E-JOURNALS OF UNIVERSITY SULKHAN-SABA ORBELIANI
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ადამიანის თავისუფალი ნების ქრისტიანული გაგება
Get PDFქრისტიანული ანთროპოლოგიის უმთავრესი დამახასიათებელი ნიშანია ადამიანის თავისუფალი ნება. საეკლესიო სწავლების მიხედვით, ეს თავისუფალი ნება და, ზოგადად, ადამიანის თავისუფლება, ფუნდამენტურ ფაქტორს წარმოადგენს მისი ცხონებისათვის. უფრო სიღრმისეულად თუ გავიაზრებთ, საეკლესიო მამებისათვის ადამიანის გამოხსნა საღვთო მადლის საქმეა, მაგრამ ეს არ გამორიცხავს თავისუფალი სინერგიის ფაქტორს ადამიანის მხრიდან; უფრო მეტიც, შეუძლებელია გამოხსნის საიდუმლოს აღსრულება ადამიანის თავისუფალი ნების გარეშე
ევროპა, რწმენა და კულტურა: (ნაწილი I)
Get PDFბევრი რამ, რასაც დღეს ევროპაზე საუბრობენ, გვაფიქრებინებს, რომ ჩვენ უკეთ ვლაპარაკობთ იმაზე, რაც ის არ არის, ვიდრეიმაზე, რაც ის არის.როდესაც ვახსენებთ „ევროპას“, ეს ნიშნავს, რომ არ ვგულისხმობთ „ბრიტანეთს“, „ამერიკას“, „ისლამურსამყაროს“ და „განვითარებად სამყაროს“. თუმცა, დროდადრო გვჭირდება პოზიტიური განმარტებების გამოყენებასაც შევეცადოთ; ეს გულისხმობს ცოტა ისტორიას, ცოტა პოლიტიკურ ფილოსოფიას და ლექციის განმავლობაში ამ საკითხებს შევეხები
სეკულარიზმის გაგება თანამედროვე ქართულ რეალობაში
Get PDFევროპაში, „სეკულარიზაცია“ ცნობილია მინიმუმ 1648 წლიდან, როდესაც ვესტთანამედროვე ქართულ რეალობაში, სეკულარიზმი, როგორც ცნება, ჯერ კიდევ შეუსწავლელი, გამოუკვლეველი და გაუაზრებელია საზოგადოების არც თუ მცირე ნაწილისათვის. უმეცრებიდან და არაინფორმირებულობიდან გამომდინარე, ხშირ შემთხვევაში, ადგილი აქვს აღნიშნული ტერმინის დისკრედიტაციის, მარგინალიზებისა და შინაარსობრივი პროფანირების მცდელობას, რაც, როგორც წესი, უკიდურესად ფუნდამენტალისტურდა ექსტრემისტულ ჯგუფებთანაა დაკავშირებული. რადიკალურად განწყობილი არასამთავრობო ორგანიზაციები, ფანატიკურისამრევლოები თუ ულტრანაციონალისტური წრეები, მიზანმიმართულად ცდილობენ ყველა იმ ადამიანის სტიგმატიზებას, ვინცსეკულარიზმის სასარგებლო ფენომენის პრაქტიკულ სინამდვილეში განხორციელების მომხრეა. 
Effective Coordination Prospects of Business, Vocational Education and Employment Services in the Tourism Sector (Georgia)
Get PDFOne of the main goals of vocational education is, on the one hand, to increase the knowledge capital of jobseekers and, on the other, to ensure supply for professions in the employment market. In conditions of high unemployment, it is especially important to support this direction in order to facilitate the increase of access to highly qualified specialists tailored to the requirements of the labour market by focusing on vocational training. In the field of vocational education, in order to represent the interests of the private sector and improve services related to vocational education, we conducted qualitative research and ran focus groups in the tourism sector. The study involved the private and public sectors, experts in the field, vocational education institutions, sectoral associations, and others. As part of the study, we compiled a list of key activities that respondents considered promote and stimulate vocational education in the tourism sector. The main employment motivators and incentive mechanisms were identified in the research process. The paper presents conclusions and recommendations on effective coordination of vocational education, business and government employment services to help alleviate problems in the sector. Measures to be taken include programme updates, modification / restoration of canceled programmes, intensive involvement of the private sector in the teaching-learning process, increasing the awareness and popularity of vocational education in general, and more. The research process highlighted the need to implement a number of measures to address the existing challenges, which will help to encourage and stimulate vocational education in the tourism sectorOne of the main goals of vocational education is, on the one hand, to increase the knowledge capital of jobseekers and, on the other, to ensure supply for professions in the employment market. In conditions of high unemployment, it is especially important to support this direction in order to facilitate the increase of access to highly qualified specialists tailored to the requirements of the labour market by focusing on vocational training. In the field of vocational education, in order to represent the interests of the private sector and improve services related to vocational education, we conducted qualitative research and ran focus groups in the tourism sector. The study involved the private and public sectors, experts in the field, vocational education institutions, sectoral associations, and others. As part of the study, we compiled a list of key activities that respondents considered promote and stimulate vocational education in the tourism sector. The main employment motivators and incentive mechanisms were identified in the research process. The paper presents conclusions and recommendations on effective coordination of vocational education, business and government employment services to help alleviate problems in the sector. Measures to be taken include programme updates, modification / restoration of canceled programmes, intensive involvement of the private sector in the teaching-learning process, increasing the awareness and popularity of vocational education in general, and more. The research process highlighted the need to implement a number of measures to address the existing challenges, which will help to encourage and stimulate vocational education in the tourism secto
შრომითი და დავალებს ხელშეკრულებების სამართლებრივი კლასიფიკაცია დაუსწრებელი გადაწყვეტილების კანონიერების შემოწმებისასე
No full textFreedom of labor is a constitutional human right. The state protects it by fulfilling positive and negative obligations. Due to the specifics of labor relations, the principle of subordination is one of the basic principles that apply in labor law. Accordingly, the employee is subordinate to the employer and directly obeys the rules and conditions set by him. The parties of the Contract of Mandate (Service Contract) are the mandator who gives an assignment to the mandatary and the mandatary who is obliged to perform mandated actions. It is often difficult to find the difference between the contract of the mandated employment agreement. No. AS-953-2020 decision of the Chamber of Civil Cases of the Supreme Court of Georgia, issued on April 2, 2021, regarding the above-mentioned issue sets precedent, both in the case’s procedural history and in the legal complexity and reasoning, which is undoubtedly distinguished from the previously set practice. What makes this case special is the fact that, from a procedural point of view, the case went through the second and third instances twice. In addition, a repeated default (absentee) judgment was appealed, the legal legitimacy of which is the main focus of the legal proceedings of the courts. Accordingly, this article will assess the factual circumstances related to the legal dispute and the grounds and motivation for the decision made by the relevant court. Also, special attention will be drawn to the decision made by the Supreme Court and the decision will be assessed in the context of whether the judge applied the law he was supposed to apply or the law that he was not supposed to apply and whether or not he misinterpreted the law. It also determines which method of resolving a hard case was used by the judgeFreedom of labor is a constitutional human right. The state protects it by fulfilling positive and negative obligations. Due to the specifics of labor relations, the principle of subordination is one of the basic principles that apply in labor law. Accordingly, the employee is subordinate to the employer and directly obeys the rules and conditions set by him. The parties of the Contract of Mandate (Service Contract) are the mandator who gives an assignment to the mandatary and the mandatary who is obliged to perform mandated actions. It is often difficult to find the difference between the contract of the mandated employment agreement. No. AS-953-2020 decision of the Chamber of Civil Cases of the Supreme Court of Georgia, issued on April 2, 2021, regarding the above-mentioned issue sets precedent, both in the case’s procedural history and in the legal complexity and reasoning, which is undoubtedly distinguished from the previously set practice. What makes this case special is the fact that, from a procedural point of view, the case went through the second and third instances twice. In addition, a repeated default (absentee) judgment was appealed, the legal legitimacy of which is the main focus of the legal proceedings of the courts. Accordingly, this article will assess the factual circumstances related to the legal dispute and the grounds and motivation for the decision made by the relevant court. Also, special attention will be drawn to the decision made by the Supreme Court and the decision will be assessed in the context of whether the judge applied the law he was supposed to apply or the law that he was not supposed to apply and whether or not he misinterpreted the law. It also determines which method of resolving a hard case was used by the judg
Hermeneutics and Constitutional Interpretation: Translated from the Journal Aharon Barak, Hermeneutics and Constitutional Interpretation, Cardozo Law Review, Vol.14, 1993
No full textTHE GREEK ORIGINAL OF A BAPTISM PRAYER PRESERVED IN GEORGIA
No full textIn the Georgian Euchology Sin.Geo.O. 12 (10th century) of the Hagiopolite tradition, the rites of Christian initiation are preceeded by the prayer of blessing the baptismal font. The present article traces the Greek original of the prayer in the Italo-Greek Euchologes. Textual examination and the method of Comparative Liturgy show that the prayer comes from the cathedral tradition of Jerusalem and was used annually, in connection with the cycle of the catechumenate, when at a certain point in Lent the baptismal font was blessed.In the Georgian Euchology Sin.Geo.O. 12 (10th century) of the Hagiopolite tradition, the rites of Christian initiation are preceeded by the prayer of blessing the baptismal font. The present article traces the Greek original of the prayer in the Italo-Greek Euchologes. Textual examination and the method of Comparative Liturgy show that the prayer comes from the cathedral tradition of Jerusalem and was used annually, in connection with the cycle of the catechumenate, when at a certain point in Lent the baptismal font was blessed
DOCUMENT OF 1686 AND PATRIARCHAL EPISTLES, RELATED TO IT
No full textIt should be noted that certain principles of the 1686 document have persistently not been upheld by the Patriarchate of Moscow. Undoubtedly, the Patriarchate of Moscow has been exercising its right of ordination (cheirotonia) since 1686 as it kept performing ordinations of metropolitans, however it has not been adhering to the following two important principles – one concerning the commemoration of the patriarch of Constantinople by the metropolitan of Kyiv, and the other concerning the appointment of the metropolitan. Specifically, according to this document, the Patriarchate of Moscow had no right of appointing the candidate for metropolitan. Instead, the right of choosing the candidate for metropolitan was reserved for the local clergy and the faithful public of the metropolis of Kyiv. The last metropolitan who was lawfully chosen by the local clergy and the faithful of the metropolis of Kyiv was Joasaph, deceased in 1718. Therefore, we can conclude that the Patriarchate of Moscow illegally annexed the metropolis of Kyiv in the 1720s. In relation to the above, an important event took place in March 2019 when the official document confirming the annexation of the metropolis of Kyiv by the Patriarchate of Moscow was returned to Ukraine from Germany. The aforementioned document was issued by Peter I, tsar of Russia and it constitutes an important official source based on which the following can be deduced: 1. The Patriarchate of Moscow has annexed the metropolis of Kyiv.2. The annexation happened in the 1720s. The question then arises as to why this breach of law was neglected by the Patriarchate of Constantinople. As it is widely known, since the fall of Constantinople to the Ottomans in 1453, the Orthodox Church of Constantinople had to continue existing and serving its mission in a profoundly hostile environment. The 18th and 19th centuries were particularly difficult periods for the Patriarchate of Constantinople as it is also evidenced by the martyrdom of Patriarch Gregorius V (1746-1821) who was martyred by the Ottomans. During this period, even the physical existence of the Patriarchate itself came under threat. The Church of Russia was therefore able to take advantage of the weak position of the Patriarchate of Constantinople at that time and annexed the metropolis of KyivIt should be noted that certain principles of the 1686 document have persistently not been upheld by the Patriarchate of Moscow. Undoubtedly, the Patriarchate of Moscow has been exercising its right of ordination (cheirotonia) since 1686 as it kept performing ordinations of metropolitans, however it has not been adhering to the following two important principles – one concerning the commemoration of the patriarch of Constantinople by the metropolitan of Kyiv, and the other concerning the appointment of the metropolitan. Specifically, according to this document, the Patriarchate of Moscow had no right of appointing the candidate for metropolitan. Instead, the right of choosing the candidate for metropolitan was reserved for the local clergy and the faithful public of the metropolis of Kyiv. The last metropolitan who was lawfully chosen by the local clergy and the faithful of the metropolis of Kyiv was Joasaph, deceased in 1718. Therefore, we can conclude that the Patriarchate of Moscow illegally annexed the metropolis of Kyiv in the 1720s. In relation to the above, an important event took place in March 2019 when the official document confirming the annexation of the metropolis of Kyiv by the Patriarchate of Moscow was returned to Ukraine from Germany. The aforementioned document was issued by Peter I, tsar of Russia and it constitutes an important official source based on which the following can be deduced: 1. The Patriarchate of Moscow has annexed the metropolis of Kyiv.2. The annexation happened in the 1720s. The question then arises as to why this breach of law was neglected by the Patriarchate of Constantinople. As it is widely known, since the fall of Constantinople to the Ottomans in 1453, the Orthodox Church of Constantinople had to continue existing and serving its mission in a profoundly hostile environment. The 18th and 19th centuries were particularly difficult periods for the Patriarchate of Constantinople as it is also evidenced by the martyrdom of Patriarch Gregorius V (1746-1821) who was martyred by the Ottomans. During this period, even the physical existence of the Patriarchate itself came under threat. The Church of Russia was therefore able to take advantage of the weak position of the Patriarchate of Constantinople at that time and annexed the metropolis of Kyi
ევსები პამფილიელის (კესარიელის) პოლიტიკური თეოლოგიის ასპექტები
No full textEusebius of Caesarea (Eusebius Pamphili) is an important landmark of Christian historiography. His writings (Historia Ecclesiastica, De vita Constantini and De laudibus Constantini) are invaluable for those studying the reign of Constantine. Moreover, De vita Constantini is the main source for understanding the religious policy of Constantine. The era of Constantine posed a challenge to the Church to redefine herself in association with Christianized emperor. Constantine for Eusebius embodied unity and universalism both in political and ecclesiastical spheres. For Eusebius, it was a historical necessity that the Roman Empire and the Church cooperate in concord for the sake of humankind.On the other hand, Eusebius Caesarea has always been an object of scholarly dispute. One question that often arises is - Did Eusebius propagate Constantine’s “political theology”? Aim of this paper is to analyze Eusebius of Ceasarea’s paradigm for relationships between the Church and EmpireEusebius of Caesarea (Eusebius Pamphili) is an important landmark of Christian historiography. His writings (Historia Ecclesiastica, De vita Constantini and De laudibus Constantini) are invaluable for those studying the reign of Constantine. Moreover, De vita Constantini is the main source for understanding the religious policy of Constantine. The era of Constantine posed a challenge to the Church to redefine herself in association with Christianized emperor. Constantine for Eusebius embodied unity and universalism both in political and ecclesiastical spheres. For Eusebius, it was a historical necessity that the Roman Empire and the Church cooperate in concord for the sake of humankind.On the other hand, Eusebius Caesarea has always been an object of scholarly dispute. One question that often arises is - Did Eusebius propagate Constantine’s “political theology”? Aim of this paper is to analyze Eusebius of Ceasarea’s paradigm for relationships between the Church and Empir
SERGEJ BULGAKOV – LIFE FROM THE EUCHARIS
No full textOne of the greatest writers of Orthodoxy in the 20th century was Sergei Bulgakov, who paradoxically is less appreciated in Orthodox countries than in the rest of the Christian world. The purpose of this article is to present to Georgian readers the figure of Sergei Bulgakov not so much as a philosopher and theologian, but as a priest and mystic who lived his experience from the Eucharist: It is precisely this Eucharistic and priestly experience that transforms Bulgakov from a scholar into a prophet. The article is dedicated to the 150th anniversary of the birth of Fr. Sergej Bulgakov (1871-2021)One of the greatest writers of Orthodoxy in the 20th century was Sergei Bulgakov, who paradoxically is less appreciated in Orthodox countries than in the rest of the Christian world. The purpose of this article is to present to Georgian readers the figure of Sergei Bulgakov not so much as a philosopher and theologian, but as a priest and mystic who lived his experience from the Eucharist: It is precisely this Eucharistic and priestly experience that transforms Bulgakov from a scholar into a prophet. The article is dedicated to the 150th anniversary of the birth of Fr. Sergej Bulgakov (1871-2021