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Measuring Impression Management Between Women & Male Leaders of Color
No full textSuccess in an organization is contingent upon hiring and retaining qualified candidates from diverse backgrounds. Benton, Ceballos, & Burton (2020) examined women leaders of color using Bolino & Turney’s (1999) Scale to determine their use of Impression Management (IM) tactics —self-promotion, integration, exemplification, intimidation, and supplication —as defined by Jones & Pittman (1982). Results showed strong correlations between the tactics. Additionally, Benton, Ceballos, & Burton (2022) sought to explore the use of IM tactics in male leaders of color. Results of the second study showed that Black/African American and Hispanic/Latino leaders scored similarly in their use of supplication compared to White leaders. Findings of the final study indicated male leaders of color (M = .057) scored moderately higher in their use of impression management compared to women leaders of color (M = .056). Male leaders of color had a higher mean score for self-promotion (M = 2.82), ingratiation (M = 3.19), and exemplification (M = 4.29). In contrast, women leaders of color scored higher in their use of intimidation (M = 5.89)
REIT Price-to-Net Asset Value, Performance, and Managerial Entrenchment
Full text linkThis study examines P/NAV dynamics in the REIT industry, utilizing NAV estimates from SNL Financial and stock returns and distributions from CRSP. The findings reveal that REITs typically trade at a premium to their NAVs around IPOs, transitioning to a discount approximately 30 months later. The analysis also shows a positive association between P/NAV and future excess NAV returns, consistent with Chay and Trzcinka (1999). Furthermore, the results suggest high past excess stock returns indicate managerial ability, creating market expectations reflected in premiums. However, when controlling cross-sectional correlation, this relationship loses statistical significance. Additional findings indicate that REITs with positive excess NAV returns, longer public trading histories, or CEO replacements are likelier to trade at a premium to NAV. In contrast, those led by older CEOs, CEOs with longer tenures, or recent outside appointments tend to trade at a discount. Although the negative relationship between CEO tenure and P/NAV is not statistically significant, it supports Berk and Stanton’s (2007) assertion that entrenched CEOs contribute to NAV discounts
Ambush Marketing: Creativity vs. Controversy
Full text linkAmbush marketing, a tactic non-sponsors use to associate with major sporting events, raises ethical, legal, and strategic questions. This paper explores the phenomenon from historical, theoretical, and practical perspectives, highlighting its dual nature as a creative marketing tool and a controversial threat to official sponsorships. Drawing on case studies, it categorizes ambush marketing strategies into direct, indirect, and destructive forms, examining their effectiveness and consequences. While ambush marketing enables brands to leverage the visibility of events without official sponsorship costs, it challenges the exclusivity and financial stability of event organizers and sponsors. The discussion considers legal frameworks, consumer perceptions, and the broader impact on sports sponsorship markets. Ultimately, the analysis suggests a balanced approach to regulation, acknowledging ambush marketing’s potential to drive innovation while emphasizing the need for fair competition and protection of sponsorship rights. This paper contributes to a nuanced understanding of ambush marketing’s implications in the evolving landscape of sports marketing
Impact of Smoke-Free Air Laws on Secondhand Smoking: Evidence From New York City
No full textAnti-smoking laws reduce exposure to secondhand smoke in areas that are targeted by such laws; however, the effects of these laws on displacing smokers to alternative locations where smoking is allowed remains unexplored due to limited data. This paper uses unique nonparticipant observational data on smoking frequency and location from New York City to estimate the impact of secondhand smoke exposure. Estimates indicate that nonsmokers are exposed to secondhand smoke once every 1.9 city blocks, and exposure is greater near smoking-restricted areas such as schools and hotels, which suggests anti-smoking laws displace smokers and increase exposure for others
Beasting or Bullying: Managing Emotions in Fitness Professional Worker/Client Relationships
No full textThis paper explores the connection between managed emotions and workplace bullying between workers and long-term service relationships with clients. The material used in this exploration arose from an eight-month long ethnography in a small, privately own fitness facility in the UK. The thematic analysis of material contains excerpts from field notes from participation observation, observations, informal conversations, and semi-structured interviews. The paper unveils how group membership can influence perceptions of when, and if, emotions are managed. The experiences demonstrate that managed emotions and types of bullying occur by both the fitness professional and the clients in the service space and thus co-created rather than isolated incidents
Cultural Entrepreneurship and the Future of Calypso: Leveraging Cooperative Business Models and Emerging Technologies in Trinidad & Tobago
No full textThis article examines the mostly untapped economic potential of Trinidad and Tobago’s vibrant cultural heritage, particularly focusing on calypso—a cornerstone of Trinbagonian identity. It highlights the decline of traditional calypso tents due to evolving challenges such as rising crime, shifting audience preferences, and financial instability while proposing a pathway for revitalization. By integrating cultural entrepreneurship, emerging technologies, and cooperative business models, the article offers a strategic vision to transform the cultural economy. The article explores how the fusion of technological innovation, such as metaverse platforms and augmented reality, with the cooperative ethos can elevate calypso from a local tradition to a global phenomenon. Anchored in cultural economy theory and drawing inspiration from successful global examples, this article emphasizes the role of collective action, institutional support, and strategic investment in creating a sustainable and inclusive cultural economy for Trinidad and Tobago
Economic Diversification and Bilateral Trade Agreements in the United Arab Emirates: A Gravity Model Analysis
No full textThe United Arab Emirates (UAE) has experienced a remarkable economic shift—from a reliance on pearl diving, fishing, and agriculture to becoming a global trade hub. This study explores the development of the UAE’s bilateral trade agreements within its oil-based economy, especially after the 1970s oil boom. It highlights key strategies such as the Comprehensive Economic Partnership Agreements (CEPAs) and Dubai’s diversification efforts, including the Jebel Ali Free Zone (JAFZ) and tourism expansion. Dubai’s non-oil trade growth has positioned it as a significant global re-export center. Using a gravity-type trade model and pooled data from 1970 to 1997, the study evaluates the UAE’s trade with nine major partners: India, China, the U.S., Canada, South Africa, Egypt, Kenya, the U.K., and Germany. Variables include GDP, distance, exchange rates, FDI, and trade openness. Results show that GDP, FDI, and openness boost trade, while distance and risk reduce it. The model accounts for about 90% of trade variation, offering insights for sustaining growth through strategic diversification
An Experiential Study of Understanding Business Sophomores’ Questioning and Decision-Making Skills
No full textThe paper documents an experiential study that aims to understand business sophomores’ questioning and decision-making skill levels. The study is motivated by how to use the figures and facts in business organizations where business students will be employed. The study could add value to sophomore-level business students’ knowledge and help improve the skills needed in their careers. A three-step approach is applied to the experience: First, a concise case is provided to students. Second, they participated in the study by responding to the instructions provided. Finally, they participated in a survey to obtain their perceptions of the experience they were involved in. The results are empirically analyzed using qualitative and quantitative statistical techniques. The findings are interesting and encouraging because the experience documented in the study would help students improve questioning and decision-making skills even in the principle-level accounting courses in business schools
CEO Extraversion and Firm’s Entrepreneurial Orientation: The Role of CEO’s Bridging Social Capital and Top Management Team Support
No full textCEO personality and its impact on entrepreneurial orientation (EO) is a sparking topic for scholars and practitioners. The influence of CEO extraverted personality on EO extensively studied but the mechanisms by which extraverted CEO influence the entrepreneurial orientation of firms are not adequately studied. Integrating Upper Echelon and Social Capital theories, this study has established a theoretical link between CEO extraversion and firm’s EO and underlying mechanisms with two contingent factors. The study proposes that the CEO’ s bridging social capital and top management team (TMT) support strengthen this relationship. Through rigorous literature review, the present study provides an important resolution for mixed findings in prior studies and important managerial insights for understanding the role of CEO extraversion on EO and the contingent effects of TMT support and CEO’s bridging social capital. Finally, the study offers future research options
Investing in Reputation
No full textThis paper examines whether consideration of corporate reputation is useful in forming investment portfolios. Portfolios are constructed using the Harris Poll Reputation Quotient and rebalanced periodically. We find that an equally-weighted allocation consisting of stocks with high corporate reputation outperformed those with low reputation and benchmarks. Individual investors can incorporate these findings in making portfolio decisions that consider social values as well as in generating wealth and managing risk