iRASD Journal of Energy & Environment
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Alcohol Blends for Experimental Investigation of Noise Emission and Deposit Accumulations in Diesel Engine
Full text linkIn this experimental study, three fuel samples—PD100, D95Bu5 (95%vol. diesel Bu5%vol. N-butanol), and D95Pn5 (96%vol. diesel, 4%vol. N-pentanol)—were tested for endurance in a single-cylinder CI engine as part of this inquiry. The study\u27s findings demonstrated that small deposits on the engine head were visible upon visual inspection of all gasoline samples tested. Compared to the engine running with DF, the D95Bu5 engine exhibited more carbon deposits on and around the engine head surface, according to SEM examinations. However, the binary mix D95Pn5 showed less carbon accumulation. At the moment, fuel blends were made from residual diesel, n-butanol and n-pentanol. When compared to DF, the deposit concentration was reduced by emulsion fuel in the binary blend, even when n-pentanol was added as blend D95Pn5 for aluminum (Al), calcium (Ca), and cadmium (Cd). Concentrations were further reduced
The Understanding of Willingness to Pay for Clean Drinking Water Through Extended Version of The Theory of Planned Behaviour
Full text linkThis study examines how extended version of Theory of Planned Behavior (TPB) affects households Willingness to pay (WTP) for getting access to clean drinking water. In order to validate how extended version of TPB and WTP are related, it also considers people\u27s Environmental concerns (EC) as antecedent variables to core TPB factors. The Structural Equation Modeling (SEM) is employed to validate the hypotheses of the research after recruiting 401 participants. The result of current study showed that TPB factors play a significant role in effecting households’ intention to pay (IP), which subsequently influences their WTP. Additionally, the households’ environmental concerns, as antecedent variable play a significant effect on core TPB factors i.e. attitude (ATT), subjective norm (SN) and perceived behavior control (PBC). In turn, these core factors of TPB shape households\u27 intention to pay, which subsequently influences their WTP for getting access to clean drinking water. It gives stakeholders a chance to observe how extended version of TPB and WTP interact with one another. To increase WTP for getting access to clean drinking water, raise awareness about environmental risks. Promoting the concern for environmental can improve attitudinal and behavioural aspect of an individual. These changes then result in enhancing intention to pay (IP). Aligning messages with people\u27s environmental values helps build support for sustainable water access. The recent study also contributes to the literature in behavioural and attitudinal contexts by examining extended TPB constructs, and community responsibility in relation to getting access to clean drinking water services
Preliminary Study on Wave Energy Plants for the Leeward Islands of Cabo Verde
Full text linkThis study assesses the viability of establishing offshore wave energy plants around the Leeward Islands of Cabo Verde, aiming to diversify the country\u27s energy mix and reduce reliance on fossil fuels. The research focuses on resizing three well-known wave energy converters (AquaBuoy, Wave Dragon, and Pelamis) to determine the scale factor (?) that maximizes their Capacity Factor (CF) in the region. Key performance indicators, including CF, Levelized Cost of Energy (LCOE), Cost-Benefit ratio (C/B), Total Investment Costs (TC), and Maritime Space Utilization Efficiency (?ut), were analyzed alongside environmental considerations to identify the most suitable technology for wave power plants. The Monte Carlo method was applied to account for uncertainties in technology costs and their effect on LCOE values. The results revealed that the optimal scale factors were ? = 0.3, 0.4, and 0.5, corresponding to the highest CF values for Wave Dragon (71.5%), AquaBuoy (56.8%), and Pelamis (25.6%), respectively. At full scale (? = 1), AquaBuoy emerged as the most suitable device, offering a CF of 18.8%, an LCOE of 210 /MWh, 597 /MWh, respectively. Notably, AquaBuoy\u27s LCOE (210 /MWh), underscoring its potential as a viable energy source for the country
Modelling of Groundwater Potential Zones by using GIS and Remote Sensing Techniques: A Case Study of Multan District
Full text linkAs groundwater plays a critical role in industry, residential as well as agricultural activities, its proper management is an important issue at the global level. In this paper, the Remote Sensing (RS), and Geographic Information System (GIS) technology are applied to forecasting the potential of ground water in Multan district of Pakistan. The level of water available in aquifers in various hydrological reasons is known as ground-water potential. To analyze the research area, there are eight significant factors that were considered and the research area is 3,721 square kilometers in size and is located in southern Punjab. They were drainage density, rainfall, soil texture, topographic wetness index (TWI), slope, aspect, elevation, and land cover and land use (LULC). The relative relevance of these aspects is determined by carrying out weighted overlay analysis with the Analytical Hierarchy Process (AHP) model. In the findings it is noted that there are four levels to the potentiality of ground water in the area of research; Low, moderate, high, and extremely high. The outcomes indicate that heavy vegetated areas experience low steepness of run off and high infiltration rates, which enhances recharging of groundwater. Rainfall and physiographic qualities mainly characterized by altitude and slope were identified as the most critical variables. Along with the provision of insightful information to be used in future planning and sustainable water resources management in the Multan District, this research provides evidence on the usefulness of GIS and RS technologies in evaluation of groundwater
Residents’ Perception of Household Wellbeing on Upland Trees Conservation in Mitigating Flood in Selected Flood-Prone Communities of Oyo State, Nigeria
Full text linkThe rate at which household wellness of most inhabitants in flood ravaged communities is alarming due to their vulnerability to flood. Therefore, the study sought examination of residents’ perception of household wellbeing on upland trees conservation, UTC in mitigating flood in flood-prone communities of Oyo state, Nigeria. 4-staged random procedure was used to select 99 residents. A structured questionnaire and interview session were used for information collection. Frequency distribution, percentages, mean scores and ranking were used to explain the objectives while Chi-square was used to test hypotheses. The findings showed that most respondents (68.7%) were female folks with average age of 39 years, married (74.7%), about 72.7% were indigene of the communities and 32.3% of residents had average income of $207.59 on monthly basis. Residents’ perception of living in worsen brick house (M=3.4) ranked 1st with rising its rising dilapidation (M=3.2) ranked 2nd. The Chi-square showed that there was significant relationship between UTC and residents’ perception of worsen brick house (?² = 17.12) and rising dilapidation of brick house (?² = 5.99) at p < 0.05 respectively. Whereas other perception of household wellbeing against UTC were not significant. In conclusion, the study depicts low utilisation which invariably reveals remarkably insignificant use of UTC in mitigating flood in Oyo state, Nigeria
Effect of Aluminum Oxide Nanoparticles on Particulate Emissions and Carbon Deposition in Compression Ignition Engines
Full text linkRapid urbanization worldwide is driving increased demand for petroleum products. Yet, crude oil reserves—finite, geographically concentrated resources—are insufficient to meet this rising need, especially in countries lacking substantial fossil fuel reserves. This situation underscores the urgency of shifting toward alternative energy sources before reserves are exhausted. This study conducted particulate matter emissions and endurance testing using diesel fuel mixed with aluminum oxide nanoparticles. The endurance test involved a single-cylinder, horizontal diesel engine, running for 60 hours without modifications. Two fuel samples were examined: D100 (pure diesel) as the baseline and D97Al?O? (97% diesel with 3% aluminum oxide nanoparticles). Engine performance metrics and sound pressure levels were recorded at a constant 1400 RPM, with variable loads from 0.0 to 1.6 Kg-m, incremented by 0.1 Kg-m. The load was set at 1.0 Kg-m for endurance testing with a constant 1400 RPM. Visual inspection of fuel injector tips helped analyze the deposition of aromatic compounds on injector surfaces for each fuel sample. Electron microscopy provided detailed insights into deposit formation, showing that carbon deposition was reduced by 22.22% when aluminum oxide was used as an additive further analysis of the particulate matter emissions the results shows that PM reduced by 12.08% in aluminum oxide compared to the diesel fuel. Because they aid in the creation of cleaner fuel technologies that can lessen reliance on traditional petroleum products and minimize pollution, the study\u27s findings have wider energy and environmental ramifications
Effect of Energy Utilization on Pakistan’s Economic Development: A Time Series Analysis
Full text linkThe present research has been conducted to study the causal relation among GDP, electricity utilization, exports, real capital and labor force for Pakistan. Time dependent data for the mentioned parameters have been used for the time period of 1980 to 2022. Inter-relations among the above-mentioned variables have been studied in this work by the method of cointegration using bounds test. The results illustrate that there is an existence of long run relation among the parameters where GDP has been taken into consideration as the dependent variable. Granger causation analysis has also been performed for the variables. Results show that Granger causality between GDP and electricity utilization runs in both directions. Moreover, the study discloses that Electricity utilization granger cause exports and per capita real capital. Exports granger cause per capita real capital. Per capita real capital granger cause GDP. Labor force granger cause GDP and exports. The long run relation equation of GDP, Electricity utilization, exports, real capital and labor force has also been examined for parameter stability. The parameters are found to be stable with the significance level of 5%. The research also suggests some significant strategy recommendations
An Overview on Photovoltaic System
Full text linkPhotovoltaic (PV) cells are a renewable energy source that is safe for the environment; they capture and convert sunlight into electrical power using solar arrays or modules. The PV panels generate electrical energy from solar radiation, and in this PV panel-based energy conversion system, maximum power point tracking (MPPT) is a crucial component. Partial shading conditions result in a decrease in the PV systems\u27 energy output, and this phenomenon is encountered in all types of PV systems. Hence, an in-depth description of the PV system is provided in this study
The Role of Knowledge, Consumption Behavior and Adoption of Renewable Energy on Environmental Management: Concern about Environment as Moderator
Full text linkEnvironmental management has been the significant factor that effect the sustainable development around the globe and this aspect requires the focus of recent studies. Hence, the present study examines the impact of knowledge, consumption behavior and adoption of renewable energy on environment management of industrial sector in Germany. The study also investigates the moderating role of concern about environment among knowledge, consumption behavior and adoption of renewable and environment management. The study collect the data from the employees of industrial sector who are dealing with environmental protection activities using surveys. The study checks the validity, reliability and association among variables using smart-PLS. The outcomes revealed that the knowledge, consumption behavior and adoption of renewable energy have a positive association with environment management. The results also exposed that the concern about environment significantly moderates among knowledge, consumption behavior and adoption of renewable energy and environment management. The study helps the regulators in making regulations related to environment management using effective knowledge, reliable consumption behavior and adoption of renewable energy
Economic Growth, Access to Clean Fuels & Technologies for Cooking, and Renewable Energy Consumption: Case of South Asian Economies
Full text linkEconomic growth—through growth affordability, growth investments, and growth-awareness associations—may lead to increased access to clean fuel and technologies for cooking (ACF&T). The current paper presents the trend and comparative analyses regarding GDP per capita, access to clean fuels and technologies for cooking, and renewable energy consumption (REC) in the South Asian economies. The data from Bangladesh, India, and Pakistan between 2000 and 2020 shows a strong positive correlation between GDP per capita and access to clean cooking technologies. India has made the most significant improvements, followed by Pakistan and Bangladesh. All three economies negatively correlate GDP per capita and renewable energy consumption. Bangladesh shows the steepest decline, followed by India and Pakistan, indicating a more pronounced shift towards nonrenewable energy sources as economic prosperity increases. The study concludes that economic development often involves transitioning from traditional renewable energy sources (such as biomass) to more modern, nonrenewable energy sources (such as fossil fuels), often more efficient and reliable for industrial and large-scale energy needs. Hence, developing infrastructure and industrial sectors might lead to higher consumption of nonrenewable energy sources. This points to a potential challenge for sustainable development, as increased economic prosperity might be accompanied by more significant environmental impact unless there are concerted efforts to promote renewable energy sources