AESOP Eprints
Not a member yet
1474 research outputs found
Sort by
A heuristic framework for exploring uncertainties in transport planning
No full textBook of proceedings: Annual AESOP Congress, Spaces of Dialog for Places of Dignity, Lisbon, 11-14th July, 2017In recent decades, the effectiveness of positivistic approaches in transport planning has been growly contested by academics and practitioners (Innes and Booher, 2010). The idea of planning for a single model of reality is becoming obsolete when considering the fast and radical changes that society is experiencing at present and in the near future (e.g. ICT advances, environmental concerns, social inequalities, changes in mobility behaviour, etc.) (Batty et al., 2012; Lyons and Davidson, 2016; Marsden et al., 2014). The discussed crisis of the rational-planning model has generated a great deal of interest in those rationalities pursuing “alternative realities” of planning, rooted in critical realism, constructivism and pragmatism (Khisty and Arslan, 2005). However, practitioners and policy-makers are still comfortable with the idea of planning as “enlightening the future”, also reinforced by traditional planning cultures, legal frameworks, and political institutions (Lyons and Davidson, 2016). Placed in a crossroad of approaches, motivations and perspectives, the issue of unveiling uncertainty has been gaining relevance among transport-planning researchers (Martens and van Weelden, 2014). Attempts at understanding uncertainty have mostly been made from a decision-making perspective, especially from the transport-modelling field (van der Pas et al., 2010; Walker et al., 2003). However, those approaches face what is known as the “uncertainty paradox”: the recognition of higher levels of uncertainty goes hand in hand with the expectations of positivistic science and knowledge to tackle them (van Asselt and Vos, 2006). Moreover, despite multiple dimensions of uncertainty having been explored in literature (Brown, 2004), they seldom encompass the plurality of perspectives (and also languages) involved in transport planning. At this point, previous systematization and conceptualization efforts need to converge into common overarching frames, which are flexible enough to embrace this plurality of uncertainty dimensions.Published versio
On the path towards smart participation: a case study of Taiwan
No full textBook of proceedings: Annual AESOP Congress, Spaces of Dialog for Places of Dignity, Lisbon, 11-14th July, 2017Information and communication technologies (ICTs) have become wildly infused in policy making process in recent years, and it has shown its potential of bringing public participation into another level. There are numerous sorts of participatory platform that uses ICTs as a tool to enhance the quality as well as quantity of citizen participation. However, studies on the transaction mechanism from traditional participation towards e-participation is in scant. This article conducted path dependent analysis by using archived data and literature, retrospecting the evolution of e-participation in the decades in Taiwan. Result of this study shows that the development of ICTs has led citizens participation to another level in Taiwan, and the focus of public participation though ICTs has shift from quantity to quality. The path of the ICTs development are more driven by contingent events such as social movements and political incidents in Taiwan.Published versio
An evaluation of the access to neighbourhood parks based on the “need-based equity”: a case study in Izmir (Turkey)
No full textBook of proceedings: Annual AESOP Congress, Spaces of Dialog for Places of Dignity, Lisbon, 11-14th July, 2017This study aims at contributing to the studies about how spatial distribution of neighbourhood parks in existing cities shape the opportunities for equitable access to “healthy environments” of the “needgroups” – here, low income groups, women, children, and elderly. Based on the “need-based equity,” it evaluates such need-groups’ “access” to neighbourhood parks in the central districts of Izmir, the third biggest metropolitan city in Turkey. It deploys “equity mapping” with the help of geographic information system to analyse and interrelate the basic data about the characteristics of neighbourhood parks and the population that is available in Turkey’s context but relatively limited compared to European context. It comparatively identifies and evaluates the objective characteristics of the built and social environment at the city scale and relates the findings to the discussions of the relations between built environment, health and urban justice.Published versio
Spatial development strategies to foster territorial cohesion in the Danube region
No full textBook of proceedings: Annual AESOP Congress, Spaces of Dialog for Places of Dignity, Lisbon, 11-14th July, 2017The Danube river connects many countries, different landscapes and a number of regions with various cultural identities. A transnational EU project known as the Danube Urban Brand (DANUrB) aims to create a continuous promenade alongside the Danube, one of Europe's main waterways. This aim entails a whole series of challenges for the involved stakeholders and experts. The main essential tasks from the planning point of view pertain to the development of a cross-border strategy, which requires spatial analysis of well-developed regions. The main findings are being further developed within interdisciplinary teams for interregional and international usage. To tackle these complex planning tasks, a process was developed that ensures the sustainability of the resulting strategy and its outcomes, as well as its transferability to other Danube regions. A stable timeframe and a good team of planners are vital prerequisites for successful regional planning. Clarity and attractive presentation help generate the necessary understanding and support, and create an awareness of planning issues among all the stakeholders.Published versio
Borders and domains of public space for operational sustainability in Campolide
No full textBook of proceedings: Annual AESOP Congress, Spaces of Dialog for Places of Dignity, Lisbon, 11-14th July, 2017The present research intends to study and understand the problematic of the requalification of the public spaces in territories of high level of urban fragmentation. This phenomenon affects contemporary cities and takes place, essentially, by the forms of urban growth confronted with topographic factors and strong infrastructural presence. In this sense, we understand that the great advances of knowledge and technology, over the last two centuries, have caused profound changes in the urban landscape of the contemporary western cities. These transformations in the territory caused by the effects of the Industrial Revolution, mainly in 19th century, development of the railway systems which are assumed as an important socio-economic factor for the region they serve. However, its rigidity and low permeability has contributed to the creation of disarticulate spaces, only a few points of interface and relationship with the land crossing. On the other hand, the fluidity and permeability of road networks allow the rapid rise of these in the urban space. In the second half of the 20th century, it emphasizes a greater variety of functions at street level, where it reveals new ranges and road hierarchies. Thus, the street gains new meaning, assuming as a public space of greater complexity where there is a greater ambiguity of its areas and forms of control. The urban design trends have pointed to a broad and inclusive accessibility, masking many of the forces that promote arrays. It is therefore important to understand how the public spaces contribute effectively to social and economic cohesion. And, in this way, it appears the need to explore the boundaries and rules of use of these spaces beyond the constraints of their public / private control. It is this duality that we confront registration property, infrastructural barriers, difficulties in managing, sharing and overlapping of their areas. Thus, there is a need to increase public space requalification policies that consider systems of evaluation and project orientation supported by an operational sustainability. Where promote intervention strategies with interdisciplinary compromises and recognition of public space as dialog space and mediation of interests. In this way, a methodological support for research development is outlined, with a systematization of the theoretical problems of framing the design processes, the impact of accessibility infrastructures and the public space in fragmented territories. In this, emphasis is placed on understanding and critical reading on the operational capability of sustainability policies. For this, we proceed to historical cartography analysis, legislation and urbanization processes as key study and evaluation tools. In this context, it is assumed Campolide in Lisbon, as a territory test for defining a set of strategies that articulate the issues of urban fragmentation, with new types of public space and contemplating guiding factors for a sustainable intervention. In this perspective, a greater sensitivity to a landscape supported in various infrastructure systems is intended, which aims to better use of green systems and agricultural productivity by integrating them in urban renewal processesPublished versio
Translating new conceptions of climate change risk into urban climate change risk assessments and adaptation responses
No full textBook of proceedings: Annual AESOP Congress, Spaces of Dialog for Places of Dignity, Lisbon, 11-14th July, 2017Identifying and assessing risk is common across a number of disciplines from health sciences to disaster risk management to critical infrastructure protection. Yet, the climate change adaptation community has preferred a vulnerability-based framework in order to conceptually understand and respond to climate change (Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC), 2012). However, since 2012, the main scientific organisation that leads on climate change, the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) has reframed climate change in order to look at risk rather than vulnerability. Such a move intends to harmonise the climate change adaptation community with those working in the allied discipline of disaster risk management (Aven & Renn, 2015). There is a further supposition that the risk-based concept can help to shift the focus from top-down, science-first vulnerability assessments to risk assessments that can better include a range of stakeholders (Meadow et al., 2015). There is, however, scant literature on the means of co-producing risk assessments. There are also potential difficulties in translating the new risk-based concept into practice, particularly in spatial planning which combines expertise from a range of disciplines. The definition of risk differs across disciplines and sectors (Thywissen, 2006; Wolf, 2011). In addition, existing climate change adaptation projects have used vulnerability-based conceptual frameworks, and there is therefore a question mark over the way that their resultant data can be easily reused.Published versio
Conceptualizing self-organization in urban planning: turning diverging paths into consistency
No full textBook of proceedings: Annual AESOP Congress, Spaces of Dialog for Places of Dignity, Lisbon, 11-14th July, 2017Within the realm of urban studies and spatial planning, the concept of self-organization receives increasing attention in understanding spatial transformations and related planning interventions (De Roo et al, 2012; Portugali, 2011). In exploring the potential of self-organization, various scholars however introduce diverging interpretations of the concept, consequentially leading to different understandings of what the concept can offer to planners. In the first part of the paper, we show that the different interpretations have their foundation in two distinct epistemic positions: One is a critical-realist interpretation of complex adaptive systems (Byrne, 2005), resulting in a planning focused on pattern recognition and formulating guiding conditions (Portugali, 2011; Rauws, 2015). The other includes a poststructuralist interpretation of emerging assemblages (Cilliers, 1998; DeLanda, 2006), leading to a planning focused on personal style and situational behavior (Boonstra, 2015). The potential synergies between the two epistemic positions has so far remained unexplored, while aspects of both perspectives simultaneously are at work in spatial transformations. Therefore, the second part of the paper explores their complementarity and discusses how to turn the two positions into consistency with one another – meaning how they can mutually reinforce each other without losing their individual epistemic strengths. Based on this exploration we suggest planners to act adaptively and differentiate in style in response to the situation at stake, among others by means of pattern recognition. On a conceptual level the paper shows how planning scholars can make sense of the diversity of ongoing processes of self-organization in the context of spatial transformations.Published versio
The production of common spaces in buildings of Vila Viva at ´aglomerado da serra´, Brazil
No full textBook of proceedings: Annual AESOP Congress, Spaces of Dialog for Places of Dignity, Lisbon, 11-14th July, 2017The production of space in Brazilian ‘favelas’ is spontaneous, continuous and self-produced -and often, self-built. There is a diversity of uses of public and private spaces, such as everyday life, work and play. The occupation process is precarious and requires an active procedure in interaction among neighborhood residents to improve common facilities. The existence of the ‘favela’ comes from the process of exclusion of the working class in Brazilian cities. Belo Horizonte, capital of one of the most populous states in Brazil, is a planned city that was only established 119 years ago, and yet has multiple illegal occupations. Since the beginning of its construction there was no space in the urban zone for the builders. In the history of the city, the state has tried to change ‘favelas’, with removals or transformation of the spaces where poor people live. In 2005, the construction works of the Vila Viva Program for urbanization begins in ‘Aglomerado da Serra’, one of the biggest ‘favelas’ in the city. It includes the paving of streets -most of them less out of a necessity for the population and more so as a municipal mandate, in order to remove a large part of dwellers of low socioeconomic status -, creation of parks -that prohibited popular access and were abandoned augmenting water supply, sewage collection and the construction of buildings. The buildings were constructed to resettle a small part of the original dwellers of ‘Aglomerado da Serra’ that were removed from their houses. The production of spaces is a heteronomous process, as it is with formal city.Published versio
Adapting to adaptation: flexible planning, policy making, and the transition from reaction to (pro)action
No full textBook of proceedings: Annual AESOP Congress, Spaces of Dialog for Places of Dignity, Lisbon, 11-14th July, 2017Traditional planning relies on a cycle of plan formulation/implementation/revision to keep planning instruments up-to-date and more or less effective in face of evolving planning contexts. The inability of static physical plans to respond to changes in the planning context (such as shifts in demographic trends, varying demands for certain land-uses, requests for new facilities or infrastructures, or the obsolescence of others) has been the subject of a long line of inquiry in planning theory. The frequent revision of a plan may help in increasing the plan’s adherence to the changing reality, but in essence, a plan becomes increasingly obsolete from the moment it is crystalized in a fixed regulation and maps. As a response, several innovations have been introduced to the planning practice so as to allow the plan to remain as suited as possible to the evolving planning context, such as scenario planning or flexible planning (Friedman 2007).Published versio
Public spaces and urban culture in Saint-Louis of Senegal. Deterioration or disappearance of an Africa’s UNESCO site
No full textBook of proceedings: Annual AESOP Congress, Spaces of Dialog for Places of Dignity, Lisbon, 11-14th July, 2017This paper collects some of the looks and thoughts arising within the framework of the project "Interuniversity cooperation in the management of sustainable tourism between Cape Verde, Mauritania, Senegal and the Canary Islands". It is an activity that took place in the framework of the European project of "University institutional strengthening of the Canary Islands and Africa (Senegal-Mauritania – Cape Verde) space: SEMACA", which belongs to the European programme of cooperation transnational Madeira-Azores-Canary Islands (MAC 2007-2013). We will focus in the case of the city of Saint-Louis in Senegal, at the mouth of the Senegal1 River, since its planning combines a historical past with strong French influence, with an urban morphology in grid and a building typology that has been awarded the recognition of world heritage of the UNESCO in the year 2000, in contrast to a peripheral urban growth out of the heritage area, where there is little control on its evolution. The city of Saint-Louis has experienced an exponential growth in its population in recent years, which has generated a rapid urbanisation where the coalescence of buildings is completely uncontrolled. It urban crisis, reflecting an economic crisis and a crisis in the finances of the state, is marked by a decline in socioeconomic indicators and a deterioration of living conditions and the health of its inhabitants, in a country where the management of cities is influenced by the predominant role of the State and its leader, standing over local authorities. Our research is orientated towards the theory and technique of the transformation of the anthropogenic transformation of space based on spatial planning, which includes tourism, sustainability and landscape, understood as necessary elements for achieving social, economic and environmental balance.Published versio