integration strategies can be effectively combined with parallel-in-time numerical methods for solving systems of ordinary differential equations. Our focus is particularly on their influence on tolerance proportionality. We examine various grid-refinement strategies within the multigrid reduction-in-time (MGRIT) framework. Our results show that a simple adjustment to the original refinement factor can substantially improve computational stability and reliability. Through numerical experiments on standard test problems using the XBraid library, we demonstrate that parallel-in-time solutions closely match their sequential counterparts. Moreover, with the use of multiple processors, computing time can be significantly reduced
Is Mind-Reading Involved in Ownership Judgments?
No full textHow do people determine who owns what? While existing research has identified a number of psychological and behavioral sources of ownership judgments, the role of mental state attribution has received less attention. We conducted three online experiments (N = 1246) examining if ownership judgments rely on mind-reading: the capacity to infer others’ intentions, beliefs, and knowledge states. Using vignettes, we tested if ownership judgments are sensitive to variations in contextual cues (Study 1), beliefs about the permissibility of taking items (Study 2), and knowledge about social norms (Study 3). We also tested if the moral aspects of a scenario affect judgments of rightful ownership transfer. Our findings indicate that ownership judgments indeed vary in response to these factors, and that they do not vary on par with moral judgments. These findings are best explained in terms of mind-reading and support the argument that ownership is fundamentally a social phenomenon: not a relationship between people and resources but rather between people about resources