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Fatal Car Crashes and Marijuana Legalization
No full textAn increasing number of states are legalizing recreational use of marijuana. There are concerns about its impact on road safety. This empirical study uses the experience from Michigan, California, and Colorado to test whether marijuana legalization has had any significant impact on cannabinoid-related fatal crashes. A Poisson difference-in-difference style estimation is applied in a panel data setting. MI, CA and CO are used as the treatment group, where recreational marijuana has been legalized. The control groups are the states of Ohio, Indiana and Texas, which did not have recreational marijuana legalized at the time. The treatment effect is found to be significant, thus legalization and retailing of marijuana have statistically significantly increased the number of cannabinoid-related and overall fatal crashes in the states that have legalized it in the period of study
Exploring Voluntary Disclosure of Gift Card Breakage: Insights From Agency and Signaling Theory
No full textThis study investigates the voluntary disclosure of gift card breakage among retail and restaurant firms, examining whether agency and signaling theories explain such disclosures and identifying firm-specific characteristics that influence the likelihood of disclosure. Using data from 79 U.S. publicly traded firms over 2013-2022, the study employs two-sample t-tests, difference-in-differences models, and logistic regression to analyze the impact of financial metrics on disclosure decisions. Firms with lower liquidity and weaker turnover management are more likely to disclose gift card breakage, supporting agency theory by suggesting that these disclosures reduce information asymmetry. The results also present a nuanced view of signaling theory, where disclosure might function as a "bad news" signal for firms with weaker financial health. The study also highlights the significant influence of ASC 606 adoption on disclosure practices, with firms being approximately 15 times more likely to disclose gift card breakage post-ASC 606. This research extends the corporate voluntary disclosure literature by focusing on the under-researched element of gift card breakage. The sector-specific focus highlights industry-specific nuances in voluntary disclosure practices
Unpacking Team Task Performance: The Role of Positive and Negative Network Ties
No full textTo accomplish key objectives, organizations frequently rely on work teams. This study of social networks and team performance sought to make two distinct contributions to theory: simultaneously researching positive and negative networks and integrating a more interdisciplinary research perspective. I investigated how the closure of instrumental and expressive networks combined to predict team intellective and judgmental task performance. A total of 386 participants in 66 teams participated, with 33 teams in each of the two task performance conditions. I found that an expressive (social identification) network had no relationship with intellective task performance, and that the relationship of the instrumental networks (shared leadership and advice) to intellective task performance was dependent upon the density of the task conflict network. I also found that instrumental networks (shared leadership and advice) were unrelated to judgmental task performance, and that the relationship of an expressive network (identification) to judgmental task performance was dependent upon the density of the social loafing network. While the findings from the present study provide a solid foundation for future research, much work remains before we fully understand the complex relationship between social networks and team performance
HR Professionals and Higher Ed Instructors Review Hybrid Courses and Interdisciplinary Job Requirements Relating to Generation Z and Work-Life Balance
No full textThis study focuses on Generation Z employees and students. Within the contents this project reviews the limitations of jobs that can be conducted virtually and those that cannot. What the author considered was the variations between generations that can influence the way organizations recruit and develop work teams. Human Resource professionals are dealing with such generational differences because they must constantly deal with change, motivation, technology and the leadership of employees. While life-work balance varies among the generations making HR an important factor in human relations and seeking out what employees can offer an organization beside of their specialty such as soft skills.
Higher education professionals need to keep abreast of the HR managers’ needs of how a broader range of skills are required along with the fact companies are in a technology driven environment whereby these professionals expect employees to be equipped to completely utilize the power of technologies needed within the workplace. Higher education curriculum construction professionals will be hard pressed if not prepared and willing to realize job hybridization is here to stay and not going away. Included in the study is how soft skills merge into job skills and HR managers job requirements have become interdisciplinary.
Enlisting Citizen Developers to Deliver Digital Business Value With Generative AI & Low-Code Development Platforms
Get PDFEnterprise IT organizations face a chronic undersupply of trained programming professionals leading to an application supply-demand disequilibrium. To address this unmet need, Generative AI (GenAI) and Low-Code Development Platforms (LCDP) are maturing and making application development by non-professional programmers a viable possibility. Using GenAI and LCDPs, “Citizen Developers” can rapidly develop and deploy applications to deliver business functionality using IT-sanctioned platforms. However, several issues need to be considered before Citizen Developers can safely produce usable applications. GenAI as an application development platform is a recent phenomenon with limited experiential data as to its viability: therefore, our paper presents a case study of the five-year journey that one enterprise took to implement a LCDP, recounting the successes and challenges in adopting the platform
Cultural Barriers of Poverty Alleviation in the Microfinancing of Market Women in the Effutu Municipality of Ghana
Get PDFThis study explored three main aspects: the awareness of microfinance’s role, the barriers to accessing microfinance services, and the effects of microfinance on poverty alleviation among market women in the Effutu Municipality in the Central Region of Ghana. A qualitative approach and case study design were employed in this study. The population of the study was women traders in Effutu Municipality. Purposive and convenient sampling techniques were employed to select 15 participants. A semi-structured interview guide was the instrument used for data collection. Thematic analysis was used to analyze the data. The findings of this study were that while microfinance has the potential to enhance economic stability and improve the quality of life of market women, significant barriers such as difficulties in securing guarantors, delays in loan disbursements, and cumbersome repayment processes limit its effectiveness. It is recommended that microfinance institutions strengthen their outreach programs through partnerships with local radio stations, community leaders, and existing beneficiaries to spread awareness about the availability of their services and benefits
Beyond Quantitative Easing Towards a New Monetary Theory
Get PDFIn his article Interest and Prices, originally published in 1898, Wicksell summarized the two goals of monetary policy that today constitute the cornerstones of monetary theory. The first goal is to prevent monetary shocks due to excessive/or insufficient credit in the system, resulting in a conservative view of monetary policy. The second goal is to adequate the level of credit to changes in the real sector of the economy as reflected in changes in the real level of savings or investment. The first goal has been the main emphasis of the Quantitative Theory of Money which supports both Monetarism and Rational Expectations. The second goal was the route taken by Keynes who emphasized the volatility of investment as a main cause of economic instability. This article provides a third route that benefits from the two routes previously mentioned and proposes a new monetary theory
The Effect of Political Corruption on IPO Initial Return: A Long-Term Country Analysis
No full textWe investigate the effect of political corruption on IPO (Initial Public Offering) initial return using a long-term country level data. Using country-level variables spanning 55 countries over a period of more than 10 years, we find a positive relationship between the average political corruption index and the equally weighted average IPO initial return. Country characteristic variables, such as country size, GDP, or the number of IPO firms within each country, do not have a significant effect on the IPO initial return. The result implies political corruption is an important factor affecting IPO initial return
The Impact of IRC § 199A on the Value of Non-Publicly Traded Business Organizations
No full textThe objective of this paper is to assess the influence of tax reductions from the Tax Cuts and Jobs Act (“TCJA”), on the firm value of non-publicly traded business organizations. The TCJA provided a reduction in the graduated corporate tax from a top rate of 35% to a flat 21%, while simultaneously providing up to a 20% deduction of taxable income produced by passthrough entities under Internal Revenue Code (“IRC”) § 199A. While the overall value of non-publicly traded businesses increased after the TCJA, we find somewhat mixed results
Influence of Financial Flexibility on Performance of State-Owned Sugar Manufacturing Corporation Projects in Western Kenya
No full textThis study examined the influence of financial flexibility on performance of State sugar manufacturing corporations in Kenya. The study was guided by Modigliani and Miller’s capital structure model mainly (trade-off, pecking order and agency cost) theories, and was based on pragmatic paradigm which provides for the use of both qualitative and quantitative research methodologies. It targeted a population of 1,145 people, drawn from employees of State sugar corporations, and used a sample size of 291, obtained from Krejcie and Morgan's (1970) Table. A structured questionnaire and interview guide were used to collect data. SPSS version 25 was used to analyse data and Hypothesis was tested at a=0.05 significance level. Pearson’s correlation and linear regression analysis showed a positive correlation between the variables (p = 0.000 < 0.05), implying that financial flexibility significantly influences the performance of State sugar firms. It was recommended that, to enhance financial flexibility in State sugar corporations, the Government should focus on strategies that help reduce costs, improve revenue generation, and strengthen financial management practices