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Resuming topics and foci: Anyi, Baule and microvariation in Kwa languages
No full textAbstract Left peripheral topics and foci often differ with respect to resumption: in languages such as Italian, Tzotzil Maya, and Warlpiri, while fronted topics may be co-indexed with a pronominal form in the corresponding argument position, fronted foci correspond to a gap. However, this contrast does not universally apply. In languages such as Anyi and Baule, two Kwa languages of Côte d’Ivoire, subjects and animate objects must be resumed by a pronoun whenever they appear in the left periphery – independent of information structure. The question is whether this instance of cross-linguistic variation arises through differences in the syntax of left peripheral positions in various languages or in the conditions of resumption. The present study examines data from Kwa languages and concludes that the difference lies in the conditions of resumption, which are orthogonal to the syntactic differences between topics and foci. Resumptives have a dual nature in these languages, serving as anaphoric constants (true resumptives) in topicalization and as bound variables (apparent resumptives) in focus constructions. A survey of the relevant facts in further Kwa languages reveals that resumption is determined by factors that are independent from information structure and relate to the recoverability of empty argument positions.DAA
Engagement in a web-based intervention for individuals who committed sexual offenses against children: observational study
No full textAbstract Web-based interventions have been shown to be effective for various health and mental health problems. However, the effectiveness of interventions is often limited by the fact that individuals do not start or complete them. Using data from an intermediate analysis of the randomized placebo-controlled clinical trial to evaluate the effectiveness of @myTabu, the current study investigated engagement with a web-based intervention for 113 individuals convicted of child sexual abuse and/or for child sexual exploitation material. @myTabu is a human-supported, web-based intervention for individuals who have been convicted for sexual abuse of children or the use of child sexual exploitation material with the goal of reducing the risk factors for recidivism and actual recidivism. The results of the present study indicate that (a) 81% of the participants logged into the web-based intervention within 8 weeks after login credentials were sent; (b) there was a trend toward lower treatment readiness and lower belief in their own technical prerequisites in individuals who did not login; (c) 15% of the participants completed all requested sessions within the first 5 weeks of participation, and the average participant logged in on 6 different days and completed two sessions; (d) the number of login days and completed sessions could be predicted by treatment readiness. We discuss these findings and their implications for the development and implementation of further web-based interventions in the forensic context. Trial registration: German Clinical Trial Register (DRKS00021256). Prospectively registered 24.04.2020.Open-Access-Publikationsfonds 202
Money doesn't grow on trees – Or does it? How agroforestry system design makes agroforestry more attractive to smallholders in Senegal
No full text
Nahrungsmittelkonkurrenz vermeiden: Welchen Beitrag kann die Schweinezucht leisten?
No full textDie Versorgung von Nutztieren mit landwirtschaftlich erzeugter Biomasse, die auch zur Ernährung von Menschen genutzt werden kann, wird derzeit gesellschaftlich kritisiert. Im Mittelpunkt dieser Diskussion stehen häufig Monogastrier (Schweine, Hühner), da die dort eingesetzten Futtermittel im Wesentlichen auf Rationen mit Getreide und Produkte der Sojabohne basieren. In Studien wird untersucht, welche alternativen Futtermittel, die nicht für die menschlichen Ernährung geeignet sind, sich für die Fütterung von Schweinen eignen. Der vermehrte Einsatz von Koppel- oder Nebenprodukten würde diese Konkurrenzsituation entschärfen. Bei solchen Futtermitteln besteht jedoch die Gefahr, dass die Schweine aufgrund schwankender Nährstoffgehalte und möglicher antinutritiver Inhaltsstoffe temporär nicht bedarfsgerecht versorgt werden.
Vor diesem Hintergrund werden derzeit züchterische Strategien entwickelt, die Futter- und Nährstoffnutzungseffizienz der Schweine zu verbessern. Damit könnten die Schweine Imbalancen in der Fütterung besser kompensieren und zudem umweltschädigende Nährstoffausscheidungen minimieren. Das Merkmal Nährstoffnutzungseffizienz lässt sich durch in der Schweinezucht etablierte Merkmale, wie tägliche Zunahme oder Futteraufwand je kg Zuwachs indirekt erfassen. Darüber hinaus wird versucht, die Ausscheidung und das Ansatzvermögen der wichtigsten Nährstoffe Stickstoff und Phosphor spezifischer und genauer zu erfassen, um damit verbesserte Zuchterfolge in der Nährstoffnutzungseffizienz zu erzielen. Eine große Herausforderung stellen hierbei mögliche Genotyp × Umwelt Interaktionen dar. Die Auswirkungen von veränderten Fütterungsstrategien mit unvollständig balancierten Futterrationen können züchterisch teilweise kompensiert werden, wenn Merkmale der Nährstoffnutzungseffizienz und der Anpassungsfähigkeit mit in balancierte Zuchtziele integriert werden
Adopting and evaluating a simple model for macadamia tree transpiration in periodically water-scarce subtropical regions
No full texthttp://dx.doi.org/10.13039/501100002347 Federal Ministry of Education and Research Bonn OfficeOpen-Access-Publikationsfonds 202
Intramolecular Agostic Interactions and Dynamics of a Methyl Group at a Preorganized Dinickel(II) Site
No full textMolecular Insights into α-Synuclein Fibrillation: A Raman Spectroscopy and Machine Learning Approach
No full textMolecular basis for the enzymatic inactivity of class III glutaredoxin ROXY9 on standard glutathionylated substrates
No full textAbstract Class I glutaredoxins (GRXs) are nearly ubiquitous proteins that catalyse the glutathione (GSH)-dependent reduction of mainly glutathionylated substrates. In land plants, a third class of GRXs has evolved (class III). Class III GRXs regulate the activity of TGA transcription factors through yet unexplored mechanisms. Here we show that Arabidopsis thaliana class III GRX ROXY9 is inactive as an oxidoreductase on widely used model substrates. Glutathionylation of the active site cysteine, a prerequisite for enzymatic activity, occurs only under highly oxidizing conditions established by the GSH/glutathione disulfide (GSSG) redox couple, while class I GRXs are readily glutathionylated even at very negative GSH/GSSG redox potentials. Thus, structural alterations in the GSH binding site leading to an altered GSH binding mode likely explain the enzymatic inactivity of ROXY9. This might have evolved to avoid overlapping functions with class I GRXs and raises questions of whether ROXY9 regulates TGA substrates through redox regulation.Open-Access-Publikationsfonds 202
Lipidic folding pathway of α-Synuclein via a toxic oligomer
No full textAbstract Aggregation intermediates play a pivotal role in the assembly of amyloid fibrils, which are central to the pathogenesis of neurodegenerative diseases. The structures of filamentous intermediates and mature fibrils are now efficiently determined by single-particle cryo-electron microscopy. By contrast, smaller pre-fibrillar α-Synuclein (αS) oligomers, crucial for initiating amyloidogenesis, remain largely uncharacterized. We report an atomic-resolution structural characterization of a toxic pre-fibrillar aggregation intermediate (I1) on pathway to the formation of lipidic fibrils, which incorporate lipid molecules on protofilament surfaces during fibril growth on membranes. Super-resolution microscopy reveals a tetrameric state, providing insights into the early oligomeric assembly. Time resolved nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) measurements uncover a structural reorganization essential for the transition of I1 to mature lipidic L2 fibrils. The reorganization involves the transformation of anti-parallel β-strands during the pre-fibrillar I1 state into a β-arc characteristic of amyloid fibrils. This structural reconfiguration occurs in a conserved structural kernel shared by a vast number of αS-fibril polymorphs including extracted fibrils from Parkinson’s and Lewy Body Dementia patients. Consistent with reports of anti-parallel β-strands being a defining feature of toxic αS pre-fibrillar intermediates, I1 impacts viability of neuroblasts and disrupts cell membranes, resulting in an increased calcium influx. Our results integrate the occurrence of anti-parallel β-strands as salient features of toxic oligomers with their significant role in the amyloid fibril assembly pathway. These structural insights have implications for the development of therapies and biomarkers.Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft https://doi.org/10.13039/501100001659Max-Planck-Gesellschaft https://doi.org/10.13039/50110000418