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Chloride binding does not influence prestin motor speed at very high frequencies in the mouse outer hair cell
No full textAdvancing the Personalized Advantage Index (PAI): a Systematic Review and Application in Two Large Multi-Site Samples in Anxiety Disorders – ERRATUM
No full textPavlovian to instrumental transfer of control over fight or flight decisions
No full textAbstract This study investigated outcome-selective Pavlovian-to-instrumental transfer (PIT) in fight-or-flight decision making. Participants learned to attack or retreat from monsters (instrumental phase) and to associate environments with specific monsters without responding (Pavlovian phase). In the transfer phase, they chose responses to unseen monsters while exposed to conditioned stimuli (CSs). Study 1 ( n = 86) found that CSs influenced fight-or-flight decisions, demonstrating both outcome-selective and outcome-general PIT effects. Study 2 ( n = 76) tested the operation of cognitive beliefs with post-training instructions that reversed the CS-outcome relations, revealing a reversed PIT effect. Study 3 ( n = 83) manipulated threat levels by featuring highly dangerous monsters. Results showed a larger specific PIT under low versus high threat with standard instructions but not with reversal instructions. Findings suggest that associative knowledge about upcoming threats is integrated with knowledge of defensive actions into cognitive beliefs about which response is most effective for coping with danger
Mitochondrial targets in ischaemic heart disease and heart failure, and their potential for a more efficient clinical translation. A scientific statement of the ESC Working Group on Cellular Biology of the Heart and the ESC Working Group on Myocardial Function
No full textAbstract Acute myocardial infarction (MI) remains a major cause of death and disability worldwide. No adjuvant treatment has yet been fully validated in patients to limit the progression from the initial tissue damage due to acute MI, to the development of heart failure. However, mitochondria have long been demonstrated to be a key target for cardioprotective strategies to reduce cell death that leads to left ventricular dysfunction and ultimately heart failure. While pre‐clinical studies have investigated several mitoprotective strategies targeting different mitochondrial functions, such as oxidative stress or permeability transition pore opening, none have shown successful clinical translation so far. In this European Society of Cardiology scientific statement, we present recent research advances in the understanding of the mitochondrial alterations occurring in MI and in the discovery of key components of mitochondrial structure and function in order to improve drug development. We discuss the reasons for the failure of clinical translation and the remaining obstacles that need to be addressed, including timing of drug administration, tissue bioavailability and efficient mitochondrial targeting, together with the mitochondrial impact derived from risk factors, comorbidities and comedications. Taken together, this scientific statement aims to provides a consensus opinion from clinicians and basic scientists to translate some of the most promising mitoprotective targets into the clinical setting to protect against MI and heart failure
A European biobanking strategy for safeguarding macroalgal genetic material to ensure food security, biosecurity and conservation of biodiversity
No full textSafe Seaweed Coalitio
A review of high nature value farming systems in Europe: Biodiversity, ecosystem services, drivers, innovations and future prospects
No full textAbstract Farming systems of high natural and cultural value represent approximately 30% of farmlands in the European Union and are associated with a high species and habitat diversity and/or the presence of species of European conservation concern. This study aims to synthesize the existing knowledge on the assessment of biodiversity and ecosystem services, the social‐ecological drivers of change and the innovations developed around high nature value (HNV) farming systems. We performed a systematic review of scholarly publications in English reporting empirical studies of HNV farmland in Europe. Information was extracted from 178 articles. We employed a multiple correspondence analysis and a hierarchical cluster analysis to uncover patterns in the assessment of ecosystem services and biodiversity in the HNV farming literature. A qualitative analysis of open text on challenges provided insight into drivers and their interactions. Similarly, open texts on main lessons learnt and recommendations allowed us to explore innovations. Most of the studies ( n = 122, 69%) assessed the dimensions related to biodiversity in which grassland and bird diversity dominated. Six clusters were disentangled. The predominant biophysical assessment of plant diversity was generally grouped into clusters 1 and 2, while less common approaches were found in the remaining clusters, which tackled social dimensions (cluster 3), considered a wider set of biodiversity groups (cluster 5), or ecosystem services beyond provisioning services, either from a sociocultural perspective (cluster 4) or from a biophysical perspective (cluster 6). Direct drivers of change in land use in HNV farming systems are mostly related to abandonment and intensification processes. Among the indirect drivers of change, policy and institutional drivers were addressed in one‐third of the studies, with the Common Agricultural Policy being the most common driver in this category. Innovations were mostly related to technological innovations, while a limited number of articles were related to social, institutional and marketing innovations. Advisory services and knowledge transfer can have transformative potential to avoid the exclusion of marginalised farmers from being subsidised. Synergies can be promoted in policy mixes to jointly address landscape conservation and product innovation by supporting niche markets. Read the free Plain Language Summary for this article on the Journal blog.Resumen Los sistemas agrarios de alto valor natural y cultural representan aproximadamente el 30% de las tierras de cultivo de la Unión Europea y están asociados a una elevada diversidad de especies y hábitats y/o a la presencia de especies cuya conservación es motivo de preocupación en Europa. Este estudio pretende sintetizar los conocimientos existentes sobre la evaluación de la biodiversidad y los servicios ecosistémicos, los motores socioecológicos del cambio y las innovaciones desarrolladas en torno a los sistemas agrarios de alto valor natural (AVN). Se realizó una revisión sistemática de las publicaciones académicas en inglés que informaban de estudios empíricos sobre las tierras de cultivo de alto valor natural en Europa. Se extrajo información de 178 artículos. Se empleó un análisis de correspondencias múltiples y un análisis jerárquico de conglomerados para descubrir patrones en la evaluación de los servicios ecosistémicos y la biodiversidad en la bibliografía sobre sistemas AVN. Un análisis cualitativo de los textos de los artículos sobre los desafíos que enfrentan estos sistemas permitió conocer los factores impulsores y sus interacciones. Del mismo modo, los textos abiertos sobre las principales lecciones aprendidas y recomendaciones nos permitieron explorar las innovaciones. La mayoría de los estudios ( n = 122, 69%) evaluaron las dimensiones relacionadas con la biodiversidad en las que predominaban el estudio de la diversidad en pastos y aves. Se distinguieron seis conglomerados. La evaluación biofísica de la diversidad vegetal se agrupó generalmente en los conglomerados 1 y 2, mientras que se encontraron enfoques menos comunes en los conglomerados restantes que abordaban las dimensiones sociales (conglomerado 3), consideraban un conjunto más amplio de grupos de biodiversidad (conglomerado 5) o los servicios ecosistémicos más allá de los servicios de aprovisionamiento, ya fuera desde una perspectiva sociocultural (conglomerado 4) o desde una perspectiva biofísica (conglomerado 6). Los impulsores directos del cambio en el uso de la tierra en los sistemas AVN están relacionados principalmente con los procesos de abandono e intensificación. Entre los impulsores indirectos del cambio, los impulsores políticos e institucionales se abordaron en un tercio de los estudios, siendo la Política Agrícola Común el impulsor más común en esta categoría. Las innovaciones estaban relacionadas sobre todo con innovaciones tecnológicas, mientras que un número limitado de artículos se refería a innovaciones sociales, institucionales y de marketing. Los servicios de asesoramiento y la transferencia de conocimientos pueden tener un potencial transformador para evitar la exclusión de los agricultores marginados de las subvenciones. La políticas pueden promover sinergias para abordar conjuntamente la conservación del paisaje y la innovación de en los productos mediante el apoyo a nichos de mercado.Read the free Plain Language Summary for this article on the Journal blog.Abstract Farming systems of high natural and cultural value represent approximately 30% of farmlands in the European Union and are associated with a high species and habitat diversity and/or the presence of species of European conservation concern. This study aims to synthesize the existing knowledge on the assessment of biodiversity and ecosystem services, the social‐ecological drivers of change and the innovations developed around high nature value (HNV) farming systems. We performed a systematic review of scholarly publications in English reporting empirical studies of HNV farmland in Europe. Information was extracted from 178 articles. We employed a multiple correspondence analysis and a hierarchical cluster analysis to uncover patterns in the assessment of ecosystem services and biodiversity in the HNV farming literature. A qualitative analysis of open text on challenges provided insight into drivers and their interactions. Similarly, open texts on main lessons learnt and recommendations allowed us to explore innovations. Most of the studies ( n = 122, 69%) assessed the dimensions related to biodiversity in which grassland and bird diversity dominated. Six clusters were disentangled. The predominant biophysical assessment of plant diversity was generally grouped into clusters 1 and 2, while less common approaches were found in the remaining clusters, which tackled social dimensions (cluster 3), considered a wider set of biodiversity groups (cluster 5), or ecosystem services beyond provisioning services, either from a sociocultural perspective (cluster 4) or from a biophysical perspective (cluster 6). Direct drivers of change in land use in HNV farming systems are mostly related to abandonment and intensification processes. Among the indirect drivers of change, policy and institutional drivers were addressed in one‐third of the studies, with the Common Agricultural Policy being the most common driver in this category. Innovations were mostly related to technological innovations, while a limited number of articles were related to social, institutional and marketing innovations. Advisory services and knowledge transfer can have transformative potential to avoid the exclusion of marginalised farmers from being subsidised. Synergies can be promoted in policy mixes to jointly address landscape conservation and product innovation by supporting niche markets. Read the free Plain Language Summary for this article on the Journal blog.Resumen Los sistemas agrarios de alto valor natural y cultural representan aproximadamente el 30% de las tierras de cultivo de la Unión Europea y están asociados a una elevada diversidad de especies y hábitats y/o a la presencia de especies cuya conservación es motivo de preocupación en Europa. Este estudio pretende sintetizar los conocimientos existentes sobre la evaluación de la biodiversidad y los servicios ecosistémicos, los motores socioecológicos del cambio y las innovaciones desarrolladas en torno a los sistemas agrarios de alto valor natural (AVN). Se realizó una revisión sistemática de las publicaciones académicas en inglés que informaban de estudios empíricos sobre las tierras de cultivo de alto valor natural en Europa. Se extrajo información de 178 artículos. Se empleó un análisis de correspondencias múltiples y un análisis jerárquico de conglomerados para descubrir patrones en la evaluación de los servicios ecosistémicos y la biodiversidad en la bibliografía sobre sistemas AVN. Un análisis cualitativo de los textos de los artículos sobre los desafíos que enfrentan estos sistemas permitió conocer los factores impulsores y sus interacciones. Del mismo modo, los textos abiertos sobre las principales lecciones aprendidas y recomendaciones nos permitieron explorar las innovaciones. La mayoría de los estudios ( n = 122, 69%) evaluaron las dimensiones relacionadas con la biodiversidad en las que predominaban el estudio de la diversidad en pastos y aves. Se distinguieron seis conglomerados. La evaluación biofísica de la diversidad vegetal se agrupó generalmente en los conglomerados 1 y 2, mientras que se encontraron enfoques menos comunes en los conglomerados restantes que abordaban las dimensiones sociales (conglomerado 3), consideraban un conjunto más amplio de grupos de biodiversidad (conglomerado 5) o los servicios ecosistémicos más allá de los servicios de aprovisionamiento, ya fuera desde una perspectiva sociocultural (conglomerado 4) o desde una perspectiva biofísica (conglomerado 6). Los impulsores directos del cambio en el uso de la tierra en los sistemas AVN están relacionados principalmente con los procesos de abandono e intensificación. Entre los impulsores indirectos del cambio, los impulsores políticos e institucionales se abordaron en un tercio de los estudios, siendo la Política Agrícola Común el impulsor más común en esta categoría. Las innovaciones estaban relacionadas sobre todo con innovaciones tecnológicas, mientras que un número limitado de artículos se refería a innovaciones sociales, institucionales y de marketing. Los servicios de asesoramiento y la transferencia de conocimientos pueden tener un potencial transformador para evitar la exclusión de los agricultores marginados de las subvenciones. La políticas pueden promover sinergias para abordar conjuntamente la conservación del paisaje y la innovación de en los productos mediante el apoyo a nichos de mercado.Read the free Plain Language Summary for this article on the Journal blog.Abstract Farming systems of high natural and cultural value represent approximately 30% of farmlands in the European Union and are associated with a high species and habitat diversity and/or the presence of species of European conservation concern. This study aims to synthesize the existing knowledge on the assessment of biodiversity and ecosystem services, the social‐ecological drivers of change and the innovations developed around high nature value (HNV) farming systems. We performed a systematic review of scholarly publications in English reporting empirical studies of HNV farmland in Europe. Information was extracted from 178 articles. We employed a multiple correspondence analysis and a hierarchical cluster analysis to uncover patterns in the assessment of ecosystem services and biodiversity in the HNV farming literature. A qualitative analysis of open text on challenges provided insight into drivers and their interactions. Similarly, open texts on main lessons learnt and recommendations allowed us to explore innovations. Most of the studies ( n = 122, 69%) assessed the dimensions related to biodiversity in which grassland and bird diversity dominated. Six clusters were disentangled. The predominant biophysical assessment of plant diversity was generally grouped into clusters 1 and 2, while less common approaches were found in the remaining clusters, which tackled social dimensions (cluster 3), considered a wider set of biodiversity groups (cluster 5), or ecosystem services beyond provisioning services, either from a sociocultural perspective (cluster 4) or from a biophysical perspective (cluster 6). Direct drivers of change in land use in HNV farming systems are mostly related to abandonment and intensification processes. Among the indirect drivers of change, policy and institutional drivers were addressed in one‐third of the studies, with the Common Agricultural Policy being the most common driver in this category. Innovations were mostly related to technological innovations, while a limited number of articles were related to social, institutional and marketing innovations. Advisory services and knowledge transfer can have transformative potential to avoid the exclusion of marginalised farmers from being subsidised. Synergies can be promoted in policy mixes to jointly address landscape conservation and product innovation by supporting niche markets. Read the free Plain Language Summary for this article on the Journal blog.Resumen Los sistemas agrarios de alto valor natural y cultural representan aproximadamente el 30% de las tierras de cultivo de la Unión Europea y están asociados a una elevada diversidad de especies y hábitats y/o a la presencia de especies cuya conservación es motivo de preocupación en Europa. Este estudio pretende sintetizar los conocimientos existentes sobre la evaluación de la biodiversidad y los servicios ecosistémicos, los motores socioecológicos del cambio y las innovaciones desarrolladas en torno a los sistemas agrarios de alto valor natural (AVN). Se realizó una revisión sistemática de las publicaciones académicas en inglés que informaban de estudios empíricos sobre las tierras de cultivo de alto valor natural en Europa. Se extrajo información de 178 artículos. Se empleó un análisis de correspondencias múltiples y un análisis jerárquico de conglomerados para descubrir patrones en la evaluación de los servicios ecosistémicos y la biodiversidad en la bibliografía sobre sistemas AVN. Un análisis cualitativo de los textos de los artículos sobre los desafíos que enfrentan estos sistemas permitió conocer los factores impulsores y sus interacciones. Del mismo modo, los textos abiertos sobre las principales lecciones aprendidas y recomendaciones nos permitieron explorar las innovaciones. La mayoría de los estudios ( n = 122, 69%) evaluaron las dimensiones relacionadas con la biodiversidad en las que predominaban el estudio de la diversidad en pastos y aves. Se distinguieron seis conglomerados. La evaluación biofísica de la diversidad vegetal se agrupó generalmente en los conglomerados 1 y 2, mientras que se encontraron enfoques menos comunes en los conglomerados restantes que abordaban las dimensiones sociales (conglomerado 3), consideraban un conjunto más amplio de grupos de biodiversidad (conglomerado 5) o los servicios ecosistémicos más allá de los servicios de aprovisionamiento, ya fuera desde una perspectiva sociocultural (conglomerado 4) o desde una perspectiva biofísica (conglomerado 6). Los impulsores directos del cambio en el uso de la tierra en los sistemas AVN están relacionados principalmente con los procesos de abandono e intensificación. Entre los impulsores indirectos del cambio, los impulsores políticos e institucionales se abordaron en un tercio de los estudios, siendo la Política Agrícola Común el impulsor más común en esta categoría. Las innovaciones estaban relacionadas sobre todo con innovaciones tecnológicas, mientras que un número limitado de artículos se refería a innovaciones sociales, institucionales y de marketing. Los servicios de asesoramiento y la transferencia de conocimientos pueden tener un potencial transformador para evitar la exclusión de los agricultores marginados de las subvenciones. La políticas pueden promover sinergias para abordar conjuntamente la conservación del paisaje y la innovación de en los productos mediante el apoyo a nichos de mercado.Read the free Plain Language Summary for this article on the Journal blog.Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft https://doi.org/10.13039/50110000165
Accuracy of ICD-10 Codes for Suicidal Ideation and Action in Pediatric Emergency Department Encounters
No full textObjectives: According to the ideation-to-action framework of suicidality, suicidal ideation and suicidal action arise via distinct trajectories. Studying suicidality under this framework requires accurate identification of both ideation and action. We sought to assess the accuracy of International Classification of Diseases, 10th Revision, Clinical Modification (ICD-10-CM) codes for suicidal ideation and action in emergency department encounters. Methods: Accuracy of ICD-10-CM coding for suicidality was assessed through chart review of clinical notes for 205 emergency department encounters among patients 6–18 years old at a large academic pediatric hospital between June 1, 2016 and June 1, 2022. Physician notes were reviewed for documentation of past or present suicidal ideation, suicidal action, or both. The study cohort consisted of 103 randomly selected “cases,” or encounters assigned at least 1 ICD-10-CM code for suicidality, and 102 propensity-matched “noncases” lacking ICD-10-CM codes. Accuracy of ICD-10-CM codes was assessed using sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value, and negative predictive value. Results: Against a gold standard chart review, the positive predictive value for ICD-10-CM suicidality codes was 86.9% (95% confidence interval [CI]: 84.5%–89.3%), and the negative predictive value was 76.2% (95% CI: 73.2%–79.2%). Nearly half of encounters involving suicidality were not captured by ICD-10-CM coding (sensitivity = 53.4%; 95% CI: 49.9%–56.9%). Sensitivity was higher for ideation-present (82.4%, 95% CI: 77.7%–87.1%) than for action-present (33.7%, 95% CI: 27.9%–39.5%) or action-past (20.4%, 95% CI: 15.5%–25.3%). Conclusions: Many cases of suicidality may be missed by relying on only ICD-10-CM codes. Accuracy of ICD-10-CM codes is high for suicidal ideation but low for action. To scale the ideation-to-action model for use in large populations, better data sources are needed to identify cases of suicidal action
An Updated Simplified Energy Yield Model for Recent Photovoltaic Module Technologies
No full textABSTRACT The European Commission's Photovoltaic Geographic Information System (PVGIS) uses a simplified solar energy yield model to provide quick and reliable data on the potential performance of photovoltaic (PV) systems. This study looks at the recalibration of the model for modern module technologies, using power matrix datasets produced by the European Solar test Installation (ESTI) for seven crystalline silicon (cSi), two cadmium telluride (CdTe) and three copper indium diselenide (CIS) modules. The results show that the PVGIS power performance model with updated coefficients can provide a good description of the power output of the modern crystalline silicon (cSi) modules, with a mean absolute bias error (MABE) of less than 1% in almost all cases, against an MABE of over 3.5% with the current coefficients. The updated coefficients allow the model to better capture the improved temperature coefficients and low light performance. As a result, there will be a slight increase in the energy yield estimates. For the thin film technologies, the updated coefficients allow for a more accurate description of current data sets, but more data for modules from recent production series would be desirable to further increase the model's applicability
Follicle architecture and innervation of functionally distinct rat vibrissae
No full textThe vibrissa follicle is a complex mechanotransducer with intricate accessory structures such as vibrissa, ring sinus and ringwulst as well as rich innervation by diverse afferent types. Establishing how afferent types and accessory structures operate together to derive specific kinds of sensory information has been challenging, because we often lack precise information on afferent types, accessory structures and vibrissa function. Here we address this challenge by synchrotron X-ray imaging of vibrissa follicles of rat vibrissae with distinct function. Specifically, we characterize accessory structures and trace myelinated axons of the all-purpose-sensing C2-, an object-sensing micro-, the wind-sensing supraorbital- and the ground-sensing trident-vibrissa. We find that while vibrissa length and follicle size differ widely across these vibrissae, the ringwulst and the associated club-like afferents are of near constant diameter and height and appear to form a non-scalable sensory module. The two longer vibrissae (supraorbital and C2 vibrissa) have noticeably more club like afferents, suggesting a special role of the ringwulst in transducing presumably smaller deflection angles encountered by long sensory hairs. The trident vibrissa receives overall few afferents, which are strongly polarized to the posterior vibrissa-shaft, a putative specialization to sensing forward-egomotion. We conclude that high-resolution structural analysis allows relating follicle architecture and function
How can i trust you? The development of trust in autonomous vehicles
No full texthttp://dx.doi.org/10.13039/501100003385 Georg-August-Universität Göttinge