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In-patient comparison of marginal bone loss after 4 months in immediately loaded, submucosal, and transmucosal dental implants using 3D scanning: a prospective clinical trial
No full textAbstract Objectives This prospective observational study aimed to evaluate the clinical outcomes and impact of different treatment protocols - immediate loading using a round gold bar retained overdenture on two implants, submucosal healing, and transmucosal healing - on circumferential marginal bone levels around dental implants. Materials and methods 20 patients requiring six implants in the edentulous lower jaw were included. Within each patient, 2 implants were assigned to submucosal healing, transmucosal healing, or immediate loading protocols. Marginal bone loss (MBL) was evaluated using 3D scanning at implant placement and after 4 months while raising a full-thickness flap. Periotest values (PTVs), the oral health impact profile (OHIP-14) and regular clinical evaluations were conducted for up to 2 years. Results The submucosal group exhibited the least mean vertical MBL (-0.22 mm), significantly lower than the immediate (-0.39 mm) and transmucosal (-0.36 mm) groups ( P = .001). Peri-implant bone surface area reduction was lowest in the submucosal group (-0.87 mm²) compared to the transmucosal (-4.58 mm²) and immediate (-6.66 mm²) protocols ( P = .002). One submucosal healed implant and two immediately loaded implants were lost. Immediate loading provided high patient comfort and demonstrated successful outcomes both in terms of clinical data (PTVs, MBL) and patient-reported outcome measures (OHIP-14, VAS). Conclusions Submucosal and transmucosal healing protocols resulted in better marginal bone preservation compared to immediate loading. Although immediate loading enhanced patient comfort, it was associated with higher marginal bone loss. Clinical relevance This study highlights the potential advantages of submucosal healing for marginal bone preservation and supports the use of three-dimensional scanning for precise bone loss evaluation, guiding clinical decision-making in implantology. Trial registration ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT06408506
Exploring the use of REM in compact hunting grounds comparing site specific to average parameters
No full textAbstract Wildlife management decisions require accurate knowledge of population parameters such as density. The random encounter model (REM) is effective for estimating densities of unmarked animals but has not been tested in areas smaller than 10 km 2 . This study evaluates REM's precision in small areas, considering study area size, shape, and species aggregation behaviours. It also examines whether REM can be simplified by using averaged REM parameters (AVE) instead of site-specific parameters (SSP). Camera trap data from 19 alpine and continental areas in Austria, covering 28 ungulate populations of roe deer Capreolus capreolus , red deer Cervus elaphus , chamois Rupicapra rupicapra , and wild boar Sus scrofa , were analysed. The mean coefficient of variation (CV) was 0.45 ± 0.03, comparable to studies in larger areas (46.6 km 2 —501 km 2 ). Study area size and shape did not significantly affect CV. The ratio of cameras with contact negatively impacted CV, indicating higher precision for evenly distributed species like roe deer (overdispersion factor k = 1.0 ± 0.11) compared to aggregated species like red deer (k = 0.5 ± 0.12). SSP and AVE densities were not statistically different but could not be explained by the same parameters, such as sea level, ecoregion, accessibility, road length, and feeding. Thus, a simplified approach using averaged REM parameters does not yield sufficiently comparable results. For wildlife management in small areas, REM can be used without restrictions related to the size and shape of the areas sampled.European Union and the Federal Ministry of Agriculture, Forestry, Regions and Water of AustriaUniversity of Natural Resources and Life Sciences Vienn
Between empowerment, patronization, and surveillance. A semi-structured interview study with persons with dementia and family caregivers on the empowering opportunities and perils of intelligent assistive technologies
No full textAbstract Background Intelligent assistive technology (IAT) can contribute to the empowerment of persons with dementia by increasing independence, strengthening social participation, and improving quality of life. IAT could, however, also create new dependencies, reinforce power asymmetries, perpetuate stigmatization, and invade the privacy of persons living with dementia. To fulfill the empowering promise of new technologies and design a user-friendly IAT, users'perspectives, needs, capabilities and interests should be incorporated into IAT development and implementation from an early stage. Yet, the development and ethical assessment of IAT still tends to neglect the perspectives of potential user groups. This study explores how persons with dementia and their caregivers assess the empowering potential, opportunities, and risks of IAT. Methods We conducted a qualitative content analysis of 27 semi-structured interviews with persons with dementia (12) and their caregivers (15). Three technologies (GPS bracelet, dressing technology, and emotion recognition technology) were presented in the interviews using fictional case vignettes. Results Persons with dementia and their caregivers generally believe that IAT can potentially empower persons with dementia by improving their independence in performing daily tasks, supporting their independent mobility, increasing their physical and emotional sense of safety, and improving their social participation. The risks they identify include violations of privacy, patronization through technology, lack of user specificity, and insufficient everyday usability. Technologies are viewed very differently depending on the context, purpose of use, and user group. Conclusion IATs seem to have the potential to empower persons with dementia, but risks and benefits are perceived differently by the interviewees. The technology’s usefulness depends on adapting to users' needs, capabilities, and interests. Future studies using a participatory approach that includes user preferences from the outset could lead to more user-centered technologies that promote the empowerment of persons with dementia
A Homebuilt Experiment to Quantify the Mechanical Properties of Hair
No full textOpen-Access-Publikationsfonds 202
N-terminal truncation of STAT1 transcription factor causes CD3- and CD20-negative non-Hodgkin lymphoma through upregulation of STAT3-mediated oncogenic functions
No full textAbstract The cytokine-driven transcription factor STAT1 (signal transducer and activator of transcription 1) executes anti-microbial and pro-apoptotic functions, and loss-of-function mutations are associated with increased susceptibility to various infections and the development of tumors. A targeted mutation in mice expressing an N-terminally truncated STAT1 protein (STAT1-ΔN) typically develops splenomegaly in animals older than 6 months due to the formation of splenic non-Hodgkin lymphomas. The expression of the STAT1-ΔN variant resulted in the disruption of normal spleen architecture by malignant CD3- and CD20-negative tumor cells, which stained positively for both tyrosine-phosphorylated STAT1 and STAT3. Immunoblotting of lysates from isolated tumor cells revealed the cytokine-independent hyperphosphorylation of both STAT proteins, whereas the expression level of NF-κB was significantly reduced. Gel-shift assays showed that the DNA-binding activity of STAT1-ΔN was increased compared to the wild-type protein. This elevated level of tyrosine-phosphorylated STAT1-ΔN did not further increase upon stimulation of isolated tumor cells with either interferon-γ (IFNγ), lipopolysaccharide (LPS), or the combination of both. Since the truncation mutant was unable to accumulate in the nucleus upon cytokine stimulation, real-time PCR data from tumor tissue as well as from isolated, IFNγ/LPS-treated lymphoma cells demonstrated significantly reduced STAT1-regulated target gene expression despite its observed hyperphosphorylation. The nuclear import defect of tyrosine-phosphorylated STAT1-ΔN was associated with an elevated tyrosine-phosphorylation level of its antagonistic homolog STAT3, which is a known oncogene. These data demonstrate that the lack of STAT1 nuclear accumulation interferes with the functional balance between the two STAT proteins and, thereby, promotes the formation of phospho-STAT3-expressing CD3-/- CD20-/- non-Hodgkin lymphomas in the spleens of the diseased animals
Dynamic coding and sequential integration of multiple reward attributes by primate amygdala neurons
No full textThe value of visual stimuli guides learning, decision-making, and motivation. Although stimulus values often depend on multiple attributes, how neurons extract and integrate distinct value components from separate cues remains unclear. Here we recorded the activity of amygdala neurons while two male monkeys viewed sequential cues indicating the probability and magnitude of expected rewards. Amygdala neurons frequently signaled reward probability in an abstract, stimulus-independent code that generalized across cue formats. While some probability-coding neurons were insensitive to magnitude information, signaling 'pure' probability rather than value, many neurons showed biphasic responses that signaled probability and magnitude in a dynamic (temporally-patterned) and flexible (reversible) value code. Specific amygdala neurons integrated these reward attributes into risk signals that quantified the variance of expected rewards, distinct from value. Population codes were accurate, mutually transferable between value components, and expressed differently across amygdala nuclei. Our findings identify amygdala neurons as a substrate for the sequential integration of multiple reward attributes into value and risk
Mapping suitable habitat and Anthropocene refugia for Ethiopian Guerezas: Insights for their conservation
No full textTwo propeller flaps in a distal lower leg with bilateral defects as a single-stage procedure: A case report
No full textOpen-Access-Publikationsfonds 202
