Open Research Repository ORR
Not a member yet
2835 research outputs found
Sort by
Medical Geneticists’ Interpretations of Genetic Disorders in Roma Communities in Post-Socialist Hungary
No full textThe article investigates the utilization of ethnic classification by human geneticists in Hungary, with a particular focus on the Roma minority. Drawing on qualitative expert-interviews, it analyzes how historically situated social imaginaries inform the production of genetic knowledge. The study explores how human genetics constructs heritable disorders as ethnic diseases, exposing the epistemological and ethical tensions inherent in translating sociocultural difference into biological terms
The effect of grammatical aspect on mental representations of events:ERP evidence from English and Russian
No full textGrammatical aspect encodes the stage of an event: in progress (imperfective) or completed (perfective). However, little is known about the effect of aspect on mental representations of event stage. To fill this gap, we conducted an ERP study in two languages with distinct aspectual systems: dual-aspectual Russian and partially-aspectual English. Native speakers of Russian (n = 20) and English (n = 20) looked at pictures of in-progress and completed events and read their perfective or imperfective descriptions. In Russian, late positivity elicited by perfective after in-progress pictures indicated a bottom-up process triggered by the violation of a highly specific expectation based on the event stage in the picture. In English, perfective after in-progress pictures elicited a sustained negativity. This effect suggested a top-down effort to update the initial mental model to reconcile it with the non-matching aspectual information
Dyads use heuristics to minimise time costs during joint action
No full textResearch on joint action planning has demonstrated that, when acting with others, individuals will choose more effortful actions if it improves co-efficiency by reducing the overall effort exerted by the group. However, because these studies use actions for which time and effort costs are confounded, it is unclear which costs participants sought to minimise and what processes underlie decision-making about individual contributions to joint actions. Across three experiments, we tested (1) whether dyads aim to minimise effort vs. time costs (Experiments 1–2) and (2) whether individuals choose actions based on a rational, deliberative process or a heuristic (Experiment 3). Data from a joint object-dragging computer task revealed that participants chose to drag objects to the closer of two goals even when it required more effort from the dyad (Experiments 1–2). Participants preferred closer goals when time and effort costs were equal (Experiment 3a), but only when the objects’ locations were salient (Experiment 3b). Together, these results suggest that: (1) individuals minimise time, rather than effort, when sharing object-moving tasks, and (2) they do so – at least in part - by using distance as a heuristic. Our findings also replicate and extend earlier work showing that people prefer acting together versus alone, even when this is less efficient
The Biopolitics of Menstruation in Hungary:Then and Now
No full textThis article focuses on postwar Hungary, including the transition from state socialism to peripheral capitalism. This era is especially important as during the decades of cold war one of the main claims was that social and welfare rights - including the right to healthcare - were exemplary in state socialism and much more advanced than in the capitalisms of the West. This article argues, however, that even though social welfare rights were advanced in certain jurisdictions and fields, they did not eradicate patriarchal views. Neglecting women during their period also shows that protecting motherhood did not automatically increase women's rights. While women's welfare rights have been underdeveloped, there have been some significant achievements in the fields of maternal care and childcare
