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Análisis de la evolución urbanística de Astillero desde 1970: principales transformaciones y su impacto en la calidad de vida
Full text linkEl presente Trabajo de Fin de Grado analiza la evolución urbanística, social y económica de la localidad de El Astillero (Cantabria) durante los últimos cincuenta años, poniendo especial énfasis en la percepción ciudadana ante dichos cambios. A través del estudio del patrimonio histórico-artístico, industrial y natural, se examinan las transformaciones que ha experimentado el municipio desde su pasado naval e industrial hasta su consolidación como espacio residencial y de servicios. El trabajo combina el análisis documental y urbanístico con una encuesta realizada a la población local, con el objetivo de comprender no solo los cambios físicos del entorno, sino también las emociones, opiniones y valoraciones subjetivas que estos generan en los distintos grupos de edad. De este modo, se ofrece una visión integral que relaciona el desarrollo territorial con las vivencias y memorias colectivas de los habitantes de El Astillero.This study analyzes the urban, social, and economic evolution of the town of El Astillero (Cantabria) over the last fifty years, with special emphasis on citizens' perception of these changes. Through the study of its historical-artistic, industrial, and natural heritage, the transformations experienced by the municipality are examined—from its naval and industrial past to its consolidation as a residential and service-oriented area. The study combines documentary and urban analysis with a survey conducted among the local population, aiming to understand not only the physical changes in the environment but also the emotions, opinions, and subjective assessments these changes evoke among different age groups. Thus, it provides a comprehensive perspective that links territorial development with the lived experiences and collective memories of the inhabitants of El Astillero.Grado en Estudios Hispánico
Pharmacogenomic study of SARS-CoV-2 treatments: identifying polymorphisms associated with treatment response in COVID-19 patients
Full text linkBackground/Objectives: The COVID-19 pandemic resulted in 675 million cases and 6.9 million deaths by 2022. Despite substantial declines in case fatalities following widespread vaccination campaigns, the threat of future coronavirus outbreaks remains a concern. Current treatments for COVID-19 have been repurposed from existing therapies for other infectious and non-infectious diseases. Emerging evidence suggests a role for genetic factors in both susceptibility to SARS-CoV-2 infection and response to treatment. However, comprehensive studies correlating clinical outcomes with genetic variants are lacking. The main aim of our study is the identification of host genetic biomarkers that predict the clinical outcome of COVID-19 pharmacological treatments.
Methods: In this study, we present findings from GWAS and candidate gene and pathway enrichment analyses leveraging diverse patient samples from the Spanish Coalition to Unlock Research of Host Genetics on COVID-19 (SCOURGE), representing patients treated with immunomodulators (n = 849), corticoids (n = 2202), and the combined cohort of both treatments (n = 2487) who developed different outcomes. We assessed various phenotypes as indicators of treatment response, including survival at 90 days, admission to the intensive care unit (ICU), radiological affectation, and type of ventilation.
Results: We identified significant polymorphisms in 16 genes from the GWAS and candidate gene studies (TLR1, TLR6, TLR10, CYP2C19, ACE2, UGT1A1, IL-1, ZMAT3, TLR4, MIR924HG, IFNG-AS1, ABCG1, RBFOX1, ABCB11, TLR5, and ANK3) that may modulate the response to corticoid and immunomodulator therapies in COVID-19 patients. Enrichment analyses revealed overrepresentation of genes involved in the innate immune system, drug ADME, viral infection, and the programmed cell death pathways associated with the response phenotypes.
Conclusions: Our study provides an initial framework for understanding the genetic determinants of treatment response in COVID-19 patients, offering insights that could inform precision medicine approaches for future epidemics.This work was supported by the Instituto de Salud Carlos III (COV20_00622 to A.C.
and PI20/00876 to C.F.; stop-coronavirus: COV20/00181; BioFRAM project (PMP22/00056)) and
cofounded by the European Union (ERDF) ‘A way of making Europe’ and the Fundación Amancio
Ortega, Banco de Santander (to A.C.); Fundación Canaria Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de
Canarias (PIFIISC23/05 to C.F.); ERA PerMed (JTC_2021; AC21_2/00039 from the Instituto de Salud
Carlos III to C.F.); Xunta de Galicia (Predoctoral Fellowship Programme 2024); and funds from
Next Generation EU as part of the actions of the Recovery Mechanism and Resilience (MRR). The
genotyping service was carried out at CEGEN-PRB3-ISCIII, supported by grant PT17/0019, of the PE
I+D+i 2013−2016, funded by ISCIII and ERDF
Evolution of graft-versus-host disease in patients who received an allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplant in recent years
No full textIntroducción. La enfermedad de injerto contra receptor (EICR) es una de las
principales causas de morbimortalidad tras el trasplante alogénico de médula ósea
(alo-TPH). El objetivo del estudio es describir la incidencia, presentación y
resultados relacionados con la aparición de EICR en una serie de pacientes
trasplantados en el Hospital Universitario Marqués de Valdecilla (HUMV) en los
últimos años
Material y métodos: Se diseñó un estudio observacional, unicéntrico y
retrospectivo en 132 pacientes tras recibir un alo-TPH de forma consecutiva en el
HUMV entre los años 2018 y 2020. Aquellos pacientes con una supervivencia mayor
a 3 meses desde el Alo-TPH fueron evaluados para la aparición de EICRc.
Resultados: La incidencia al día 100 de EICRa MAGIC grados II-IV fue del 25% y
del 11,5% (IC95% 6-18) para EICRa MAGIC grados III-IV. El órgano más
frecuentemente afectado fue la piel (95,7%) en los grados menores y la intestinal
baja (76,4%) en los grados más altos. A los 2 años, la incidencia de EICRc
moderada-grave fue del 31%. Los órganos más afectados fueron la piel (85,7%), la
mucosa oral (71,4%) y los ojos (57,1%).
Conclusiones: La EICR continúa siendo una complicación frecuente tras el aloTPH.Introduction. Graft-versus-host disease (GVHD) is one of the leading causes of
morbidity and mortality after allogeneic bone marrow transplantation (allo-HSCT).
The objective of this study is to describe the incidence, presentation, and outcomes
related to the development of GVHD in a series of transplant patients at the Marqués
de Valdecilla University Hospital (HUMV) in recent years.
Material and methods: An observational, single-center, retrospective study was
designed in 132 patients after receiving allo-HSCT consecutively at HUMV between
2018 and 2020. Patients who survived greater than 3 months since allo-HSCT were
evaluated for the appearance of cGVHD.
Results: The incidence at day 100 of MAGIC aGVHD grades II-IV was 25% and
11.5% (95%CI 6-18) for MAGIC aGVHD grades III-IV. The most frequently affected
organ was the skin (95.7%) in the lower grades and the lower intestine (76.4%) in
the higher grades. At 2 years, the incidence of moderate-severe cGVHD was 31%.
The most affected organs were the skin (85.7%), the oral mucosa (71.4%) and the
eyes (57.1%).
Conclusions: GVHD continues to be a frequent complication after allo-HSCT.Grado en Medicin
Attachment, power/influence, conflict management strategies, and sexual aggression in emerging adult romantic relationships
Full text linkSexual aggression among young people is a public health concern. Although many episodes take place in a couple's relationship,few studies have explored the importance of relational variables in this interpersonal context. Of special interest may be thevariables in a couple's functioning related to connectedness, power/influence, and conflict management. This dyadic longitudinal study aimed to examine the relationship between relational variables and sexual aggression in emerging adult romanticrelationships. The sample consisted of 133 young heterosexual Spanish couples (mean age = 19.44; SD = 1.41) who completed anonline questionnaire. At time 1 (T1), romantic attachment, partner's attempt to influence, perception of actual partner influence,conflict management strategies, and sexual aggression (perpetration and victimization) were assessed; 9 months later (T2), sexual aggression was assessed again. The data were analyzed following the Actor-Partner Interdependence Model (APIM). Malesreported higher levels of perpetration than females, and females reported more victimization. Attachment-related anxiety predicted perpetration and victimization in both males and females (T1). In addition, males reported more perpetration when theyperceived their partners as attempting to gain power in the relationship (T1) or having more actual influence in the romanticrelationship (T2); whereas in females, victimization was more likely when they perceived more partner influence (T1 and T2),and their partners reported more female attempts at influence (T2). Negative conflict management strategies also explained maleperpetration (T1 and T2) and female victimization (T1 and T2). These findings suggest the need to develop interventions aimedat promoting equity and relationship skills for emerging adultsThis work was supported by the Castile and Leon Regional Government (Spanish: Junta de Castilla y León, Spain) under Grant Ref.: SA121G18, and by Ministry of Economy and Competitiveness (Spanish: Ministerio de Economía y Competividad) under Grant Ref.: PSI2013-46830- P
Compensation for moral damages arising from filiation actions
Full text linkEste trabajo analiza la indemnización por daños morales derivados de las acciones de filiación, centrándose en los efectos jurídicos y emocionales de la ocultación o error en la atribución de la paternidad. A partir del concepto de filiación en el Derecho Civil español, se examina el derecho a investigar la paternidad según el artículo 39.2 de la Constitución, y el papel de la prueba de ADN en estos procedimientos. Se detallan las acciones legales: reclamación, impugnación y mixtas, analizando plazos, legitimación y efectos. El trabajo aborda causas frecuentes de daño moral, como el engaño sostenido, la pérdida del vínculo afectivo con el hijo o la afectación de la identidad biológica. Jurisprudencialmente, algunos tribunales exigen dolo para reconocer indemnización, mientras otros aceptan negligencia si hay conducta reprochable. Se analizan sentencias del Tribunal Supremo y Audiencias Provinciales, junto con derecho comparado europeo y latinoamericano. Se destaca la importancia de establecer criterios claros y coherentes para valorar el daño moral y garantizar una aplicación más uniforme del derecho. Se concluye que el sistema debe equilibrar el derecho a ser indemnizado con la protección del menor, impulsando una normativa más claraThis paper analyzes compensation for moral damages arising from filiation actions, focusing on the legal and emotional effects of concealment or errors in paternity attribution. Starting from the concept of filiation in Spanish Civil Law, it examines the right to investigate paternity under Article 39.2 of the Spanish Constitution and the role of DNA testing in these procedures. It outlines the legal actions available—claims, challenges, and mixed actions—analyzing deadlines, standing, and legal consequences. The study addresses common causes of moral damage, such as prolonged deception, loss of emotional bonds with the child, or disruption of biological identity. Jurisprudence shows that while some courts require intent to recognize compensation, others accept negligence if the conduct is deemed blameworthy. Relevant rulings from the Supreme Court and Provincial Courts are examined, along with comparative legal perspectives from Europe and Latin America. The importance of establishing clear, consistent criteria to assess moral damages and ensure uniform application of the law is emphasized. It concludes that the legal system must balance the right to compensation with the protection of the child, promoting clearer and more coherent legislationGrado en Derech
Optical characterization of metallic substrates by spectroscopic ellipsometry
Full text linkLa polarimetría es una técnica basada en el estudio de la variación del estado de polarización de un haz de luz que se refleja, transmite o difunde en su interacción con un medio material. Conociendo el estado de polarización del haz incidente, es posible detectar las variaciones inducidas por la muestra y, a partir de ellas, obtener sus propiedades ópticas. La elipsometría, una técnica derivada de la polarimetría, se enfoca exclusivamente en estados de luz polarizada. Su principio se basa en analizar la polarización de un haz que se refleja en una superficie o lámina delgada, con el objetivo de extraer las propiedades ópticas del material. Esta técnica es especialmente relevante en nanofotónica, y es empleada en sectores como la microelectrónica, la energía solar, la biomedicina y la fabricación de materiales avanzados, donde el control del índice de refracción complejo resulta crucial para el diseño y optimización de dispositivos funcionales. El propósito de este proyecto es diseñar y montar un elipsómetro con configuración PSAr, simular las condiciones óptimas para la realización de las medidas con dicho dispositivo y utilizarlo para obtener las propiedades ópticas de dos sustratos metálicos: el oro (Au) y el aluminio (Al). Para ello, se procedió al montaje experimental y alineamiento del elipsómetro, realizando un estudio del rango espectral de la fuente de luz y el rango operacional de los polarizadores empleados. En la simulación, se evaluaron las desviaciones relativas de los resultados en función de la variación de los parámetros libres (el ángulo de incidencia, el ángulo del analizador y el ángulo del polarizador), para determinar los intervalos adecuados para llevar a cabo las medidas minimizando errores sistemáticos. Finalmente, se realizaron medidas experimentales donde se obtuvieron los valores del índice de refracción complejo (n, k) en el rango del visible para ambos sustratos. La comparación con los valores de referencia y los datos tomados con un elipsómetro comercial de alta precisión evidencian una gran concordancia y exactitud de las medidas. Se identificó que la principal fuente de error en el experimento está relacionada con la determinación del ángulo de incidencia (ϕ0).Polarimetry is a technique based on the study of changes in the polarization state of a light beam as it is reflected, transmitted, or scattered during its interaction with a material. By knowing the polarization state of the incident beam, it is possible to detect the variations induced by the sample and, from these, determine its optical properties. Ellipsometry, a technique derived from polarimetry, focuses exclusively on polarized light states. It is based on analyzing the polarization of a beam reflected from a surface or thin film, with the aim of getting the material’s optical properties. This technique is particularly relevant in nanophotonics and it is widely used in fields such as microelectronics, solar energy, biomedicine, and advanced materials manufacturing, where control of the complex refractive index is crucial for the design and optimization of functional devices. The purpose of this project is to design and assemble an ellipsometer with a PSAr configuration, simulate the optimal conditions for performing measurements with this device, and use it to determine the optical properties of two metallic substrates: gold (Au) and aluminium (Al). To this end, it was proceeded with the experimental setup and alignment of the ellipsometer, including a study of the spectral range of the light source and the operational range of the polarizers used. In the simulation, the relative deviations of the results were evaluated as a function of the variation of the free parameters (the angle of incidence, the angle of the analyzer and the angle of the polarizer), in order to determine the appropriate intervals for performing measurements while minimizing systematic errors. Finally, the complex refractive index (n, k) was obtained in the visible range for both substrates. The comparison with reference values and the data obtained using a high-precision commercial ellipsometer demonstrate a high degree of agreement and accuracy. The main source of error in the experiment was identified as being related to the determination of the angle of incidence (ϕ0).Grado en Físic
The second law of convenience and obtaining the benefit of exoneration of unsatisfied liability
No full textEl presente trabajo analiza críticamente el mecanismo de segunda oportunidad en el ordenamiento jurídico español, centrado en la Ley 25/2015 y sus reformas posteriores. A través de una metodología cualitativa basada en el análisis normativo, jurisprudencial y doctrinal, se examinan los principales obstáculos que enfrentan los deudores personas físicas de buena fe para acceder a la exoneración del pasivo insatisfecho. Se identifican deficiencias estructurales como la excesiva carga económica del procedimiento, la desigual interpretación judicial del requisito de buena fe y la escasa funcionalidad del acuerdo extrajudicial de pagos. El estudio concluye que, si bien el mecanismo persigue una finalidad regenerativa inspirada en el paradigma del fresh start, su aplicación práctica dista de garantizar una verdadera reintegración económica para los deudores honestos, proponiéndose reformas orientadas a una mayor accesibilidad, equidad y eficacia realThis paper offers a critical analysis of the second chance mechanism under Spanish law, with particular focus on Law 25/2015 and its subsequent reforms. Using a qualitative methodology based on legal, jurisprudential, and doctrinal sources, the study explores the main obstacles faced by honest individual debtors seeking discharge of unsatisfied liabilities. It highlights structural shortcomings such as the high financial cost of the procedure, inconsistent judicial interpretation of the good faith requirement, and the limited effectiveness of the out-of-court payment agreement. The research concludes that, although the mechanism aims to provide a fresh start for insolvent debtors, its real-world implementation fails to ensure genuine economic reintegration. The paper proposes several reforms aimed at improving accessibility, equity, and practical efficacyGrado en Derech
The materiality of circulation in the Atlantic World (II): books, fashion and food (16th-19th centuries)
Full text linkEsta segunda parte del dosier tiene como objetivo el estudio de la difusión de libros, moda y alimentos entre Europa y América durante la Edad Moderna. Así, el estudio de la oferta, circulación y consumo de estos objetos culturales muestra su relación con los cambios en la historia económica, social, cultural y política en ambos lados del Atlántico.This second part of the dossier aims to study the diffusion of books, fashion and food between Europe and America during the Ealy Modern Period. Thus, the study of the supply, circulation and consumption of these cultural objects shows their relationship with changes in economic, social, cultural and political history on both sides of the Atlantic.Este dosier doble forma parte del proyecto editorial impulsado por el Programa Interinstitucional El Mundo
Atlántico en la Modernidad Temprana, PIMAMT – CHAyA – UNLP; así como del Proyecto PI+D H936,
Política, cultura y poder en los espacios urbanos del mundo atlántico (Iberoamérica, siglos XVI-XIX):
conflictos y resistencias. Asimismo, cuenta con el patrocinio del Proyecto de Investigación Ciudades y villas
del Noroeste Ibérico: gobernanza y resistencias en la Edad Moderna (PID2021-124823NB-C21), financiado
por el Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovación, la Agencia Estatal de Investigación y fondos FEDER, España
Difussion of artificial intelligence in the spanish economy
No full textEn este trabajo se analizan los factores que determinan la difusión de la Inteligencia Artificial (IA) en las empresas españolas durante el período comprendido entre los años 2021 y 2024. En primer lugar, se abordan diversas definiciones de la IA y su evolución histórica, así como se destacan perspectivas aportadas por la Comisión Europea, el Parlamento Europeo y autores de prestigio, lo que permite contextualizar la relevancia y el alcance actual de la IA. También se tratan modelos teóricos que explican la adopción tecnológica, y los ámbitos de aplicación de la IA en España y en otros países.
Posteriormente, se lleva a cabo un análisis econométrico, en el que se utilizan variables relacionadas con la adopción de la IA, la disponibilidad de capital humano especializado en tecnologías (especialistas en TIC e IA), el uso de servicios de Cloud Computing, la utilización de Big Data y el Producto Interior Bruto a nivel regional, todo ello para las 17 comunidades autónomas que conforman España.
Para justificar la elección de las variables incluidas en el modelo se realiza un análisis descriptivo, que permite hacer comparaciones entre comunidades autónomas y entre las variables consideradas, para ello se utiliza representaciones gráficas y tablas que facilitan la interpretación de los datos.
Una vez evaluados los diferentes métodos econométricos, los resultados obtenidos indican que los factores más determinantes en la difusión de la Inteligencia Artificial en España son, por una parte, la disponibilidad de capital humano concretamente especializado en IA y, por otra, la utilización de herramientas analíticas avanzadas como Big Data. En contraposición, variables como la infraestructura tecnológica, el capital humano de carácter general y el tamaño económico regional no muestran efectos significativos sobre la adopción de esta tecnología.
Finalmente, el trabajo concluye con que la difusión de la Inteligencia Artificial en España presenta un patrón heterogéneo entre comunidades autónomas, destacando la importancia del talento especializado en IA y sugiriendo la necesidad de políticas orientadas a la formación especializada, para acelerar la incorporación efectiva de la Inteligencia Artificial en el tejido empresarial español.This study analyses the factors that determine the diffusion of Artificial Intelligence (AI) in Spanish companies during the period between 2021 and 2024. Firstly, various definitions of AI and its historical evolution are addressed, as well as perspectives provided by the European Commission, the European Parliament and renowned authors, which allow contextualizing the relevance and current scope of AI. Theoretical models that explain the technological adoption and application areas of AI in Spain and other countries are also explored.
Subsequently, an econometric analysis is carried out, using variables related to the adoption of AI, the availability of human capital specialized in technologies (ICT and AI specialists), the use of Cloud Computing services, the use of Big Data and the Gross Domestic Product at the regional level, all for the 17 autonomous communities that make up Spain.
To justify the choice of the variables included in the model, a descriptive analysis is carried out, which allows comparisons to be made between autonomous communities and between the variables considered, using graphical representations and tables to facilitate the interpretation of the data.
Once the different econometric methods have been evaluated, the results obtained indicate that the most determining factors in the diffusion of Artificial Intelligence in Spain are, on the one hand, the availability of human capital specifically specialized in AI and, on the other hand, the use of advanced analytical tools such as Big Data. In contrast, variables such as technological infrastructure, general human capital and regional economic size do not show significant effects on the adoption of this technology.
Finally, the paper concludes that the diffusion of Artificial Intelligence in Spain presents a heterogeneous pattern among autonomous communities, highlighting the importance of specialized talent in AI and suggesting the need for policies aimed at specialized training, to accelerate the effective incorporation of Artificial Intelligence in the Spanish business fabric.Grado en Economí
Turning waste into value: fabrication of gas diffusion electrodes from biomass-derived materials for CO2 electroreduction to formate
Full text linkClimate change, driven predominantly by anthropogenic activities such as fossil fuel combustion, has led to significant greenhouse gas emissions. In response, the United Nations' COP28 has set an ambitious goal to reduce emissions by 43 % by 2030, with the aim of limiting global temperature rise to 1.5 °C. Among the various CO2 mitigation strategies, Carbon Capture and Utilization (CCU) is particularly promising, especially the electrochemical reduction of CO2 into valuable chemicals. This process not only curtails CO2 emissions but also facilitates the production of renewable chemicals such as formic acid and formate. Gas diffusion electrodes (GDEs) are central to CO2 electroreduction, with the microporous layer playing a critical role in preventing flooding and optimizing catalyst interaction. However, traditional carbon black-based microporous layers, such as those made from Vulcan XC-72R, raise environmental and health concerns. This study explores the use of biomass-derived materials, specifically lignocellulosic species, processed via hydrothermal carbonization, pyrolysis, and chemical activation. The results show that GDEs incorporating a biomass and Vulcan XC-72R (50 % wt) mixture achieve high formate concentrations (1.8 g·L-1) and Faradaic efficiency toward formate (80 %) at 90 mA·cm-2-performances that are comparable to or even superior to those of GDEs made solely with commercial Vulcan XC-72R. This demonstrates that these sustainable biomass-derived materials have great potential to effectively replace up to 50 % of carbon black materials and thereby reducing reliance on non-renewable resources, for the production of high-value chemicals from CO2.The authors gratefully acknowledge financial support through projects TED2021-129810B-C21, PLEC2022-009398 (MCIN/AEI/ 10.13039/501100011033 and Uni´on Europea Next GenerationEU/ PRTR), PID2022-138491OB-C31 and PID2022-141265OB-I00 (MICIU/AEI/10.13039/501100011033 and FEDER, UE) and the Complementary Plan in the area of “Energy and Renewable Hydrogen” (funded by Autonomous Community of Cantabria, Spain, and the European Union Next GenerationEU/PRTR). The present work is related to CAPTUS Project. This project has received funding from the European Union’s Horizon 2020 - Research and Innovation Framework Programme under grant agreement No 101118265. Jose Antonio Abarca gratefully acknowledges the predoctoral research grant (FPI) PRE2021-097200