The Indian Society of Agricultural Engineers
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Applications of Blockchain Technology in the Rural and Economic Sectors in India
No full textBlockchain Technology The term ‘blockchain technology’ typically refers to the transparent, trust enabled, publicly accessible ledger that allows us to securely transfer the ownership of units of value using public key encryption and consensus methods. The technology uses decentralized consensus to maintain the network, which means it is not centrally controlled by a bank, corporation, or government, but is governed by the participants in the network itself. In fact, the larger the network grows and becomes increasingly decentralized, the more secure it becomes. The Bitcoin Network is the first successful implementation of “public blockchain”
Development and promotion of soybean food enterprises in India
No full textSoybean Processing and Utilization (SPU)/Centre of Excellent on Soybean Processing and Utilization at the ICAR-CIAE, Bhopal has conducted 193 batches of soy based food Entrepreneurship Development Programmes (EDP) in which 3000 potential entrepreneurs from 28 states of India participated. Around 300 soybean processing enterprises have been established till date across the country for making different soy products such as soy milk, paneer (tofu), flours, snacks, curds, biscuits, kabab, chap, halwa, etc. The maximum units are located in Punjab followed by Maharashtra and Uttar Pradesh. These entrepreneurs have provided employment to 1500 workers across the country with an estimated total monetary benefit of Rs. 90 crores per annum. It can be inferred that the soy food based training and entrepreneurship development programme organized by the ICAR-CIAE, Bhopal since 1995 has resulted in the establishment of 300 successful enterprises that are significantly contributing to the Nation’s economy as well as in combating protein-calorie malnutrition (PCM) that exists in India
Agri ecosystem is picking-up momentum for advanced technologies
No full textIndia’s agri journey has been fairly transformative and phenomenal, looking at the position we were right after independence. The country is not just becoming more and more sustainable in farm production but also seen a significant shift in agri machinery adoption. From a meagre 880 tractors in 1951, India has emerged as the largest tractor manufacturer in the world at 9.7 lakh tractors (as per FY’22). Especially from mid-20th century, there has been a significant shift away from traditional processes to more mechanised farm culture. Interestingly, from a net tractor importer in 1960’s, India has exported over 1.28 lakh tractors to world markets, with ITL being the No1 exports brand with over 35,000 tractors exported in FY’22 itself. Every fourth tractor being exported from India is being rolled out from ITL’s world’s largest vertically integrated facility in Hoshiarpur, Punjab. The state-of-the-art facility is fully equipped to manufacture everything in-house that goes into making of a tractor and is a true reflection of ‘AtmaNirbharta’ of an Indian company
Optimization of Ohmic Heating Conditions for Enhancement of Quality Characteristics of Sonicated Jamun Juice
No full textJamun juice is a delicious fruit beverage enriched with antioxidants such as flavonoids, phenolics, carotenoids, and vitamins. Traditional thermal processing methods widely used for preservation, often lead to flavor loss and degradation of nutritional value,particularly in heat-sensitive jamun juice. This study aimed to evaluate the impact of ohmic heating conditions on the quality attributes of sonicated jamun juice. The ohmic heating process was applied to the sonicated jamun juice samples under various voltage gradients (20-40 V cm-1), treatment temperatures (40°C -75°C), and treatment duration (2-4 min). Response surface methodology, utilizing the Box-Behnken design, was employed to optimize response parameters, including pH, total soluble solids (TSS), anthocyanin content, and total phenolic content. The results indicated that the quadratic and interaction effects of temperature and time were significant and positively influenced the pH. Conversely, the linear terms showed insignificance. Increasing the voltage gradient resulted in an elevated TSS. The rate of TSS increase was gradual at lower voltage gradients (20-30 V cm-1) and accelerated at higher voltage gradients (30-40 V cm-1). The degradation of anthocyanins remained slow until the voltage gradient reached 30 V cm-1, after which further increase in voltage gradient substantially reduced anthocyanin content in the juice. The linear effects of voltage gradient, temperature, and treatment duration demonstrated a positive correlation with the total phenolic content. Both temperature and voltage gradient contributed to an increase in the total phenolic content. The optimalprocessing conditions for ohmic heating of sonicated jamun juice were determined at a voltage gradient of 30 V cm-1, temperature of 75°C, and treatment duration of 4 min. These findings contribute to enhancing the quality attributes of jamun juice throughoptimized ohmic heating conditions, thereby benefitting the juice processing industry
Design and Development of a Pneumatic Based Abrasive Polisher for PearlMillet (Pennisetum glaucum. L.)
No full textA pneumatic polisher based on Storch 1 cyclone for polishing pearl millet was designed with different diameters. The study involved simulating the designs with varying diameters (0.15 and 0.20 m) and air inlet velocities (20, 25, and 30 m s-1) to analyze total pressureand wall shear stress on polisher’s walls. A polisher with a diameter of 0.20 m was chosen for additional simulation to investigate the velocity and static pressure distribution within the polisher. Results of the simulation showed that the inlet air velocity has a substantial impact on both, the distribution of air velocity and the effectiveness of grain polishing. A polisher with a diameter of 0.20 m was developed, comprising an inner wall coated with a 254-micron abrasive surface. The independent variables used for evaluating performance of the developed pneumatic polisher were air inlet velocities (15, 20, and 25 m s-1) and number of passes ranging from 10 to 80. The responses consisted of the degree of polishing (DoP), head yield (HY), and broken percentage (BP). Study demonstrated a positive correlation between the number of passes and the DoP while indicating a negative correlation between the number of passes and HY. The developed pneumatic-based polisher is applicable for polishing pearl millet with maximum and minimum DoP of 15.74% and 2%, respectively
Simulation of Rice Yield under Different Cultivation Methods and Irrigation Regimes Using DSSAT Model
No full textWater shortages driven by climatic and anthropogenic factors demand efficient planting and irrigation practices for sustainable agriculture. Water-saving methods such as Direct Seeded Rice (DSR) and System of Rice Intensification (SRI) can enhance water productivity in rice significantly. Crop models can be used to simulate the performance of these methods under different irrigation regimes, aiding in the identification of the best management practices to enhance water productivity in rice. In this study, the grain yield under DSR, SRI and Conventional Puddled Rice (CPR) cultivated in Trans-Gangetic plains of India was simulated using the Decision Support System for Agrotechnology Transfer (DSSAT) model. Two-year field study was conducted at the research farm of ICAR-Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi, with first year data used for model calibration and second year data for model validation. The prediction error for grain yield during validation was observed to be 28%, 10% and 11% for DSR, SRI and CPR, respectively. Model validation for DSR, SRI and CPR showed nRMSE and R2 values of 21% and 0.79, 6% and 0.88, 8% and 0.72, respectively. Additionally, Nash-Sutcliffe efficiency >0.93 and d>0.98 across all the methods indicate model’s reliability under diverse cultivation methods. The validated DSSAT model can be effectively used to support the selection of appropriate rice planting methods to enhance the water productivity of rice in the Trans-Gangetic Plains of India
Mechanization will Power the Future of Bharat’s Agriculture
No full textIndia’s agriculture today stands at a turning point. The nation feeds over 1.4 billion people, exports across continents, and supports more than 45 percent of its population through farming. Yet, even as India is the world’s largest producer of tractors, the overall level of mechanization is estimated to stand at around 45-47 percent. In contrast, countries such as the USA, Western Europe, and Russia, have mechanization rates above 80%, while Brazil is at 75 percent and China at 65 percent. If we are to realise the vision of a Viksit Bharat by 2047, one that is self-reliant, food-secure, and climate-resilient, this gap must close decisively
Post-Harvest and Supply Chain Management for Food Security in Poultry Supply Chain
No full textFood security relies on effective postharvest management and Supply Chain Management (SCM) practices that ensure food quality and safety from farm to table. This review focuses on the critical roles of post-harvest management, food loss, surplus food and SCM in ensuring food security, particularly in the poultry sector and staple crop production (soya and corn) which is essential in poultry value chain. Food waste is a pressing global issue that affects both human well-being and the environment. According to the Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO), approximately one-third of all food produced for human consumption is wasted each year. This wastage occurs at various stages of the supply chain, from production and distribution to consumption. There is another area where surplus food is also an issue. Surplus food is the food which is edible food that remains unsold or unused. Supermarkets, restaurants, and households often discard surplus food due to aesthetic imperfections, overstocking, or expiration dates. However, this surplus can be a valuable resource if managed effectively
कृषि विज्ञान केन्द्रों की आईआईटी एवं आईआईएम से तुलना नहीं की जानी चाहिए एवं क्यों वे बहुत अधिक सम्मान के पात्र हैं
No full textकृषि विज्ञान केन्द्रों की आईआईटी एवं आईआईएम से तुलना नहीं की जानी चाहिए एवं क्यों वे बहुत अधिक सम्मान के पात्र है
A Critical Review of Strip-Based Sensors: Challenges, Innovations, and Applications in Food Safety
No full textFood industry is more concerned with safety and quality control because of raising consumer awareness and strict regulatory standards. Strip-based sensors have surfaced as handy kits for evaluating food quality and detecting contaminants, and pathogens. These strip-based sensors offer instant, cost-effective, and user-friendly solutions for food products. This review article explores various types of strip-based sensors using colorimetric, electrochemical, and fluorescent, and highlights their principles, materials, fabrication methods, and detection techniques. Advances in materials science have enabled the application of paper-based, polymer-based, and nanomaterial-enhanced substrates, improving sensor performance and reliability. Fabrication techniques, including various printing methods and assembly processes, are discussed to illustrate the evolution in the fabrication of cost-effective and scalable sensor strips. Despite their promise, challenges remain in sensitivity, specificity, and stability. Future directions include use of nanotechnology, multifunctional sensors, and IoT integration for real-time monitoring and data-driven decision-making. Strip-based sensors represent a transformative approach to food safety and quality control with substantial effects on the future of the food industry