The Indian Society of Agricultural Engineers
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Pre and Post-Production Mechanization and Value Addition of Millets: ICAR-CIAE Perspective
No full textIn many parts of India, millets are still produced without scientic engineering interventions, where there is potential to increase production and productivity through suitable mechanised eorts. is article focuses on the eorts of ICAR-CIAE on mechanization of complete millet value chain. It includes machinery and equipment specially designed for mechanization of millet production on the farm, post-harvest processing equipment and machinery to improve eciency, nutritive value and storability of millets
Fresh-cut fruits and vegetables – a review
Get PDFFresh cut products from fruits and vegetables are in great demand in local market as well as for export. It is very essential and critical to maintain the quality of fresh cut produce from the farmers’ field to the consumer. Fresh-cut processing involves careful selection of raw material variety, cultivar, maturity stage, washing, sanitising, peeling, deseeding, cutting, dicing, slicing, pre-treatment (anti-microbial, firming, flavour enhancer, etc.), packaging, storage at proper temperature, transportation, etc. Maintaining the quality and safety of fresh-cut produce is a challenge as deterioration processes take place due to ongoing biochemical and microbiological processes. The combination of sanitizing, packaging environment and temperature need to be optimized to maximize the quality (nutritional and sensory) and safety of the produce. The processors also need to know the spoilage causing organisms, such as pseudomonads, lactic acid bacteria, yeast, moulds, and fungi which can damage the quality of the produce. The knowledge of food borne pathogens and their sources is also important. The processors need to consider all the steps of the fresh-cut produce processing from the point of view of food safety as well as quality of the product
Optimization of the process of banana flour preparation
Get PDFBanana (Musa paradisiaca) is a cheap source of carbohydrates and micronutrients. Converting banana into flour can help to obtain a consistent ingredient for bakery foods while preventing the post-production losses of this bulky and perishable food source. Hence a study has been undertaken to standardize the drying protocol for banana flour preparation. The effects of the different temperature-treatment combination on drying of banana were studied. Experiments were done at 50°C, 60°C and 70°C (without any treatment, with citric acid dipping and with combined citric acid and blanching process) and the variation in the quality of the dehydrated material was studied. The results showed that drying at 70°C followed by 0.5% citric acid treatment for 10 min, in 24h, in non-circulating natural convection air dryer was the optimal protocol concerning better quality parameters like water activity, total soluble solids, ascorbic acid, microbial contamination and the time taken to complete the drying process
Feasibility studies on raingun method of irrigation system in groundnut
Get PDFA field study was conducted on groundnut by using different irrigation techniques, such as raingun, check basin and sprinkler irrigation systems. In our country, raingun method of irrigation is becoming more popular for sugarcane due to convince in shifting. Sufficient information such as coefficient of discharge, percentage of overlapped diameter for uniformity, etc. is not available for designing the raingun system. A medium volume raingun model was operated at different operating pressures of 2.0, 2.5 and 3.0 kg.cm-2 with 14mm diameter nozzle. The discharge was found increasing with increase in pressure head for raingun of nozzle size 14mm was 3 kg.cm-2. It was observed that increase in pressure increased the discharge of medium volume raingun irrigation system. The minimum discharge was observed at 2 kg.cm–2 as 10.30 m3.h–1 for 14mm diameter nozzle. The maximum discharged was observed at 3 kg.cm-2 as 12.13 m3.h–1 for 14mm diameter nozzle. The coefficient of uniformity of the raingun was determined at different operating pressure. The high coefficient of uniformity was found at 3 kg.cm-2 operating pressure and low uniformity of coefficient was found at 2 kg.cm-2 operating pressure. The water application rates of the raingun under various pressures were determined. The maximum application rate of 10.86 mm.h–1 was found at 2 kg.cm-2 and the minimum application rate of 9.32 mm.h-1 was found at 3 kg.cm-2. The water use efficiency was maximum in case of raingun method of irrigation as compared to check basin and sprinkler irrigation system. Use of raingun sprinkler irrigation during early crop season helped in saving water when the soil infiltration rate was very high and need of water in the root zone was less. Using raingun method of irrigation system, 0.79 kg.m-3 higher water use efficiency was achieved as compared to check basin and sprinkler irrigation system. Benefit cost ratio of the raingun method of irrigation was found as 1.05, which indicated that the raingun method of irrigation was economically feasible