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Does adoption of zero tillage reduce crop residue burning? Evidence from satellite remote sensing and household survey data in India
No full textDetermining vessel characteristics and occlusions of hybrid poplar genotypes ( Populus × canadensis Moench)
No full textGerman Research Foundation 10.13039/50110000165
Upgrade of the Belle II Vertex Detector with Depleted Monolithic Active Pixel Sensors
No full textAbstract The Belle II experiment, operating at the SuperKEKB e + e - collider, is developing a new pixelated vertex detector (VTX) to handle an higher luminosity, up to 6 × 10 35 cm -2 s -1 . The VTX will feature 5–6 layers, with a material budget under 3% of X 0 , and will utilize depleted monolithic active pixel sensors. The chip developed for the upgrade of the vertex detector, OBELIX, is based on the TJ-Monopix2 sensor which uses Tower Semiconductor 180 nm CMOS process. OBELIX sensor offers a 33 μm pitch, 50 ns time-stamping, and a digital trigger logic that matches Belle II's 30 kHz trigger rate. The sensor is designed to withstand radiation levels up to 5 × 10 14 n eq /cm 2 and 1 MGy while maintaining low power dissipation (200 mW/cm 2 ). This paper outlines the motivation for the upgrade and the VTX concept, and presents characterisation results and beam test campaigns on the TJ-Monopix2 sensor, including both non-irradiated and irradiated samples, which are crucial for validating key performance characteristics for the OBELIX design
From selective permeation to physiology in potassium channels
No full textAbstract Highly K+-selective potassium channels are essential for electrical signaling The high selectivity of most K+ channels, with relative K+: Na+ permeabilities being as high as 100-1000:1 arises from the conserved so-called K+ channel selectivity filter (SF). Structural and computational studies have shown how the SF forms multiple sites that coordinate K+, by mimicking the water dipoles that coordinate K+ ions in solution, and thermodynamically favoring the binding of K+ over Na+. Selective conduction of K+ ions then results from a “knock-on” mechanism, whereby entering ions destabilize the next ion in the file. This review highlights key biophysical and biochemical research that provides insights to the atomic details of these processes. It then discusses how mutations that alter K+ selectivity and permeation in different K+ channels underlie multiple simple and complex diseases, illustrating how selectivity and permeation are central to physiology and to pathophysiology, and important for physiologists to be aware of
#1294 Albuminuria predicts GFR-decline in patients with Alport syndrome
No full textAbstract Background and Aims Chronic kidney disease (CKD) significantly impacts health and lifespan, but its progression remains difficult to predict. Therefore, there is a crucial need for biomarkers that can identify adults at high risk for rapid CKD decline. Alport syndrome (AS), the most common inherited glomerular kidney disease, exemplifies this challenge. While some patients experience rapid progression, others exhibit a more gradual decline in kidney function. This study investigates the potential of routinely measured urinary proteins as predictors of kidney function decline. Method This observational, non-interventional, retrospective study investigated 127 patients with AS at two German centers at different stages of the disease. Receiver operator characteristic (ROC) curves were drawn for the discrimination of fast vs not fast eGFR decline. For each potential biomarker proteinuria, albuminuria, IgG, IgG positivity, and alpha1-microglobulin (a1M) positivity, yearly eGFR loss was modelled using center, mode of inheritance, gender, age, renin-angiotensin-system inhibition (RASi), baseline eGFR and the biomarker as predictors in a linear regression model. Results After a mean follow up of 42 ± 26 months, 40% of the patients had fast eGFR decline (defined as loss of more than 3 mL/min/1.73m2 per year) and 24% of the patients had rapid eGFR decline (defined as loss of more than 6 mL/min/1.73 m2 per year). Albuminuria had the highest negative correlation with change of eGFR (ρ = −0.435, P < 0.001; n = 109). Proteinuria, urinary IgG, and urinary a1M also showed negative correlations with the change in eGFR. After adjusting for age, gender, RASi, mode of inheritance and eGFR, in a multiple linear regression model, albuminuria was a significant predictor of yearly eGFR loss (P < 0.001). ROC curve analysis further confirmed this association, showing a significant relationship between albuminuria and rapid eGFR decline (AUC = 0.779, P < 0.001), with cutoff of 1059.5 mg/g creatinine at the Youden index (sensitivity: 80.8%; specificity: 73.7%). Urinary IgG had the highest sensitivity to identify patients with rapid renal function decline. Conclusion In this study, the amount of albuminuria was the best predictor of the loss of kidney function in patients with AS. Combined measurement of albuminuria and urinary IgG may identify patients with the most rapid decline in renal function. Following validation in a prospective cohort, this approach could be used to identify patients who could potentially benefit from closer monitoring and earlier intervention. Furthermore, albuminuria might be utilized as a surrogate parameter in clinical trials involving patients with AS
EP12.15 THE CORRELATION OF OBESITY AND INCIDENCE OF GLIOBLASTOMA WHO GRADE 4
No full textAbstract BACKGROUND Glioblastoma (GBM) is the most common and aggressive primary brain neoplasia in adults. In recent years, a correlation of obesity and an incidence of tumors was shown for many solid cancers, including brain tumors. The present study aimed at determining the effects of lifestyle and dietary habits in the development of Glioblastoma WHO 4 and their effect in the overallsurvival after the operation. MATERIAL AND METHODS A retrospective review was performed for all patients with a histologically proven and first-diagnosed GBM between 2019 and 2023 in our department. Clinical and paraclinical parameters were acquired from patient documentation. Our study includes patients first diagnosed with primary GBM WHO Grade 4, IDH wildtype. Individuals with a secondary GBM or missing preoperative data were excluded. Data analysis of each patient included gender, age, BMI, Karnofsky performance score, tumor location and postoperative survival time. RESULTS In this study, 101 patients with a first diagnosed primary GBM were included (54 males, 47 females; mean age of 62.7 years, and range 33 to 82 years). All patients got a gross total resection. All of them received the standard adjuvant treatment according to Stupp et al. 52 Patients were overweight- Class I obesity, 18 patients had class II. Only 2 Patients were underweight and 29 patients had a normal weight. Ca. 69,3% of the patients with GBM were obese. Our study shows that there is an association between glioblastoma and overweight. Normal weight patients had a mean overall survival of 386.7, the obese patients had a mean OS of 463 days. 22 of the obese patients (from 70, ca. 31.4%) had an OS over mean OS (>463 days). This shows that the obesity does not impact the overallsurvival. CONCLUSION Our study finds an association of patient’s BMI with GBM’s incidence, but doesn’t show a relationship between BMI and OS
Universal quench dynamics of q -fermion Yukawa-Sachdev-Ye-Kitaev models
No full textWe study the quantum quench of the Yukawa-Sachdev-Ye-Kitaev model and one of its random hopping extensions with q fermions and one boson. Several equilibrium properties are computed for general q with different parameter scaling within the large- N dynamical mean-field scheme. The non-Fermi liquid quench dynamics are studied by integrating the Kadanoff-Baym equations for switching off the random hopping term with constant Yukawa coupling or quenching to different final Yukawa couplings. The postquench oscillations and relaxation dynamics are insensitive to the quench amplitudes deep inside the non-Fermi liquid phase. With weak hopping coupling quenches, we find universal thermalization dynamics similar to the SYK model; however, with two temperatures and two distinct relaxation rates for bosons and fermions, both signal Planckian relaxations without quasiparticles, as in strange metals.Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft http://dx.doi.org/10.13039/501100001659Georg-August-Universität Göttingen http://dx.doi.org/10.13039/50110000338
Charged-hadron and identified-hadron ( K S 0 , Λ , Ξ − ) yield measurements in photonuclear Pb + Pb and p + Pb collisions at s N N = 5.02 TeV with ATLAS
No full textThis paper presents the measurement of charged-hadron and identified-hadron ( K S 0 , Λ , Ξ − ) yields in photonuclear collisions using 1.7 nb − 1 of s N N = 5.02 TeV Pb + Pb data collected in 2018 with the ATLAS detector at the Large Hadron Collider. Candidate photonuclear events are selected using a combination of tracking and calorimeter information, including the zero-degree calorimeter. The yields as a function of transverse momentum and rapidity are measured in these photonuclear collisions as a function of charged-particle multiplicity. These photonuclear results are compared with 0.1 nb − 1 of s N N = 5.02 TeV p + Pb data collected in 2016 by ATLAS using similar charged-particle multiplicity selections. These photonuclear measurements shed light on potential quark-gluon plasma formation in photonuclear collisions via observables sensitive to radial flow, enhanced baryon-to-meson ratios, and strangeness enhancement. The results are also compared with the Monte Carlo generator and hydrodynamic calculations to test whether such photonuclear collisions may produce small droplets of quark-gluon plasma that flow collectively.Agencia Nacional de Promoción Científica y Tecnológica http://dx.doi.org/10.13039/501100003074Australian Research Council http://dx.doi.org/10.13039/501100000923Bundesministerium für Wissenschaft, Forschung und Wirtschaft http://dx.doi.org/10.13039/501100003413Austrian Science Fund http://dx.doi.org/10.13039/501100002428Arizona-Nevada Academy of Science http://dx.doi.org/10.13039/100011590Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico http://dx.doi.org/10.13039/501100003593Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo http://dx.doi.org/10.13039/501100001807Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada http://dx.doi.org/10.13039/501100000038National Research Council Canada http://dx.doi.org/10.13039/501100000046Canada Foundation for Innovation http://dx.doi.org/10.13039/501100000196Agencia Nacional de Investigación y Desarrollo http://dx.doi.org/10.13039/501100020884Chinese Academy of Sciences http://dx.doi.org/10.13039/501100002367Ministry of Science and Technology of the People's Republic of China http://dx.doi.org/10.13039/501100002855Ministerio de Ciencia, Tecnología e Innovación http://dx.doi.org/10.13039/100022965Ministerstvo Školství, Mládeže a Tělovýchovy http://dx.doi.org/10.13039/501100001823Danmarks Grundforskningsfond http://dx.doi.org/10.13039/501100001732Bundesministerium für Bildung und Forschung http://dx.doi.org/10.13039/501100002347Max-Planck-Gesellschaft http://dx.doi.org/10.13039/501100004189General Secretariat for Research and Innovation http://dx.doi.org/10.13039/501100003448Israel Academy of Sciences and Humanities http://dx.doi.org/10.13039/501100003973Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare Sezione di Padova http://dx.doi.org/10.13039/100015972Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology http://dx.doi.org/10.13039/501100001700Centre National pour la Recherche Scientifique et Technique http://dx.doi.org/10.13039/501100006319Nederlandse Organisatie voor Wetenschappelijk Onderzoek http://dx.doi.org/10.13039/501100003246Ministerstwo Edukacji i Nauki http://dx.doi.org/10.13039/501100004569Nuclear Fuel Cycle and Supply Chain http://dx.doi.org/10.13039/100006129Institutul de Fizică Atomică http://dx.doi.org/10.13039/501100019278Javna Agencija za Raziskovalno Dejavnost RS http://dx.doi.org/10.13039/501100004329Department of Science and Innovation, South Africa http://dx.doi.org/10.13039/100016962National Research Foundation http://dx.doi.org/10.13039/501100001321Agencia Estatal de Investigación http://dx.doi.org/10.13039/501100011033Berit Wallenbergs Stiftelse http://dx.doi.org/10.13039/100031203Singapore Eye Research Institute http://dx.doi.org/10.13039/501100001468National Science and Technology Council http://dx.doi.org/10.13039/100020595Türkiye Enerji, Nükleer ve Maden Araştırma Kurumu http://dx.doi.org/10.13039/100020381Science and Technology Facilities Council http://dx.doi.org/10.13039/501100000271UK Research and Innovation http://dx.doi.org/10.13039/100014013Canarie http://dx.doi.org/10.13039/100008313European Cooperation in Science and Technology http://dx.doi.org/10.13039/501100000921H2020 Marie Skłodowska-Curie Actions http://dx.doi.org/10.13039/100010665National Natural Science Foundation of China http://dx.doi.org/10.13039/501100001809Grantová Agentura České Republiky http://dx.doi.org/10.13039/501100001824Ministry of Education, Youth and Science http://dx.doi.org/10.13039/501100003335H2020 European Research Council http://dx.doi.org/10.13039/100010663European Regional Development Fund http://dx.doi.org/10.13039/501100008530NextGenerationEU http://dx.doi.org/10.13039/100031478Agence Nationale de la Recherche http://dx.doi.org/10.13039/501100001665Baden-Württemberg Stiftung http://dx.doi.org/10.13039/100008316Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft http://dx.doi.org/10.13039/501100001659Research Grants Council, University Grants Committee http://dx.doi.org/10.13039/501100002920Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare http://dx.doi.org/10.13039/501100013168Ministero dell'Università e della Ricerca http://dx.doi.org/10.13039/501100021856Japan Society for the Promotion of Science http://dx.doi.org/10.13039/501100001691Norges Forskningsråd http://dx.doi.org/10.13039/501100005416Narodowe Centrum Nauki http://dx.doi.org/10.13039/501100004281Fundação para a Ciência e a Tecnologia http://dx.doi.org/10.13039/501100001871Generalitat Valenciana http://dx.doi.org/10.13039/501100003359Federación Española de Enfermedades Raras http://dx.doi.org/10.13039/501100002924Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovación http://dx.doi.org/10.13039/501100004837Carl Tryggers Stiftelse för Vetenskaplig Forskning http://dx.doi.org/10.13039/501100002805Vetenskapsrådet http://dx.doi.org/10.13039/501100004359Knut och Alice Wallenbergs Stiftelse http://dx.doi.org/10.13039/501100004063Schweizerischer Nationalfonds zur Förderung der Wissenschaftlichen Forschung http://dx.doi.org/10.13039/501100001711Leverhulme Trust http://dx.doi.org/10.13039/501100000275Royal Society http://dx.doi.org/10.13039/501100000288U.S. Department of Energy http://dx.doi.org/10.13039/100000015Neubauer Family Foundation http://dx.doi.org/10.13039/10001909
An Overview of West African Traditional Soft Cheese: Processing, Safety, and Quality Characteristics
No full textABSTRACT West African soft cheese (WASC) is widely consumed and nutritionally valuable across West Africa. It also sustains livelihoods, particularly among Fulani households, by providing regular income for women and strengthens household food security and autonomy. However, concerns persist about its safety and quality. A scoping review was conducted to synthesize evidence on WASC processing, safety, and quality. The findings showed that cow's milk (88.6%) and Calotropis procera (77.1%) were the predominant milk source and coagulant, respectively. Two research areas contribute to about one third of the total articles reviewed: alternative coagulants (22.9%) and partial substitution of cow's milk (11.4%). Among the various coagulants tested, only Carica papaya consistently achieved yields comparable to Cal. procera . Partial substitution with plant‐based milks differentially influenced yield and composition. Findings indicated frequent microbiological hazards in market‐sold WASC, with aerobic plate counts often exceeding limits and recurrent reports of coliforms and pathogens (e.g., Escherichia coli , Salmonella ). In contrast, WASC produced under controlled laboratory conditions showed low aerobic counts and the absence of coliforms. In general, reporting quality was a major limitation, as most of the studies reviewed failed in reporting key processing parameters such as heating temperatures and times, coagulant concentration, and coagulation time, factors essential for assessing and reproducing cheese quality. In conclusion, this review underscores the urgent need for hygiene interventions across the value chain. Moreover, comprehensive research is needed to assess how different coagulants, extraction methods, heating conditions, and the alternatives could affect the yield, sensory characteristics, and overall quality of WASC
Translational Remodeling of the Synaptic Proteome During Aging
No full textABSTRACT An important hallmark of aging is the loss of proteostasis, which can lead to the formation of protein aggregates and mitochondrial dysfunction in neurons. Although it is well known that protein synthesis is finely regulated in the brain, especially at synapses, where mRNAs are locally translated in an activity‐dependent manner, little is known as to the changes in the synaptic proteome and transcriptome during aging. Therefore, this work aims to elucidate the relationship between the transcriptome and proteome at the soma and synaptic levels during aging. Proteomic and transcriptomic data analysis reveal that, in young animals, proteins and transcripts are correlated and synaptic regulation is driven by changes in the soma. During aging, there is a decoupling between transcripts and proteins and between somatic and synaptic compartments. Furthermore, the soma‐synapse gradient of ribosomal genes changes upon aging, that is, ribosomal transcripts are less abundant and ribosomal proteins are more abundant in the synaptic compartment of old mice with respect to younglings. Additionally, transcriptomics data highlight a difference in the splicing of certain synaptic mRNA with aging. Taken together, our data provide a valuable resource for the study of the aging synapse