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Understanding olfactory fertility cues in humans: chemical analysis of women's vulvar odour and perceptual detection of these cues by men
No full textDifferential plasticity of excitatory and inhibitory reticulospinal fibers after spinal cord injury: implication for recovery
No full textThe remodeling of axonal connections following injury is an important feature driving functional recovery. The reticulospinal tract is an interesting descending motor tract that contains both excitatory and inhibitory fibers. While the reticulospinal tract has been shown to be particularly prone to axonal growth and plasticity following injuries of the spinal cord, the differential capacities of excitatory and inhibitory fibers for plasticity remain unclear. As adaptive axonal plasticity involves a sophisticated interplay between excitatory and inhibitory input, we investigated in this study the plastic potential of glutamatergic (vGlut2) and GABAergic (vGat) fibers originating from the gigantocellular nucleus and the lateral paragigantocellular nucleus, two nuclei important for locomotor function. Using a combination of viral tracing, chemogenetic silencing, and AI-based kinematic analysis, we investigated plasticity and its impact on functional recovery within the first 3 weeks following injury, a period prone to neuronal remodeling. We demonstrate that, in this time frame, while vGlut2-positive fibers within the gigantocellular and lateral paragigantocellular nuclei rewire significantly following cervical spinal cord injury, vGat-positive fibers are rather unresponsive to injury. We also show that the acute silencing of excitatory axonal fibers which rewire in response to lesions of the spinal cord triggers a worsening of the functional recovery. Using kinematic analysis, we also pinpoint the locomotion features associated with the gigantocellular nucleus or lateral paragigantocellular nucleus during functional recovery. Overall, our study increases the understanding of the role of the gigantocellular and lateral paragigantocellular nuclei during functional recovery following spinal cord injury
Die Sicht von SAPV-Pflegefachpersonen auf eine Intervention zur zeitgerechten Zusammenarbeit mit Hausärzt*innen bei chronisch, nicht-onkologischen Erkrankungen: Qualitative Evaluation der KOPAL-Studie
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Standing on Shaky Grounds: On the Resilience of Geochemical Databases
No full textGeochemists today can look back on 25 years of online access to large-scale, global geochemical databases that have inspired and supported hundreds of scientific studies, generating new knowledge, and even leading to entirely new methods of geochemical data analytics that were not possible in times when individual researchers needed to spend years to compile their comprehensive syntheses of literature data. Geochemical databases provide easy access to millions of geochemical measurements for the global research community, but they do not come for free. They require dedicated, stable funding that supports the human and technical infrastructure to operate reliable, trusted data services in the long term. Currently, these databases are funded through research grants from federal agencies. Grants needs to be recompeted every 3 to 5 years and may not be renewed. Funding gaps are possible (and have happened), generating substantial challenges for uninterrupted maintenance and access of the geochemical databases
Long-term sustainability of databases such as PetDB/EarthChem and GEOROC/DIGIS is a problem that the geochemistry community needs to address jointly and on a global scale to ensure future availability of what has become a fundamental research infrastructure. An alliance of international geochemical data providers and members of the OneGeochemistry initiative (https://onegeochemistry.org) recently issued a Call to Action to engage the community broadly – researchers, scientific societies, research institutions, data providers – to develop a shared vision and agree on a roadmap for sustainable access to geochemical data. This presentation will provide an overview and updates the campaign to ensure access to geochemical data
GeoReM – A Cornerstone of Geoanalytical Quality: Honouring Klaus Peter Jochum and Advancing Toward a Sustainable, Modern Database Infrastructure
No full textGeoReM, the database for geological and environmental reference materials, was established in 2005 by Klaus Peter Jochum (1944–2024) and maintained by him and dedicated colleagues at the Max Planck Institute for Chemistry in Mainz. His commitment to metrology and reference material quality made GeoReM a cornerstone in geoanalytical research. To ensure its long-term sustainability, the International Association of Geoanalysts (IAG) and the DIGIS team at the University of Göttingen have initiated the integration of GeoReM into the DIGIS|GEOROC database infrastructure. This contribution describes our roadmap towards establishung a new and updated IT infrastructure for restoring full interoperability between GeoReM and GEOROC, provided that funding will be provided.
This integration secures the preservation and continued curation of existing data while laying the groundwork for substantial technical and scientific enhancements. Planned developments include an expert user interface via API access, automated monitoring of data quality, and advanced filtering and screening capabilities based on analytical criteria. Statistical modules will enable method-specific outlier detection and robust interpretation of analytical data.
Restoring interoperability eventually also with other geoscientific and environmental databases, is a central goal. In parallel, quality-controlled datasets of recommended values for a wide range of reference materials will be provided for seamless integration into laboratory software via API. Another innovation will be a metadata-driven ‘expert quality control index’ for published data sets using GeoReM standards.
These efforts will ensure GeoReM remains a dynamic, quality-assured resource for future geoanalytical applications
A search for dark matter produced in association with a dark Higgs boson decaying into a Higgs boson pair in 3b or 4b final states using pp collisions at s = 13 TeV with the ATLAS detector
No full textAbstract A search is performed for dark matter particles produced in association with a resonant pair of Higgs bosons using 140 fb−1 of proton-proton collisions at a centre-of-mass energy of 13 TeV recorded by the ATLAS detector at the Large Hadron Collider. This signature is expected in some extensions of the Standard Model predicting the production of dark matter particles, and is interpreted in terms of a dark Higgs model containing a Z′ mediator in which the dark Higgs boson s decays into a pair of Higgs bosons. The dark Higgs boson is reconstructed through final states with at least three b-tagged jets, produced by the pair of Higgs boson decays, in events with significant missing transverse momentum consistent with the presence of dark matter. The observed data are found to be in good agreement with Standard Model predictions, constraining scenarios with dark Higgs boson masses within the range of 250 to 400 GeV and Z′ mediators up to 2.3 TeV
A meta-analysis on gender differences in prevalence estimates of mental disorders following exposure to natural hazards,Un metaanálisis sobre las diferencias de género en las estimaciones de la prevalencia de los trastornos mentales tras la exposición a desastres naturales
No full textPharmakotherapie von Aufmerksamkeitsdefizit-Hyperaktivitätsstörungen (ADHS) in der hausärztlichen und fachärztlichen Versorgung: eine Sekundärdatenanalyse.
No full textBackground
Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is one of the most common mental health disorders among
children, and it is rapidly surging among adults as well. The aim of this study was to investigate the role of community neurologists and psychiatrists as well as general practitioners and paediatricians in prescribing ADHD medications in Germany and whether their role has changed over the 10-year period from 2008 and 2018.
Methods
In this secondary analysis of anonymized prescribing data, we calculated the absolute and relative frequencies of ADHD prescriptions by neurologists and psychiatrists, summarized as specialists, and family physicians and paediatricians, summarized as generalists, and how it has changed during the years 2008 to 2018.
Results
A total of 620 practices delivered data on 77,504 patients diagnosed with ADHD, 38 % (29,396/77,504) of them
had received a prescription for ADHD medicine at least once in the study period. Over time, we observed a shift from generalists to specialists. While 59 % of patients received their prescription from a generalist and 41 % from a specialist in 2008, there was reverse in the ratio in 2018: only 37 % received their medication from a generalist and the vast majority (63 %) from a specialist. This trend was particularly evident among adults: 58 % of them received their ADHD medication from a specialist in 2008, but 80 % in 2018. The proportion of children and adolescents who received their prescriptions from a specialist rose from 38 % to 51 % over the same period.
Conclusion
There is a shift in drug prescription away from generalists to specialists, without any discussion of advantages
or disadvantages so far. However, this would be desirable, not least because specialists alone may not have sufficient resources to care for all ADHD patients.Fragestellung
Die Aufmerksamkeitsdefizit-/Hyperaktivitätsstörung (ADHS) ist eine der häufigsten psychischen Störungen bei Kindern, mit zunehmender Bedeutung auch bei Erwachsenen. Es sollte untersucht werden, welche Bedeutung Neurologen und Psychiater bzw. Hausärzte sowie Kinder- und Jugendärzte bei der Verordnung von ADHS-Medikamenten in Deutschland spielen und ob sich ihre Bedeutung im 10-Jahres-Zeitraum von 2008 und 2018 verändert hat.
Methode
In dieser Sekundäranalyse von anonymisierten Verordnungsdaten berechneten wir die absoluten und relativen Häufigkeiten der ADHS-Verordnungen von Neurologen und Psychiatern – zusammengefasst als Spezialisten – und Hausärzte sowie Kinder- und Jugendärzte – zusammengefasst als Generalisten – zwischen 2008 und 2018.
Ergebnisse
Insgesamt 620 Praxen lieferten Daten für 77 504 Patienten mit der Diagnose ADHS, 38% (29 396/77 504) von ihnen hatten im Studienzeitraum mindestens einmal ein Rezept für ein ADHS-Medikament erhalten. Im Laufe der Zeit beobachteten wir eine Verlagerung von Generalisten zu Spezialisten. Erhielten im Jahr 2008 noch 59% der Patientinnen und Patienten ihre Verordnung von einem Generalisten und 41% von einem Spezialisten, so drehte sich das Verhältnis im Jahr 2018 ins Gegenteil: nur noch 37% erhielten ihr Medikament von einem Generalisten und die überwiegende Mehrheit (63%) von einem Spezialisten. Besonders deutlich war diese Entwicklung bei Erwachsenen: 58% von ihnen erhielten ihr ADHS-Medikament im Jahr 2008 von einem Spezialisten, im Jahr 2018 waren es bereits 80%. Der Anteil bei Kindern- und Jugendlichen mit Verordnung vom Spezialisten stieg im gleichen Zeitraum von 38% auf 51%.
Schlussfolgerung
Es gibt eine Verschiebung in der Arzneimittelversorgung weg von Generalisten hin zu Spezialisten, ohne dass bisher über Vor- oder Nachteile diskutiert wurde. Dies wäre jedoch wünschenswert, nicht zuletzt, weil Spezialisten allein möglicherweise nicht über genügend Ressourcen verfügen, um alle ADHS-Patienten zu versorgen
