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Casting light to the shadows of informal planning networks: how downstream stakeholders seek and protect salience in neighbourhood planning enclaves
No full textProceedings of the IV World Planning Schools Congress, July 3-8th, 2016 : Global crisis, planning and challenges to spatial justice in the north and in the southEstablished neighbourhoods carry a history of commercial, government and community interests that are put at stake in neighbourhood planning initiatives. In an effort to reduce uncertainty and protect community interests, local government planning agencies often define a boundary for any given neighbourhood planning project to ensure that only the voices within the boundary (and by extension, local residential and business community) are considered in any subsequent planning decisions. While these approaches are often considered inclusive in nature, as they champion the voice of local community, this inclusion comes at the cost of excluding stakeholders that sit downstream of many of the consequential changes to the physical, social and economic environment. While these downstream stakeholders hold no legitimate inclusion into localised neighbourhood planning initiatives, the potential consequences may drive downstream stakeholders to proactively seek the inclusion of their interests in an otherwise exclusive planning regime (as per Stratford & Wells, 2009). Why downstream stakeholders seek inclusion is not a mystery, particularly in contexts where inclusion is not a central tenet of the planning initiative (Innes, 1996), but how (and with what impact) is largely underexplored beyond the generalist term of “lobbying”.publishedVersio
The future of the service-learning studio in planning education
No full textProceedings of the IV World Planning Schools Congress, July 3-8th, 2016 : Global crisis, planning and challenges to spatial justice in the north and in the southUniversities fulfill their social role through three fundamental areas: a) advancement of knowledge, b) education of future professionals, and c) service to the communities in their sphere of influence. One of the ways that universities respond to these areas but particularly with respect to service to communities is through studio-based service learning. This is a teaching and learning strategy that integrates meaningful community service with instruction and reflection to enrich the learning experience, teach civic culture and responsibility, and help strengthen the communities they serve. Usually studio-based service learning involves learn-by-doing problem-solving pedagogies initiated in the studio and extended to interact with the community and “real world environments”. This panel’s main goal is to discuss the pedagogical aspects of service-learning studios, their role, and, given pressures on department budgets and skill sets of professors, their future in planning education. Studio-based service learning has a long established place in the pedagogic traditions of planning programs evolved from physical planning based professions notably architecture, landscape architecture and geography (Dalton, 2001; Frank, 2006). These studios involve problem-solving learn-by-doing pedagogies that are student-centered and focus on quasi-real world projects, community engagement, creative thinking, group work, and practical outcomes (Higgins & Morgan, 2000).publishedVersio
The territorial planning practices in the field of education: search of the "state of the art"
No full textProceedings of the IV World Planning Schools Congress, July 3-8th, 2016 : Global crisis, planning and challenges to spatial justice in the north and in the southThis work consists of a literature review in an attempt to find the state of the art research in the area of Planning and Regional involving the "practices" of territorial planning in the field of Education in an interdisciplinary field of knowledge. The research was faced with the possibility of inventorying the academic and scientific, involving the area of Education and territorial planning, from mapping this production, at a certain time and place. Furthermore, this research aimed to contribute to the writing of the history of the two fields of knowledge, considering their intersections. It is important to note what is meant by "practice" PGT this search. The practices are understood as experience reports, implementation of the initiatives of the instruments involving the territory and the area of PGT, case studies, fleeing only the theoretical scope. In this sense, there is no denying the importance of the development of theoretical research, as they provide support for the entire course of other research. However, out of the academy, the problems of reality pull the responsibility so there is the application or the practice of what is produced in the theoretical context, for I should have no point in producing so many new knowledge. Thus, the knowledge must come to society, seeking better living conditions.publishedVersio
Collaborative planning partnerships for affordable housing: rights, needs and interests
No full textProceedings of the IV World Planning Schools Congress, July 3-8th, 2016 : Global crisis, planning and challenges to spatial justice in the north and in the southIn recent years, collaborative planning has become dominant in both planning theory and practice, attracting both strong proponents (Healey, 1997; Forester, 1999; Innes and Booher, 2010) and excoriating critics (Sanders, 1997; Rydin, 2007; Allmendinger and Haughton, 2012). Case studies of collaborative planning, whether laudatory, critical, or somewhere in between, have tended to focus on neighbourhood planning, metropolitan strategy formulation, and environmental management (McCann, 2001; Margerum, 2002; Hopkins, 2010; Legacy, 2012)
This paper takes a comparative approach to describing and analysing collaborative partnerships for affordable housing in four cities of the developed world. In Portland, US and Vancouver, Canada, affordable housing partnerships have grown out of a relatively consensual tradition of metropolitan governance, while in Melbourne, Australia, and Toronto, Canada, affordable housing partnerships have found it somewhat more difficult to establish themselves in a highly fragmented and politicized local governance context. In all of these cities, affordable housing partnerships are attempting to improve policies and practices, towards both more and better housing for low and moderate income households.publishedVersio
BrookesBUDS: impacting student learning and the development of international professional skills with a real-life urban design experience in Brazil
No full textProceedings of the IV World Planning Schools Congress, July 3-8th, 2016 : Global crisis, planning and challenges to spatial justice in the north and in the southThis paper examines the impacts that live projects in international contexts can have in the learning experience of students in urban design. It also reflects on possible barriers and challenges posed by cross-cultural experiences. The project being examined is BrookesBUDS (Brazil Urban Design Study) which took place over three weeks in May 2013 and again in April 2015 as a ‘reallife’ professional experience for students interested in urban design. It involved students from Oxford Brookes University and three universities and local communities in Brazil working collaboratively to develop urban design principles and guidelines to address issues related to fast urban housing development. The preparation stage focused on the development of several academic and professional skills including students learning how to bid for research grants (awarded by Santander Scholarship), how to prepare and deliver lectures for an international audience, how to write research reports for online publication and how to socially and professionally interact with vulnerable local communities in Brazil. The evaluation of the project is based on critical reflections from participants in the UK and in Brazil and shows that such experiences positively contribute to students developing greater awareness of professional practice in differentcultural, social, political and economic contexts. It also shows that live international experiences can have positive impacts on the learning experience of those students and staff at the hosting universities.publishedVersio
Informality and planning education: opportunities for innovation?
No full textProceedings of the IV World Planning Schools Congress, July 3-8th, 2016 : Global crisis, planning and challenges to spatial justice in the north and in the southThe global financial crisis and subsequent austerity measures in the North and South have brought into stark relief, the limitations of the formal economy in absorbing labour, and the diminishing role of the state in providing access to basic services and housing. Further, in many cities of the South, institutional and legal provisions remain detached from the everyday urban realities and are unable to create a platform for inclusive city planning and service provision. Informal urbanization has therefore continued to become a feature of cities in the global South, as evident in the proliferation of informal settlements on the fringes and on ‘leftover’ land in urban spaces and the increasing importance of the informal economy in providing livelihoods to many. The traditional approach to urban planning, one that emphasizes predictability and control, is ill equipped to deal with the scale at which informality manifests in cities of the global South. Informal settlements not only make up a large portion of the global South cities but are also a dynamic part of them in physical, social and cultural terms. Fiori and Brandao (2010: 188) argue that “Urban informality is inexorably interwoven with the city as a whole – at all scales and levels – and has to be seen as another way of being in the city and constructing it.”publishedVersio
Small and medium-sized towns: role and policy challenges in a globalized world
No full textProceedings of the IV World Planning Schools Congress, July 3-8th, 2016 : Global crisis, planning and challenges to spatial justice in the north and in the southDuring the last decades, metropolises and large city-regions around the world have been considered by many scholars and policymakers as the main drivers of development (Friedmann, 1986; World Bank, 2009). Within the context of the current economic slowdown in many countries, large cities are seen again as catalysts. Economists claim that urban location advantages augment when the city size increases due to externalities that stem from investments in public services, large markets of outputs, and large and diversified markets of inputs. In contrast, small and medium-sized towns have been left aside and far less a subject of a scientific discussion (Bell and Jayne, 2009). But critical views have emerged. For instance, J. Robinson (2002) argues that urban research has been dominated by studies on large cities in developed countries. Through the concept of “ordinary cities”, she claims that all cities, regardless of their size or location, show dynamic and innovative aspects; and at the same time they face constraints and challenges. In the global South, it seems important to explore the role of small towns within rapid urbanization. On other continents, and especially in Europe, how can secondary towns contribute to territorial cohesion, for instance in rural and peripheral regions undergoing ageing and depopulation?publishedVersio
The impact of the possession relation caused by the socialist transformation of private house properties on the streets interface in the old town of Shanghai
No full textProceedings of the IV World Planning Schools Congress, July 3-8th, 2016 : Global crisis, planning and challenges to spatial justice in the north and in the southSocialist transformation of private house properties is an important part of socialist transformation of China. From 1950 to the present, the private housing of Shanghai experienced a complex historical process, which mainly consists of the following three stages: the protection of the private housing from the early new China to the early 1960s, public-private partnerships of rental private housing, commissioned rental housing. During this period, the private housing ownership of Shanghai had occurred complex and profound changes: the original owners gradually lost their ownership of the private housing. All of these houses were redistributed to the other people except the original owners under the socialist redistribution system. At the same time, the government charge a little for them. Because of this, the old town of Shanghai exists a lot of public housing now. With the socialist transformation of private housing, these houses are actually in a possession relationship with the residents who live in. Based on the possession relation, the residents cultivated a series of possess behaviors. Taking possession as the starting point, the study explore how the interaction between people and housing like this impacts the streets interface，thereby providing new ideas and methods for the future renovation of the old town streets interface.publishedVersio
Emergent urban spaces: a planetary perspective
No full textProceedings of the IV World Planning Schools Congress, July 3-8th, 2016 : Global crisis, planning and challenges to spatial justice in the north and in the southThe session explores some of the conceptual, methodological and practical strengths and limitations of one dominant approach in contemporary urban theory – planetary urbanisation. With its main advocate being Brenner (2014), this is a neo-Lefebvrean approach, which intends to overcome dichotomies such as North and South, developed and developing, and city and countryside. It challenges bounded urbanisms and holds the key assumption that in our contemporary world everything is urban. According to Brenner (2014), the urban describes the concentration of infrastructure and populations in cities (implosions) but, simultaneously, it refers to urban features in non-urban settings (explosions). Hence, the urban represents a global condition characterised by a set of politico-economic relations associated with processes of extractivism, neoliberalism, capitalist land management, etc. Though an increasingly dominant approach in urban studies, planetary urbanisation perspectives also pose new challenges: Current research mainly set out a new research agenda but has not provided a sufficient theoretical and methodological ‘tool kit’ which allows for its application.publishedVersio
Planning as curating everyday micro-contexts for a better public policy in the Favelas: The case of the Favela School of Architecture
No full textProceedings of the IV World Planning Schools Congress, July 3-8th, 2016 : Global crisis, planning and challenges to spatial justice in the north and in the southDaily life is taken for granted by Brazilian public policies. Nevertheless this is a crucial coarser grain of the urban dimension, as it is the stage of the assertion of democracy and equality among the different powers and actors in the city. Therefore, transformations and subversions occur in this dimension of the city. Here, the aim is to tackle this broad discussion according to the current needs of Brazilian society. This paper thus scrutinises forms of alternative participatory urbanism which emerged during the past few years and which tackle the housing issue.
A case in the School of Favela Architecture, explore forms of curating the existing social practices of the residents. The thus proceeding proposes a framework willing to better address participatory planning in the context of the open architecture of favelas. Innumerous transcripts and ethnographic tools were applied in order to elaborate guidelines for planning coupled with the context of everyday.
A slum is an indisputable reality in Brazil, and its spatial configurations convey so many complex dimensions of the urban fabric that it cannot be reversed only by policies. The investigation on the curatorial role of architects becomes a crucial aspect for the creation of planning tools, for many reasons.publishedVersio