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Towards a new integrative planning model for sustainable development - the case of Poland
No full textProceedings of the IV World Planning Schools Congress, July 3-8th, 2016 : Global crisis, planning and challenges to spatial justice in the north and in the southPoland, like other former Communist countries by changing political system and accepting market economy, has deregulated and dismantled control system of physical development in conjunction with the physical planning. As a consequence of the liberal doctrines and global pressure and speculation, land-use planning in Poland has been discredited. Physical Planning is optional. New buildings sites are not sufficiently linked to the responsibility of infrastructure financing by its direct users. Land value generated in the processes of planning and by building the infrastructure is taken over almost all by private sector. The faulty system of planning has accelerated urban sprawl and spatial chaos. In country sites and rural areas we have transfer the land for construction sites up to 60 million people (while Poland has 38.5 million inhabitants). In master plans (called the study of condition and spatial development direction not having the status of local by law) researchers estimated that local authorities have foreseen the land to be transferred for construction purposes for more than 180 to 220 million people.
Poland is looking for a new model of effective spatial planning and territorial development. The separately functioning system of public economic development planning leads to the emergence of a natural contradiction in proceeding and implementing between the sphere of economic and spatial planning. In the face of a lack of consistent methods and the complexity of the analysed processes, these discrepancies are even greater. Socioeconomic planning develops along its own course. Spatial issues are considered marginal, often seen as inconvenient determinants or even obstacles. Spatial factors are treated as variables that complicate forecasting models of development processes and, therefore, are readily ignored in forecasts. Hope lies in the integrated approach to the public planning for the regional and local development.publishedVersio
Climate change and planning: the risk of aggravating socio-spatial exclusion
No full textProceedings of the IV World Planning Schools Congress, July 3-8th, 2016 : Global crisis, planning and challenges to spatial justice in the north and in the southThroughout its evolution, urban planning has assimilated environmental thinking and the concept of sustainability. Now, climate change is affecting all human activities and, as should be expected, is also affecting the spatial planning in both theories and practices. At first, planning has incorporated the concepts of mitigation and adaptation, moving forward, then, to the notion of urban resilience. More recently, planners begin to understand that, like the environmental issue, the climate issue is also, in its essence, a social issue, inseparable from equity and social justice.
The intensification of extreme weather events and the acceleration of global climate change add urgency to the environmental debate, bringing challenges and opportunities that require a temporal and geographic cross-scale approach to coordinate global and local actions over several generations. Climate change, and the adaptations resulting therefrom, tend to reinforce the concentration of wealth and power, alienating local populations and increasing their vulnerability. In a stratified world, with asymmetrical power systems, the lack of understanding of the consequences of mitigation and adaptation to climate change may inadvertently reproduce or deepen the damage they aim to fix. So that interventions can be locally relevant, adaptation and climate mitigation should promote environmental justice in the form of rights and representation - empowerment of local people.
We noticed with concern that, frequently, the actions to adapt to climate change adopted in our cities are actually increasing the risk they should reduce. In addition to consuming scarce public and private resources, and a precious time of reaction, these bad adaptations cause, tragically, a false sense of security that only increases the danger to which the population is exposed.publishedVersio
Territorial agreements and disagreements. Reflections on tri-border governance
No full textProceedings of the IV World Planning Schools Congress, July 3-8th, 2016 : Global crisis, planning and challenges to spatial justice in the north and in the southThis text represents an effort to think and show the relations that link the territorial development with territorial planning, management and governance. The main problem identified consists in the low levels of quality of life and the meager development prospects of the population on the study area, which arise from a fragmented, inefficient and ineffective planning and land management process that contributes to the destruction of the natural environment.
The study object is the area composed by the Amazon tri-border between the towns of Iñapari (Peru) Assis Brasil (Brazil) and Bolpebra (Bolivia). Our objective of study is to bring a new understanding of the planning process and management from the perspective of territorial governance, in order to establish the main guidelines for the development of a tri-frontier territorial governance model that contribute to improve the management and the increase of standard life quality of local people.publishedVersio
Try it again! The public consultation for the Brazil National Sanitation Plan
No full textProceedings of the IV World Planning Schools Congress, July 3-8th, 2016 : Global crisis, planning and challenges to spatial justice in the north and in the southBrazil The concern with public participation in the theoretical debate and practice of policies and planning has experienced a downward trend in the last fifteen years. In the thirty years between ’60 and ’90 participative processes gained an increasing interest in the most varied fields of policies (Reed, 2008), from agriculture (Pretty, 1995) to development studies (Chambers, 2014). Nonetheless, more recently other authors started to questioning the way participatory process have been implemented (Cooke & Kothari, 2001), and even their indispensability in policy-making (Hurlbert & Gupta, 2015). We acknowledge that several participative experiences failed to achieve the goal to enhance social democratic basis and that, in some cases, the notion of ‘participation’ has been used as a mere label of democracy. Though, we argue that ‘participation’ is a conditio sine qua non to promote the public dimension of policies (Dewey, 1927). Ergo, public engagement experiments are worthy since they compel public government to open the policy process and to improve their skills in citizen involvement. They stimulate citizen civicness, offering a unique opportunity to share decisions and discuss collectively about commons. Then, even if a critical ex-post assessment of the process is always necessary (Petts, 2003), it is crucial not to give up and try it again, because “participation is the pollen of democracy”1. On the other hand, effective engagement deserves expertise to blend and integrate different languages and knowledge (Maiello, Viegas, Frey, & D. Ribeiro, 2013).publishedVersio
The my house my life program in the ABC region of metropolitan São Paulo. From crisis to opportunity for rethinking progressive urban reform in Brazil?
No full textProceedings of the IV World Planning Schools Congress, July 3-8th, 2016 : Global crisis, planning and challenges to spatial justice in the north and in the southThe setting of this paper is the rise and fall of what we will label as “progressive” developmental housing finance through the so-called My House My Life Program (MHML), which was launched by the Brazilian federal government as one of its flagship programs in 2009 in the midst of the international subprime crisis and became object of increasing criticism. Recent federal austerity measures have only increased uncertainties regarding the size and scope of the third phase of the program that was launched in September 2015.
After a brief description of the program’s anti-cyclical character and its overall design (subsidies and price ceilings structured around three target groups; the role of private developers in the two low-medium income segments (target group 2 and 3, respectively) and local governments in the third low-income segment – target group
1), we will provide a synthesis of the critical national research that has been undertaken on the program (Cardoso, 2013; Rolnik et. al., 2015; Ferreira, 2012). The latter has emphasized that MHML has been disconnected from the national low- income housing policy that had been discussed and approved earlier on. As such, the housing units that have been produced were mismatched with the objective of reducing the overall housing deficit and its regional distribution over the country (producing an excessive number of units in regions with a low housing deficit and vice versa). Moreover, evaluations have stressed the peripheral location of units, particularly in smaller cities, and the lack of architectural quality of projects.publishedVersio
The impacts of returning rural labors on the demands of public service facilities in county towns in Central China
No full textProceedings of the IV World Planning Schools Congress, July 3-8th, 2016 : Global crisis, planning and challenges to spatial justice in the north and in the southUrban-rural migration has been one of the hot topics during the rapid urbanization era in China. Several decades on, millions of rural labors in China have migrated from Central China to the coastal cities. While in recent years due to higher living cost and decreasing job opportunities in coastal industries, an increasing number of urban-rural migrants went back to their hometown. They are called ‘returning rural labors’ in this paper. Majority of them settle down in the county towns rather than their original rural villages, which might generate dramatic changes on these county towns, especially in the central provinces such as Anhui. Preliminary surveys in these county towns reveal that the demands of most returning rural labors on public service facilities are different to original county residents, which could be the most vital consequences by the returning rural labors. Although some existing research findings have focused on the returning rural labors, there is few of thorough investigation and analysis on the influences on the demands of public service facilities by the massive returning rural labors. Currently, the provision of public service facilities in these county towns follows the same way of the other county towns, usually according to the inflexible standards of national codes such as the “index of one thousand person”, which can hardly match the real social demands of the county towns with very large number of returning rural labors.publishedVersio
Evolution of Chinese ghost city: paradigm shift or vicious cycle? The case of Changzhou
No full textProceedings of the IV World Planning Schools Congress, July 3-8th, 2016 : Global crisis, planning and challenges to spatial justice in the north and in the southSince 2010 several Chinese cities have been labeled as "Ghost cities" because of the high vacancy rate in commercial housing. Although each ghost city has its own circumstances, we can still identify some common ground. Most of these cities are third-tier cities of which the local economy is heavily dependent on real estate development. However, the attractiveness of these cities is not comparable to first-and second-tier cities in terms of job opportunities, income lever and public service. This paper examines the evolution of one the of the ghost cities-Changzhou during the last decade. Changzhou is a third-tier city located at the heart of the Yangtze River Delta and the last decade is a critical period of the formation and transformation of the phenomena. The objective of this research is first to comprehend the formation of ghost city and then to analyze the possible scenarios of future transformation of ghost city.
Based on existing literature and our field work in Changzhou, we attempt to explore the forming process of ghost city which is closely related to the macroeconomic context, the urban governance pattern and the city planning. These three elements interweaved and contribute jointly to the phenomenon.
First, the macroeconomic context of last decade is conducive for the development of real estate sector in Chinese cities. In 2003, a state Council circular letter marked a turning point in real estate development in China. The letter proclaimed that the real estate sector constituted ‘the pillar industry of the national economy’ and that ‘commercial housing was designated as the type of housing available for the majority of urban households’ (State Council, 2003). Consequently, in Changzhou, like in other Chinese cities, the local real estate market became prosperous with the dramatic increase both in the value of investment and housing prices until the global crisis of 2008.publishedVersio
Order policies in the port area of Rio de Janeiro: contradictions in producing a beautiful and safe city
No full textProceedings of the IV World Planning Schools Congress, July 3-8th, 2016 : Global crisis, planning and challenges to spatial justice in the north and in the southThe city of Rio de Janeiro has been going through a deep process of urban restructuring driven by sporting mega-events - the 2014 World Cup, when the city was one of the venues for the matches, and the Olympic Games, which are going to take place in 2016. This modernization project coincides with the inclusion of new policies for order and public safety, aiming to make a better organized, safer and less violent city.
Based on such premises, the state program named Unidade de Polícia Pacificadora - UPP (Police Pacification Unit), has been implemented in certain favelas (slums) throughout the city, aiming at fighting drug trafficking commanders and "recapturing" those territories. At the same time, the Secretaria Especial de Ordem Pública – SEOP (Special Secretariat of Public Order), a municipal agency operating in public areas, seeks to regain "public authority" in order to strengthen urban order, fight petty crime and recover territories overrun by "illegality”.
In this sense, the present study aims to address these order policies in terms of their relation to the ongoing urbanization projects, indicating them as key players in the consolidation thereof. We intend to demonstrate how the reconfiguration of the city's image, which is currently linked, not only to the beauty of its landscape and its social diversity, but also strongly linked in the collective imagination with regards to violence, disorder and illegality, becomes a key element in the success of such events. At the same time, such reconfiguration meets the interests of those actors engaged in a new city project, by turning Rio de Janeiro into a beautiful, modern and peaceful city.publishedVersio
Reversal of priorities and possible confrontations: the role of the planning and the public policies in reduction of inequalities, in the expansion of social justice and in the realization of the right to the city in the metropolis
No full textProceedings of the IV World Planning Schools Congress, July 3-8th, 2016 : Global crisis, planning and challenges to spatial justice in the north and in the southThe theme of the right to the city has gained importance in recent years, placed at the center of academic and technical discussions in the domains of planning and management of cities. This relevance, among other factors, is based on the new global configuration (productive, territorial, demographic, economic ...) that in just over half a century, it turned the planet into a predominantly urban environment.
In this context, urban studies show that the growth of cities has brought with it the growth of poverty and socio-spatial inequalities, causing severe violation of human rights, social and even civilians, in addition to urban crises related to mobility, environmental pollution, expansion of segregation, increase in violence and risks associated with climate change.
Aiming to confront this complex problem has been proposed an integrated view of rights (civil, human, social, etc.) in the expanded concept of Right to the City, which turns out to rescue the propositions by Lefebvre (1969). The right to the city is composed of a series of other rights, multiple, explicit or covert, formalized or simply lived in daily life.
The reaffirmation of the right to the city emerges as all the more relevant as the greater the inequalities in living conditions and means of access to goods and services available in urban areas. Such disparities become more pressing in the case of large cities and metropolitan areas, since these places the expansion of the urban fabric and the periphery processes of housing also introduce inequalities in access conditioned by social and spatial mobility.publishedVersio
Postgraduate programme European Module in Spatial Development Planning - EMSDP (Catholic University of Leuven)
No full textCatholic University of Leuven
50.878212154732175, 4.7002095519158225
https://ror.org/05f950310After a thorough examination of its contents and methods, the Postgraduate programme European Module in Spatial Development Planning (EMSDP) offered by the Catholic University of Leuven has been highly distinguished with the AESOP CERTIFICATE OF QUALITY We certify that: This programme fulfils the European quality standards of planning programmes according to the AESOP Charter, complemented by an effective internationalization of teaching and learning processes This certificate is valid for a period of six years. Porto, 22 January 201