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Predicting Sorption of Diverse Organic Compounds in Soil-Water Systems: Meta-Analysis, Machine Learning Modeling, and Global Soil Mapping
No full textIn recent decades, the environmental detection of various organic compounds (OCs) has highlighted the limitations of conventional soil-water sorption models, which simplify complex experimental conditions and often overlook OCs with polyfunctional and ionizable structures. To address these shortcomings, we compiled a comprehensive soil-water sorption dataset encompassing 20,945 data points for 419 OCs with various functional groups and 1037 different soils. Meta-analysis of the dataset revealed the trends of soil sorption associated with OC substructures, soil properties, and solution conditions. Machine learning models employing the XGBoost algorithm, in conjunction with MACCS fingerprints and experimental conditions, were developed to cover the entire spectrum of speciation for cationic, neutral, and anionic species. Among these, the individual models tailored to each speciation achieved an overall root-mean-square-error value of 0.32 for log Kd. Model interpretation revealed that the models correctly understood the contributions of various substructures, such as multiple aromatic rings and nitrogen or oxygen atoms, to sorption. The models were also found to accurately capture isotherm nonlinearity and the pH effect on the sorption of ionizable OCs. Finally, utilizing soil properties from the Harmonized World Soil Database, the models predicted the sorption of diverse OCs based on global soil properties under simulated environmental scenarios
Addressing HIV and Substance Use Health Disparities Among Racial/Ethnic Minority Individuals
No full textPurpose of Review: Advances in HIV testing, prevention, and treatment, alongside increased awareness and harm reduction efforts for substance use disorder (SUD) have improved care and treatment access over the past decade. However, racial and ethnic minorities with SUD and HIV or at risk for HIV still face disproportionately high health disparities. Understanding and addressing the reasons behind these disparities is crucial. Recent Findings: Structural and systemic barriers continue to negatively impact minoritized communities, due to lack of access to care, mistrust, and feelings of ostracization. Disconnected systems for HIV and SUD treatment complicate combined care. Delays in HIV diagnosis and viral suppression reduce life expectancy for minority populations by around 10 years. Summary: Healthcare systems need to become more integrated, accessible, and culturally welcoming to marginalized communities. Promising interventions utilizing technology, harm reduction, and mobile service delivery can reduce barriers and improve outcomes for minority individuals
The Structure of the Drp1 Lattice on Membrane
No full textMitochondrial health relies on the membrane fission mediated by dynamin-related protein 1 (Drp1). Previous structural studies of Drp1 on remodeled membranes were hampered by heterogeneity, leaving a critical gap in the understanding of the mitochondrial fission mechanisms. Here we present a cryo-electron microscopy structure of full-length human Drp1 decorated on membrane tubules. Using the reconstruction of average subtracted tubular regions (RASTR) technique, we report that Drp1 forms a locally ordered lattice along the tubule without global helical symmetry. The filaments in the lattice are similar to dynamin rungs with conserved stalk interactions. Adjacent filaments are connected by GTPase domain interactions in a novel stacked conformation. We identified two states of the Drp1 lattice among the heterogenous dataset representing conformational changes around hinge 1. Additionally, we observed contact between Drp1 and membrane that can be assigned to the variable domain sequence. Together these structures revealed a putative mechanism by which Drp1 constricts mitochondria membranes in a stepwise, “ratchet” manner
A Novel Approach to Competency-Based Education for Pediatric Nurse Practitioners: Bringing Clarity to Competencies
No full textIntroduction: Guidance for Pediatric Nurse Practitioner (PNP) competency-based education (CBE) is provided by the National Organization of Nurse Practitioner Faculties (NONPF) and the American Association of Colleges of Nursing (AACN) The Essentials: Core Competencies for Professional Nursing Education (“Essentials”). The 2021 AACN Essentials update prompted a significant shift from traditional to (CBE)for Nurse Practitioner (NP) faculty. NONPF has responded, updating its NP Role Core Competencies and domains to be congruent with the AACN 2021 Essentials, but NONPF\u27s population-specific competencies remain unchanged since 2013. Methods: Two PNP faculty conducted a multistep crosswalk between the NONPF 2013 population-based competencies for Primary and Acute Care PNPs to the AACN Essentials competencies. Results: The crosswalk provides CBE implementation support for PNP educators. Discussion: The authors introduce Clarity to Competencies, an innovative exercise adapted from Madness to Methods, based on the NONPF to AACN crosswalk, to provide novel methods for teaching and assessing PNP competencies
Systematic Review on the Treatment of Emotional Abuse Victimization in Women by an Intimate Partner
No full textPurpose: Emotional partner abuse, often closely intertwined with physical assault, involves persistent emotional mistreatment by an intimate partner. Despite its significance, research specifically focusing on emotional IPV is limited. This study systematically reviews the effectiveness of treatments for women victimized by emotional abuse from an intimate partner. Methods: Following the guidelines outlined in the Cochrane Handbook for Systematic Reviews of Interventions, we identified four relevant studies published between 2010 and 2019 with interventions designed for survivors of IPV. Results: The total sample size of 857 was included in the current study (I2 = 95%). Our systematic review revealed two studies in perinatal (Zlotnick (Archives of Women\u27s Mental Health, 22, 315-325, 2019); SMD = 7.89 CI: 2.61, 13.17) and postpartum women (Bair-Merritt et al. (Archives of Pediatrics & Adolescent Medicine, 164(1), 16-23, 2010); SMD = 11.90 CI: 8.49, 15.31) showing an increase in emotional abuse scores for those receiving the intervention compared to control group, while others indicated either unclear change Tirado-Muñoz et al. (Adicciones, 27(3), 168-178, 2015) 2015; SMD = -1.20 CI: -4.94, 2.54) or a marginal reduction Tiwari et al. (JAMA, 304(5), 536-543, 2010)- Tiwari et al. (International Journal of Nursing Studies, 49(6), 645-655, 2012) SMD = -2.04; CI: -4.08, 0.00) in emotional abuse scores compared to controls. Conclusions: The variability among studies stresses the importance of developing targeted interventions for emotional IPV, as current approaches may inadvertently show less reduction of emotional abuse compared to controls particularly for perinatal and postpartum women
Examining the Effects of Mental Health and Parent–Youth Relationship on the Associations Between Childhood Violence Exposure and Adolescent Dating Violence Perpetration
No full textBackground/objectives: Adolescent dating violence (ADV) is a serious public health concern affecting youth worldwide. Potential risk factors of ADV include child maltreatment (CM) and intimate partner violence exposure (eIPV), though existing research on ADV perpetration specifically is inconsistent. There is limited research on co-occurring eIPV and CM, despite co-occurrence in 30–60% of homes where there is one. This study aims to address these gaps by testing the impact of childhood violence exposure on ADV perpetration and assessing two potential, theory-informed mitigating factors—mental health and parent–youth relationship. Methods: This study utilizes moderated-mediation structural equation modeling with longitudinal data from a sample of 2354 U.S. adolescents (10–18) and one of their caregivers. Three models were tested: (1) childhood violence exposure (eIPV only, CM only, or co-occurring CM & EIPV) and ADV perpetration; (2) mediation by mental health quality on model 1; and (3) overall moderation by parent–youth relationship quality on model 2. Results: The final sample consisted of 961 youth with a history of dating. A significant direct effect between eIPV and ADV perpetration was found. There was a significant direct effect between co-occurrence (eIPV & CM) and ADV perpetration, which was mediated by mental health quality. Conclusions: This study further emphasizes the relation between eIPV and ADV and provides novel evidence of the impact co-occurrence has on ADV. Evidence of a trauma-informed mitigating factor, mental health quality, offers a potential point of intervention to be considered by mental health providers and ADV prevention/intervention programs
Assessing Ohio’s Renewable Energy Landscape: Challenges, Progress, and Regional Comparisons
Full text linkThe Association Between Medication Adherence, Internalized Stigma and Social Support Among Outpatients with Major Depressive Disorder in a Malaysian Hospital: A Cross-Sectional Study
No full textBackground: Internalized stigma and medication non-adherence pose significant challenges for treating major depressive disorder (MDD), leading to disability, increased suicide risk, and morbidity. Limited data exists on modifiable factors associated with adherence in lower-resourced settings like Malaysia. This study aimed to investigate poor adherence prevalence and the demographic and clinical factors associated with poor medication adherence among patients with MDD. Methods: This cross-sectional survey recruited participants using universal sampling from a major hospital in Selangor, Malaysia. Participants answered questionnaires consisting of demographic and clinical information (medical history, duration of anti-depressant treatment for MDD, psychiatric ward admission history, and any medication side effects experienced), the Internalized Stigma of Mental Illness Scale (comprising alienation, stereotype, perceived discrimination, and social withdrawal), the Multidimensional Scale of Perceived Social Support (comprising family, friend, and significant other support), and the Malaysia Medication Adherence Assessment Tool. Simple and multiple logistic regression and mediation analyses were conducted. Results: Of the 268 participants (69% female), 57.1% were suboptimally or moderately adherent to their medication. Buddhists (adjusted odds ratio [aOR] = 0.280, 95% CI [0.115, 0.679], p = 0.005), higher family support (aOR = 0.753, 95% CI [0.591, 0.960], p = 0.022), a history of ward admissions (aOR = 3.523, 95% CI [1.537, 8.072], p = 0.003), and higher internalized stigma (aOR = 2.828, 95% CI [1.497, 5.344], p = 0.001) were significantly associated with low/moderate medication adherence. The effect of internalized stigma subdomains (alienation, perceived discrimination, and social withdrawal) on medication adherence were partially mediated by family support. Conclusion: More than half of the participants demonstrated low to moderate medication adherence. Those with higher internalized stigma demonstrated higher odds of low/moderate medication adherence, but this effect was attenuated by family support. Therefore, internalized stigma and family support are important points of consideration when assessing patients with MDD in Malaysia
Evaluation of Hypolipidemic and Hypoglycemic Effects of Dillenia Indica L. on Alloxan-Induced Diabetic Rats
No full textContext: Dillenia indica L. a tropical fruit-bearing plant native to South and Southeast Asia, has attracted scientific interest due to its rich phytochemical composition and potential therapeutic benefits in managing diabetes, lipid disorders, and oxidative stress. Objective: The objective of this study was to investigate the potential antidiabetic and lipid-lowering properties of D. indica fruit and bark extracts in a rat model of alloxan-induced type 2 diabetes. Methods: Diabetes was induced in rats using an intraperitoneal injection of alloxan (160 mg/kg) after a 12-hour fast. The chloroform fractions of D. indica fruit and bark (200 mg/kg) were administered intraperitoneally, with metformin (150 mg/kg) serving as the standard drug. Fasting blood glucose levels were measured at 0, 24, 40, and 50 hours. Upon completion of the experiment, blood samples were collected for the evaluation of total cholesterol (TC) and triglyceride (TG) levels. Results: The chloroform fraction of D. indica fruit significantly reduced FBG levels by 65% after 50 hours, closely matching the effect of metformin. It also decreased elevated TC and TG levels by 60% and 55%, respectively. In contrast, the bark extract initially lowered FBG but caused a 30% rebound increase at 50 hours and led to increased TC and TG levels by 28% and 54%, respectively. Conclusion: The chloroform fraction of D. indica fruit demonstrates potent antidiabetic and lipidlowering activity, indicating its promise as a natural therapeutic agent for managing hyperglycemia and dyslipidemia in type 2 diabetes. The inconsistent effects of the bark extract warrant further investigation
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