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Artificial Intelligence in Forensic Accounting: A Literature Review
No full textThis literature review examines the transformative impact of artificial intelligence (AI) on forensic accounting. Drawing from recent academic research, industry reports, and global case studies, the review traces the historical evolution of AI applications—from early expert systems to modern machine learning and natural language processing techniques. Key challenges, such as data quality, model explainability, ethical concerns, and regulatory gaps, are examined alongside the opportunities that AI presents, including improved detection accuracy, real-time monitoring, and the ability to analyze unstructured data. The review emphasizes the synergistic relationship between human expertise and AI, advocating for hybrid approaches that enhance investigative efficiency and objectivity. It also identifies future research directions, including explainable AI, blockchain analytics, continuous auditing, and the integration of advanced techniques such as federated learning. This review offers scholars and practitioners a comprehensive and up-to-date understanding of how AI is transforming forensic accounting practices globally
Women on CEO-Only Boards and ROAA
No full textWomen on the Board (WOB) have been increasing both in the United States and Europe and much of the research to date is not U.S. focused. This paper studies the impacts of WOB on Return on Average Assets (ROAA). We employ different panel data models to investigate the impacts on 145 S&P 500 CEO-only board companies between 2016 and 2019. CEO-only board companies have a type of board that developed as a result of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002 to be a fully independent board other than the CEO. Our results illustrate positive impacts of WOB on ROAA when controlling for sector, time and state fixed effects. Moreover, interest rate has a positive and statistically significant impact on ROAA. Additionally, we study the cultural impacts of Red vs. Blue states. Our results support a positive impact of WOB on ROAA in favor of Blue states
The Long-Term Impacts of Distressed Bank Loans on Future Loan Spread and Lending Relationship
No full textThis paper examines the long-term impacts of distressed bank loans on future loan spreads and lending relationships. On average, banks charge an additional 70 basis points (bps) on new loans they originate following exposure to distressed loan damage. The effect is stronger for borrowers with close tie to the bank and weaker for those borrowing from highly reputable lenders. Borrowers that are larger and less risky are more likely to change lenders after such events. These results show that financial distress spreads beyond the original default, altering loan pricing and the stability of future bank-firm relationship
Is It Still My Fault? An Examination of Jurors’ Perception of Auditor’s Social Media Presence
No full textThis study examines how jurors perceive auditors’ use of social media justifications versus traditional in-court justifications following an audit failure, taking into account the audit client’s financial significance. Utilizing a 2×2+1 between-subjects experimental design, I find evidence that social media justifications are equally effective in reducing negligence verdicts and punitive damages compared to in-court justifications, suggesting they serve as a viable substitute without increasing liability risk. In contrast, client financial importance significantly increases the likelihood of negligence verdicts and compensatory damages, regardless of how a justification was delivered. When comparing the control group with the high client importance treatment groups, the results show that an auditor’s justification reduces jurors’ negligence verdicts and punitive damages, regardless of how a justification was delivered. In addition, compared with in-court justification, social media justification shows enhanced effectiveness by reducing compensatory damages. These findings highlight social media as a strategic remedial tool for auditors, particularly when client relationships may bias perceptions. Research implications are discussed
Power Through Paradox: Donald Trump’s Play With Bitcoin, Freedom, and Geopolitical Dominance
No full textBitcoin has emerged as a symbol of financial autonomy and innovation, while the U.S. dollar continues to anchor the global monetary system. This paper analyzes the paradox in Donald Trump’s position: he promotes Bitcoin as an expression of individual freedom yet strongly resists efforts—especially from the BRICS group—to challenge the dollar’s reserve currency status. His threat of a 100 percent tariff on any BRICS-backed currency underscores the strategic importance he attaches to dollar dominance. The analysis shows that Trump distinguishes between the symbolic and functional roles of both currencies. Bitcoin appeals to domestic ideals of entrepreneurship and market freedom, whereas the dollar serves as a geopolitical tool of U.S. influence through trade, debt, and sanctions. The paper argues that this dual stance is not inconsistent but strategic—a calculated effort to merge ideological appeal at home with power projection abroad, consistent with the logic of the “Madman Theory”
Examining Student Interest in Accounting and Finance Professional Certifications
No full textWhile prior research has shown many graduates hesitant to pursue certification, particularly the CPA certification, few studies have explored student perceptions of several professional credentials offered by the leading accounting and finance organizations. This research examines perceptions of nine professional certifications and finds strong, positive correlations between familiarity and interest for some of the certifications. In addition, the results of this study reveal some factors to be significantly more important than others in a student’s decision to pursue a certification. These findings highlight ways professional accounting and finance organizations can better tailor their promotional efforts of the credentials they offer, particularly to those planning to enter the profession. Additionally, university and business professors would be well served to understand how students perceive the most valuable professional credentials in their field of study and the underlying motivations that influence their decision to pursue or forgo certification
The Global Financial Crisis (GFC) Impacting the World
No full textThe study is grounded in the fact that this crisis disrupted the banking system worldwide, causing several major financial institutions, such as commercial banks, mortgage firms, insurance agencies, and credit unions, to fail. The GFC had extensive effects on the global economy, causing widespread unemployment, home foreclosures, and significant changes in the financial markets. The crisis was the worst since the Great Depression of the 1930s. During the financial crisis between 2008 and 2009, the exchange rate depreciated across countries due to a lack of investor confidence. Some economic experts have stated that during the financial crisis, the exchange rate lost 40% of the overall currency value of individual countries. Large banks are better prepared to restrict loans to high-risk borrowers. Unfortunately, these measures did not apply to smaller banks and every nation. Following the GFC, central bank leaders worldwide implemented a zero-interest rate policy (ZIRP) for their most valuable customer accounts. This strategy generated more than $ 10.5 trillion. The strategy created artificial credit, which raises the question of whether it will help sustain economic prosperity in the future
Technology and Accounting Analytics Readiness of Public Universities in the Northeastern USA for the CPA Evolution Model
No full textThis study examines the readiness of accounting programs for the CPA Evolution Model Curriculum (EMC), specifically for modules covering technology and accounting analytics. A descriptive design was used to analyze course catalogs and programs from public schools in the NE region of the USA. The findings are mixed from Low to High coverage. Low coverage may reduce learning and preparedness for the CPA exam or for job opportunities and cause greater exertion in the learning/teaching process. The results of this study can help educators with revisions to accounting programs that better align with the CPA EMC and promote program competency
Job Crafting as Leadership in Action: Servant Leadership and the Dynamics of Adaptive Work Systems
No full textCLT posits emergent leadership but lacks micro-level behaviors. We position job crafting as CLT’ s behavioral anchor. Integrating JD–R and RFT, we model demands/resources → servant leadership → promotion/prevention focus → approach/avoidance crafting. We tested a cross-sectional SEM (T1 N=279) and two-wave CLPM (N=238). Demands reduced approach crafting via servant leadership and promotion focus and increased hindrance-reduction via servant leadership and prevention focus; resources fostered approach crafting and indirectly increased hindrance-reduction through the same channels. Cross-lagged paths evidenced feedback-driven emergence, recasting servant-leadership outcomes behaviorally and embedding CLT’s recursion in job crafting as hypothesized. These results advance theory and clarify mechanisms
Pathways to Achieve Common Prosperity for Less Populated Villages from the Perspective of the Talent Dividend: Two Case Studies from Yunnan’s Border Ethnic Regions
No full textThe effective transition from poverty alleviation to rural revitalization is the inevitable path for some villagers getting rich first to all villagers sharing prosperity. For cross-border smaller ethnic populations that have long lagged behind in development and lacked a demographic dividend, there is a need not only for a “second leap” under exogenous development momentum, but also for the talent dividend under endogenous development momentum to promote common prosperity. This study is based on the investigation of the transformation practice cases of two cross-border ethnic villages with a small population in Yunnan from poverty alleviation to rural revitalization. From the perspective of the talent dividend, it integrates the theories of human capital and feasible capacity to build a "talent-powered capability expansion" framework for achieving common prosperity. The aim is to contribute to the theory of common prosperity by introducing the novel perspective of the talent dividend