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Search for a new pseudoscalar decaying into a pair of bottom and antibottom quarks in top-associated production in s = 13 TeV proton–proton collisions with the ATLAS detector
No full textAbstract A search for a pseudoscalar a produced in association with a top-quark pair, or in association with a single top quark plus a W boson, with the pseudoscalar decaying into b-quarks ( a → b b ¯ ), is performed using the full Run 2 data sample using a dileptonic decay mode signature. The search covers pseudoscalar boson masses between 12 and 100 GeV and involves both the kinematic regime where the decay products of the pseudoscalar are reconstructed as two standard b-tagged small-radius jets, or merged into a large-radius jet due to its Lorentz boost. No significant excess relative to expectations is observed. Assuming a branching ratio BR ( a → b b ¯ ) = 100 % , the range of pseudoscalar masses between 50 and 80 GeV is excluded at 95% confidence level for a coupling of the pseudoscalar to the top quark of 0.5, while a coupling of 1.0 is excluded at 95% confidence level for the masses considered, with the coupling defined as the strength modifier of the Standard Model Yukawa coupling
Ergebnisse einer Aktenanalyse
No full textDer Beitrag enthält Ergebnisse aus einem Teilvorhaben des Forschungsverbunds MOTRA. Zunächst werden Daten zur Häufigkeit von Ermittlungsverfahren der Bundesanwaltschaft mit Bezug zu Terrorismus und Extremismus vorgestellt. Anschließend werden Auswertungen von 141 Verfahren aus einer Aktenanalyse zum Terrorismusstrafrecht geschildert, insbesondere zu den Delikten mit jihadistischem Hintergrund, zu den Verurteilungen und zu den beschuldigten Personen
Structure Determination from Single-Molecule X-ray Scattering Images Using Stochastic Gradient Ascent
No full textScattering experiments using ultrashort X-ray free electron laser (XFEL) pulses have
opened a new path for structure determination of a wide variety of specimens, including
nano-crystals and entire viruses, approaching atomistic spatial and femtoseconds time
resolution. However, random and unknown sample orientations as well as low signal
to noise ratios have so far prevented a successful application to smaller specimens like
single biomolecules. We here present resolution-annealed stochastic gradient ascent
(RASTA), a new approach for direct atomistic electron density determination, which
utilizes our recently developed rigorous Bayesian treatment of single-particle X-ray
scattering. We demonstrate electron density determination at 2Å resolution of various
small proteins from synthetic scattering images with as low as 15 photons per image
Social evaluation of skill and competence in primates
No full textSocial life is a continuous interplay of observing and interacting with conspecifics, predicting their behavior, and responding to their actions. This review explores the concept of social evaluation, which we construe as the cognitive process of acquiring and processing social information to generate social knowledge. Social evaluation has been a topic of interest in various research streams, including behavioral ecology, behavioral economics, developmental psychology, and comparative psychology. We review studies on the attribution of prosociality and competence in humans and nonhuman animals and then outline the cognitive mechanisms invoked in social evaluation. We focus on how animals assess skill and competence, drawing on our studies of chimpanzees, macaques, and baboons. The animals used outcome-based learning and inference-based processes to evaluate others, but distinguishing between different cognitive mechanisms remains challenging. We discuss the limitations of current methodologies, including experimental constraints in both captive and wild settings. Finally, we advocate for a unified framework, emphasizing the need to integrate both proximate and ultimate perspectives in studies of social evaluation
Reluctant participants? Weather extremes and ESG inconsistencies
No full texthttp://dx.doi.org/10.13039/501100003385 University of Göttinge
Assessing blue growth in coastal China: Spatio-temporal disparities and guidance for sustainable marine governance
No full texthttp://dx.doi.org/10.13039/501100003385 University of Göttingenhttp://dx.doi.org/10.13039/501100002338 Ministry of Education of the People's Republic of Chinahttp://dx.doi.org/10.13039/501100013139 Humanities and Social Science Fund of Ministry of Education of the People's Republic of Chin
Randomized investigation of heart failure therapy in patients with advanced cancer at risk of cardiac wasting: Rationale and design of the EMPATICC trial
No full textABSTRACT Aims End‐stage cancer may resemble a heart failure (HF)‐like phenotype marked by cardiac wasting, dysfunction, and symptoms such as dyspnoea, congestion, and impaired physical function. The EMPATICC (EMPower the heArt of patients with TermInal Cancer using Cardiac medicines) trial evaluates the safety and efficacy of optimized HF therapy in patients with advanced cancer to improve self‐care ability. Methods EMPATICC is a multicentre, investigator‐initiated, randomized, double‐blind, controlled, proof‐of‐concept trial employing a joint cardio‐oncology care approach. Patients were randomized 1:1 to optimized HF therapy (sacubitril/valsartan, empagliflozin, ivabradine, ferric carboxymaltose) plus usual care, or usual care alone, for 30 days, followed by a 30‐day open‐label extension. Eligible patients had stage IV solid tumours (per Union for International Cancer Control), were receiving palliative care, had a 1–6 month life expectancy, and were on optimized analgesia. At baseline, first patients had to meet ≥2 criteria of the following indicating cardiovascular risk: heart rate ≥70 bpm, N‐terminal pro‐B‐type natriuretic peptide ≥600 pg/ml, elevated high‐sensitivity troponin, left ventricular ejection fraction 15%, transferrin saturation <20%, or moderate/high likelihood of HF with preserved ejection fraction (based on the HFA‐PEFF score); and they had to meet at least one criterion of the following indicating functional limitation: ≥6 s to walk 4 m, inability to wash ≥3 days of the last 7 days, or symptoms of dyspnoea at rest. Enrolment ended 30 January 2025; 93 patients completed randomization. The primary endpoint is a hierarchical composite (analysed by win ratio): (1) days alive and able to wash, (2) 4 m walking ability, and (3) patient global assessment of well‐being. Conclusions EMPATICC evaluates whether HF therapy can improve function and well‐being in advanced cancer, potentially reshaping care in this population
Criminal Behavior in Frontotemporal Dementia: A Multimodal MRI Study
No full textABSTRACT The behavioral variant of frontotemporal dementia (bvFTD) is related to a variety of social misbehaviors, including criminal behavior (CB) due to deep changes in cognition, behavior, and personality. Recent work suggests that impairment in emotional processing, along with disinhibition, constitutes the necessary elements for CB in bvFTD. However, the underlying neurobiological mechanisms are still unclear. Therefore, we aim at investigating structural and functional brain changes related to CB in bvFTD using magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) with the German Consortium for Frontotemporal Lobar Degeneration (FTLD). Our study comprised 87 patients with bvFTD and 26 healthy controls recruited within different locations of the FTLD Consortium. A subset of 21 patients with bvFTD showed CB, including theft, physical violence, sexual assault, drug abuse, and violations against traffic law. Voxel‐based morphometry was performed, generating gray matter density (GMD) images obtained from high‐resolution T1‐weighted MR images. In addition, surface‐based morphometry was performed by reconstruction of cortical thickness using a projection‐based thickness approach. Both GMD and cortical thickness were further analyzed in order to detect group differences between bvFTD with and without CB. Resting‐state functional MRI was available for a subgroup of 56 patients with bvFTD, including 16 patients showing CB. On a behavioral level, CB in bvFTD was associated with a higher frequency of disinhibition, lower frequency of apathy, and better performance in verbal fluency. Comparing bvFTD with and without CB, we obtained reduced GMD and reduced cortical thickness in the temporal lobe, predominantly in the left hemisphere. Impairment in brain structure was correlated with the Frontal Systems Behavior Scale, particularly with disinhibition, in the left superior temporal gyrus in interaction with CB in bvFTD. Investigating functional MRI data, CB was associated with significant functional brain dysconnectivity, particularly between the left anterior superior temporal gyrus and widely distributed cortical regions, including areas in the vicinity of the precentral sulcus and the inferior frontal junction, related to executive functions. Our study revealed structural and functional brain differences between bvFTD with and without CB, showing CB‐related reduced GMD and cortical thickness in the left temporal lobe, indicating disinhibition as the main driver for CB. Interestingly, brain degeneration in the temporal lobe is discussed with CB in bvFTD in the current literature, dominantly affecting the right hemisphere. Our study investigates specifically the neural correlates of CB in bvFTD with MRI, modifying this view. Further work is necessary to shed more light on the role of the temporal lobe in bvFTD with CB