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Business Innovation as a Force for Good: From Doing Less Harm to Positive Impact Type 1 and Type 2
No full textCommitments of “getting to zero” or becoming a regenerative company are raising investor, customer, and employee expectations at a time when businesses are struggling just to reduce negative impacts. Executives are increasingly caught between wanting to build a better world and the reality of managing value-add activities that continue to harm people and the environment. Businesses need to distinguish between three types of innovation impacts to maintain their credibility and legitimacy. The first is doing less harm, where the goal is to minimize social wrongs and reduce ecological footprints. The second is incremental positive impact, where the goal is to increase prosperity, regenerate nature, and improve wellbeing through initiatives that are typically of limited scope. The third is system-wide positive impact, where scalable business innovations have a discernible capacity to “move the needle” on social and global challenges such as climate change and social equity. This conceptual paper provides a framework for assessing business innovations by type of impact and the high-leverage points needed to create desired change at the scale of the whole
Kinetics of Selenate Reduction Mediated by Underpotentially Deposited Cu on Polycrystalline Au Electrodes in Aqueous Perchloric Acid
No full textThe reduction of selenate, SeO²₄⁻(aq),in 0.1 M HClO₄ solutions, induced by underpotential deposition, UPD, of Cu on polycrystalline Au electrodes was investigated using the rotating ring-disk electrode, RRDE, technique. Design and implementation of electrode potential-rotation rate protocols made it possible to determine the rates of SeO²₄⁻(aq)reduction as a function of Cu coverage, θCu, as determined by the Bruckenstein method (Swathirajan et al. J. Phys. Chem. 1982, 86, 2480–2485). In agreement with the results reported recently for Au(111) film electrodes (Strobl et al. Electrochimica Acta 2024, 493, 144,298), the reaction was found to proceed only for θCu above a critical value, i.e. ca. 0.39, in this case, and the mechanism is consistent with an initial reversible formation of adsorbed Cu|SeO²₄⁻(ads),followed by its subsequent irreversible reduction, to yield a yet to be identified species denoted as Cu|Se(ads), as the rate determining step. Best fits of the kinetic model yielded values of the equilibrium constant for adduct formation, K, and first order rate constant for adduct reduction, kET, in the range (2.4 – 45) × 10⁶cm³mol⁻¹ and (0.55 – 30) × 10⁻³s⁻¹, respectively, which are close to those found for Au(111). This unique electrocatalytic effect has been attributed to a shift in the potential of zero charge of the bare substrate toward more negative values, induced by the metal UPD, which promotes the adsorption of the oxyanion at potentials more negative than those found for the bare substrate, making it possible to access overpotentials large enough for its further reduction to ensue
Low-Frequency Stimulation of Corpus Callosum Suppresses Epileptiform Activity in The Cortex Through Γ-Aminobutyric Acid Type B Receptor and Slow Afterhyperpolarization-Mediated Reduction in Tissue Excitability
No full textObjective: Deep brain stimulation, particularly low-frequency stimulation (LFS) targeting fiber tracts, has emerged as a potential therapy for drug-resistant epilepsy (DRE) and for generalized epilepsy, both of which pose significant treatment challenges. LFS diffusely suppresses seizures in the cortex when applied to fiber tracts like the corpus callosum (CC). Nevertheless, the specific processes responsible for suppressing epileptic activity in the cortex induced by LFS remain unclear. This study investigates the mechanisms underlying the antiepileptic effect in the cortex of LFS of the CC in coronal rodent brain slices. Methods: An in vitro 4-aminopyridine (4-AP) seizure model of cortical seizures was generated. LFS stimulation parameters were optimized to provide the largest antiepileptic effect in the cortex when applied to the CC. Changes to tissue excitability and percent time spent seizing were measured due to LFS in artificial cerebrospinal fluid, 4-AP, and in the presence of various specific and nonspecific γ-aminobutyric acid type B (GABAB) and slow afterhyperpolarization (sAHP) antagonists. Results: LFS significantly suppressed seizure activity in the cortex, with an optimal frequency of 5 Hz (76.5%). Tissue excitability during LFS reduces across a wide range of interstimulus intervals, with a maximum reduction at 200 ms. Notably, the tissue excitability remains depressed at 1000 ms. LFS, in the presence of GABAB antagonists, had diminished seizure reduction (\u3c15%) and failed to reduce tissue excitability in the 50–400-ms range. Tissue excitability measured with paired pulses in the 600–1000-ms range was depressed in the presence of GABAB antagonists, suggesting a different antiepileptic mechanism was active. Upon administering sAHP antagonists, seizure reduction was once again diminished (\u3c15%). Upon administration of both sAHP and GABAB antagonists, LFS failed to provide any meaningful seizure reduction (\u3c5%). Significance: LFS of the CC provides an antiepileptic effect in the cortex with well-understood mechanisms and could be an alternative to surgical intervention for patients suffering from DRE
Improving Performance of TPU by Controlled Crosslinking of Soft Segments
No full textThermoplastic polyurethanes (TPUs) are a family of thermoplastic elastomers with great properties such as high elongation and excellent chemical and abrasion resistance, which are processable by conventional melting methods. Nevertheless, TPUs lose mechanical properties and thermal stability at higher temperatures. In this work, we designed and synthesized a new TPU with limited crosslinking of the soft segments in order to improve its performance at high temperatures while preserving processability. Additionally, the new TPU maintains its transparency. With the incorporation of 10% trifunctional polyol, the T was increased by 7°C, the storage modulus at room temperature (25°C) was improved by 412 MPa (136%), the rubbery plateau was extended by 32°C and the thermal stability was enhanced by 4°C at T5. Moreover, the TPU with controlled crosslinking of the soft segments shows exceptional creep behavior both at room temperature and at 150°C, where the creep rate decreased by 80%. The new TPU shows limited decrease in tensile properties and can be processed by conventional thermoplastic processing techniques. Highlights: Design and synthesis of a new TPU with limited crosslinking of the soft segments. Incorporation of the crosslinks into the soft segments preserves system processability. Enhanced mechanical and thermal properties while preserving system transparency. High temperature application window extended by 32°C. Creep rate at 150°C lowered by 80%
Internalizations of Decorated Bicategories via Π₂-Indexings
No full textWe treat the problem of lifting bicategories into double categories through categories of vertical morphisms. We consider structures on decorated 2-categories allowing us to formally implement arguments of sliding certain squares along vertical subdivisions in double categories. We call these structures π₂ indexings. We present a construction associating, to every π₂ indexing on a decorated 2-category, a length 1 double internalization
A Turn-Off Fluorescent Sensor for Metal Ions Quantifies Corrosion in an Organic Solvent
No full textWe demonstrate that the corrosion of AISI 1045 medium carbon steel and pure aluminum can be quantified by the turn-off fluorescent sensor Phen Green-SK (PGSK) in ethanol-based solutions. We first evaluate the dependence of the chelation enhanced quenching of PGSK on iron and aluminum ion concentrations. Subsequently, we apply PGSK to examine the anodic dissolution of metal corrosion. The observed time-dependent PGSK-quenching quantifies the corrosion rates of two metals over 24 h of immersion in ethanol-based solutions. The PGSK-based quantification of corrosion is compared to scanning electron microscopy and electrochemical techniques, including open circuit potential and Tafel extrapolation. The corrosion rates calculated from PGSK-quenching and Tafel extrapolation are in agreement, and both indicate a decrease in corrosion rates over 24 h. Our work shows PGSK can efficiently sense and quantify anodic corrosion reactions at metal interfaces, especially in organic solvents or other non-aqueous environments where the application of electrochemical techniques can be limited by the poor conductivity of the surrounding medium
WFLDI: Women Faculty Leadership Development Institute
Get PDFA program description and evaluation of the Women Faculty Leadership Development Institute: What\u27s Next? Programhttps://commons.case.edu/mathercenter-briefs/1006/thumbnail.jp
Black Nationalism and Black Power’s Influence on Karamu House
Get PDFThis article will explore the impact of the Black Nationalist and Black Power Movement on Karamu House, the oldest Black theater in America. Karamu House, initially established as an integrated settlement house in 1915, later became an influential community theater in Cleveland, Ohio. By examining how an integrated theater shifted into prominently producing radical Black artistry, this article will uncover how Black Nationalism and Black Power changed the leadership, artistry, and goals of Karamu House. Furthermore, studying this shift highlights Black artists’ historical utilization of theater as a form of resistance against racial oppression and Karamu House’s participation in this artistic protest
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