The Indian Society of Agricultural Engineers
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Evaluation and performance of drainage system in waterlogged area of Krishna western delta
Get PDFThe waterlogging is one of the biggest problem in the agriculture field of Krishna Western Delta region. The artificial drainage system removes the excess water from agricultural lands and may increases the crop productivity. In this study, a field experiment was conducted on rice crop in experimental field (artificial drainage system installed) and farmer field (artificial drainage system not installed) during the Kharif season of 2011-12. The agronomical parameters (tiller count, number of productive tillers, panicle length, number of fill grain per panicles, plant height and grain yield) were measured at crop maturity stage. The leachate samples were also collected from the leachate collector chamber and analyzed the salt concentration. The average salt concentration of 0.5 t/l was leached from the experimental field. The agronomical parameters show better performance in the experimental field after the installation of artificial drainage system as compared to the farmer field. The results demonstrate that the installation of drainage system in salt affected area can increase the crop growth parameters and grain yield
Effect of crop establishment methods on yield and economics of cultivation of wheat
Get PDFZero till seed-cum-ferti drill, rice-wheat seeder and broadcasting method, as treatments T1, T2 & T3 respectively, were used for wheat sowing at 100.0 kg/ha seed rate in pulverized sandy loam soil. Rice-wheat seeder delivered optimum seed rate upon maintenance of minimum of 3.75 kg seed per box. At every 52.0 meter run of machine 0.5 kg seed was to be filled in seed boxes to maintain uniform seeding at 100.0 kg/ha seed rate. The machines in treatment T1 and T2 had field capacities 0.49 ha/h and 0.169 ha/h and field efficiencies 71% & 82% respectively. Rice wheat seeder had registered 96.19% seeding efficiency in comparison to 97.67% seeding efficiency of seed drill. Maximum yield (4.27 t) was obtained in treatment T2, followed by treatment T1 (4.186 t) and T3 (4.08 t). Benefit-cost ratio of treatment T3 was found highest 4.77:1 followed by treatment T2 (4.66:1) in spite of minimum net return per hectare (Rs.71607.0) among all treatments. Highest net return/ ha of Rs.74454.0 was in treatment T2, followed by treatment T1 (Rs.72089.0). Obviously, yield and economics of use of rice wheat seeder equipment justifies its utility for wheat cultivation by small and marginal farmers
Latest technologies in food processing
No full textConsumer demand for fresh, nutritious, and minimally processed foods has risen recently. This new trend for safe and healthy foods has led to the development of innovative food processing technologies that cause less damage to nutrients and maintains the product quality without compromising flavour, appearance and nutrition. Some of these novel techniques like cold plasma, hyperbaric storage, smart packaging, supercritical fluid extraction, smart grain storage system and renewable energy utilization in the form of solar energy have attracted many food processors as well as scientists. These techniques are very well researched for several food commodities and found economically viable, efficient and environment friendly. However, these technologies has not been commercialised so far hence, there is a need for rapid commercialization as well as industrialization of these technologies for their better application in different food processing sector, and to harness their optimum potential
Rice residue management using direct seeding technology
No full textThe Indo Gangetic Plane (IGP) is an important region located in South Asia blessed with fertile agricultural farmlands and a diverse ecosystem. Rice-Wheat (RW) cropping system is predominant in the Indian region of the IGP. Almost complete rice area harvesting is performed with combine harvester which leave huge chunk of loose straw. Rice residues are often burned because managing of huge amount of straw in short window period is difficult task. Moreover, the loose straw hinders tillage and seeding operations for the following crop. Retaining crop residues in the field can replenish soil nutrient stocks and organic matter, contributing to sustainable RW production. Therefore, different seeders are available to sow wheat into the rice stubble field which avoids the burning of crop residue as well as several tillage operations to manage the residue. Machinery like Happy seeder, zero till drill, spatial till drill, smart seeder and super seeder gaining popularity among the farmers for timely sowing of the wheat under rice stubble condition. Use of Super Straw Management System (Super SMS) is the pre-requisite for the smooth operation of above said direct seeding machines. However, the adoptions of these technologies are still not up to desired levels due to lack of knowledge and higher cost of the machinery
Dr. S.C. Moses, Professor and Head, Department of Farm Machinery & Power Engineering, Vaugh Institute of Agricultural Engineering and Technology, SHUATS, Allahabad, U.P., India
No full texte Indian agriculture sector has waited a long time for innovation to challenge the current status quo. Agriculture is the highest contributor to India’s annual GDP at 18% to 20%. Yet, it continues to be heavily impacted by unique onground challenges, slow growth rate, mobility, and supply chain issues among others. Reforming the sector is critical, and this is where technology has been pivotal. Armed with hi-tech digital tools and intricate systems knowledge, agri-tech is set to reform old ways. According to an EY report, the agri-tech sector can touch $24 billion in valuation by 2025. Although technological interventions are already changing the landscape, there’s still a lot to unlock
Shrachi FarMeter - Awardwinning GPS-based WEEDER tracking kit for Power Weeders.
No full textWe oen say that it is not just hard work, but smart work that helps achieve the most, using the least resource. And this applies to all sectors, across the globe. All human inventions were born with one single necessity – how to get more things done with fewer resources and in lesser time. Information technology has been one of the biggest enablers in this aspect, growing exponentially in the last 3 decades
Applications of AI in Agriculture
No full textIndia is largely an agrarian society and its economy relies heavily on agriculture. According to an IBEF report, agriculture is the main source of livelihood for 58 per cent of rural Indian households. Currently, it represents 10 per cent of India’s exports, which makes it the fourth largest principal commodity category. In line with this, the application of Automation & Articial Intelligence (AI) in agriculture is an important step toward ensuring food security and improving the livelihoods of farmers. Automation can help in reducing production costs, while AI can be used for decision support and yield prediction. In India, several initiatives have been launched to promote the use of AI in agriculture
Implementation of national education policy-2020 in agricultural engineering discipline
No full textThe New Education Policy-2020 (NEP-2020) of India provides an opportunity and has opened the gateway to introduce various changes in the education system, including higher agriculture education. Indian Council of Agricultural Research (ICAR) constituted a national level Committee of Vice-chancellors to develop an implementation strategy to comply with various provisions of NEP-2020. The committee was asked to assess and recommend requirements of higher agricultural education in the present set of education/research/extension and suggestion for consideration of agricultural education in the categories of Medical and Legal Education under NEP- 2020. In this direction, several meetings and consultations were held to deliberate with various stakeholders. The draft report was also circulated to all the vice-chancellors and Chief Secretaries for their input and comments
Performance Evaluation of Sensor Controlled Seed Metering Mechanism for Check Row Planting
Get PDFPlanting is one of the critical farm operations affecting production and productivity of crops. Check row planting involving equal row to row and plant to plant spacing allows bidirectional weeding, better aeration and sunlight to plants and thus increased crop yield. A sensor based seed metering mechanism was developed for check row planting in which seed from the seed box was fed to the seed metering plate and pushed to seed tube by rotation of seed metering rotor. The seed metering rotor was driven by the stepper motor. The ground wheel of seed drill was replaced with LIDAR proximity sensor. The developed metering system was evaluated at for three check row spacings (30×30 cm, 40×40 cm and 50×50 cm) with two rotor materials (polyurethane rubber and polyurethane foam) and at three forward speeds 0.5, 0.65 and 1.3 kmph. The mean value of plant to plant spacing of 39.76 cm was found very close to the theoretical spacing of 40 cm at 0.65 kmph for polyurethane rubber seed metering plate. The highest quality of feed index 85.94% was observed at 0.65 kmph for polyurethane rubber rotor material at a check row spacing of 40×40 cm. Overall, the sensor controlled seed metering mechanism performed better with polyurethane rubber as rotor material at lower speeds irrespective of spacing
Design and Development of a High Capacity Multi Fruit Grader for Commercial Applications
Get PDFA commercial scale multi fruit grader suitable for grading different types of spherical shaped fruit was designed and developed. The fruit grader consisted of a grading unit, horizontal belt conveyor and feeding unit. The grader has provision to separate fruits into five grades by adjusting flap spacing between 30 and 145 mm. The grader is operated by a 0.74 kW single phase motor. This grader was installed in a farm and evaluated for grading citrus, apple, sweet lemon and orange fruits for two seasons. About 1000 tonnes of fruits were graded using this grader. The overall grading efficiency of the grader was 93-96 % for citrus, apple, sweet lemon and orange fruits. The capacity of the grader was 5 t/h at grading conveyor speed of 7 m/minute and there was no damage to the fruits while grading. The cost of the grader is Rs. 1 lakh. The cost of operation and energy consumption of the grader is Rs. 0.30/kg and 0.25 kW/t, respectively. This fruit grader has the advantages of high capacity, low energy consumption, low cost, minimal handling and tumbling of the fruits. The breakeven for the grader is worked out as 500 tonnes of fruits. It is most suited for commercial application