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Аn indoor soundscape survey on the user’s coping methods for noise annoyance, disturbance and loss of concentration in public study areas
No full textBook of proceedings: Annual AESOP Congress, Spaces of Dialog for Places of Dignity, Lisbon, 11-14th July, 2017During last decades, group study areas has started to be a common feature, especially in libraries. Unlike a traditional library, where the students are delivered library services, these spaces are encourage students to take command of their own (Bennett, 2007). These spaces are also popular especially among undergraduate students as they incorporate academic work and social activities by providing informal grounds (Applegate, 2009; Bryant, et. al., 2009). The flexibility of usage allowed open learning spaces to be used for both collaborative and individual study. In contrast with the strict silent zones of traditional library study areas, these informal study areas are prone to possible issues regarding the sound environment. In silent study areas, sound levels can become a source of frustration (Çankaya & Yilmazer, 2016; Harrop & Turpin, 2013), but in the informal public study areas, the students can get to adapt the sound levels even though it possible gets much higher than silent zones (Bryant et al., 2009). It was also expressed by the students that sound levels expressed a positive contribution to the social identity of space in open learning areas (Harrop & Turpin, 2013). This positive contribution to the place identity is not solely caused by the sound levels but by the expectation which is highly related with the context of sound environment. With this regard, the acoustic environment of the public study areas should not be evaluated solely based on the sound levels, but also with the individuals’ perception of the soundscape.Published versio
Dimensioning of matrix of urban structures complexity – functional paradigm
No full textBook of proceedings: Annual AESOP Congress, Spaces of Dialog for Places of Dignity, Lisbon, 11-14th July, 2017By its content, the article is an integral part of a more comprehensive research on the complexity and sustainability of urban structures and systems. It is focused on identifying the forms of activity and possible procedures of operationalisation and transformation of the urban functions acting in the everyday life of the inhabitants in the observed space. In studying the complexity, for the purpose of this article, it was necessary to define the basic notions that are applied in the process of analysis and generating the manifest dimensions of this phenomenon. As a starting point, a precondition is set according to which the identity of the notion can be identified identically in social and technical sciences. Accordingly, the basics are urban fabrics, generically followed by urban structures and constructs, and then finally spatial systems and configurations. In our considerations of complexity phenomenon, we use the following definitions of notions. Urban fabrics is a set of natural and artificial elements of components in the form of built and unbuilt parts of the observed space. It covers structures with elements of substructure and suprastructure, and all forms and types of ecostructures and infrastructures that connect them functionally and spatially. Urban structure (city) is a set of urban fabrics of the observed part of area that makes an administrative, functional and spatially connected entity. When in the consideration of urban structure (city) the people are included, their public and private needs, which are realized in the appropriate types of functions (institutions of public and private sector) and executed by appropriate processes, urban constructs appear. Urban construct is an urban structure connected with people, functions and processes in the observed area.Published versio
Assessing the publicness of ‘planned’ public open spaces progressively: The AU model of publicness
No full textBook of proceedings: Annual AESOP Congress, Spaces of Dialog for Places of Dignity, Lisbon, 11-14th July, 2017Over the last three decades, public open space literature has been critical of the increasing involvement of private sector in contemporary practices of public open space planning and development. Critiques on private actors’ involvement in public open space development are largely based on the notion of a ‘highly public’ public domain, argued to have existed in the public open spaces such as parks and squares in pre-WW II cities of Western Europe due to strong state presence in their development. However, as counter-critiques argue, the involvement of private actors in contemporary practices of public open space development is inevitable and could also be beneficial, particularly in emerging Asian economies whose cities are majorly built by private initiatives. And, as such counter-critiques argue, a reconceptualization of publicness as a phenomenon independent of sole state participation, and policies for public open space development based on novel combinations of state, civil society, and private sector participation are strongly warranted. Along these lines, this paper presents a model and method for assessing publicness of ‘planned’ public open spaces empirically – termed as AU model. The proposed AU model is progressive, as a public open space is assessed in various stages of its development beginning from its planning - as part of an urban space - to its design, development, and management. Here, publicness is conceptualized based on two attributes – access and use, considered to be its core ideals and that the freedom of which makes a space public, and thereby the name AU. To assess the attributes of access and use, AU model is broadly conceived to constitute of two sub-models: quantitative publicness and qualitative publicness. While sub-model of quantitative publicness is conceptualized to measure the degree to which ‘planned’ public open spaces are developed into publicly accessible spaces, sub-model of qualitative publicness is conceptualized to measure the degree to which publicly accessible spaces - based on three dimensions viz., physical configuration, control, and civility - encourage use by the larger public of the city. Besides, sub-model of qualitative publicness is explicated furthermore into an operational model in which the above-mentioned three dimensions are measured and graphically represented through 14 indicators. Compared to existing pragmatic publicness assessment models, the proposed AU model is significant in providing a progressive, systematic, and comprehensive assessment of public open spaces and related policies. Primarily, it can be used to comparatively assess publicness of public open spaces that emerged under different planning policies, forms of provision, and management regimes. The paper is in five parts. The first part discusses the contemporary practices of public open space development and the associated debates on private sector participation. The second part discusses and then conceptualizes the nature of ‘planned’ public open spaces and their process of development. Third part conceptualizes publicness and explains the proposed AU model of publicness. Fourth part shows an application of the model to the case of parks in the city of Chennai, India. The final part discusses the model’s applications in urban design research and practice and future research directions.Published versio
Mind the gap : territorial governance and spatial planning systems in the Western Balkan region
No full textBook of proceedings: Annual AESOP Congress, Spaces of Dialog for Places of Dignity, Lisbon, 11-14th July, 2017Starting from the 1990s, an increasing number of studies and reports focussed on the heterogeneous landscape for territorial governance and spatial planning in Europe. The geographical coverage of these comparative analyses broadened over time, paralleling the progression of the EU integration process. However, until now the Western Balkan countries have been ignored by the majority of the studies, mostly due to their fragmentation and geopolitical instability. As the pre-accession negotiation proceeds, such analytical gap should be overcome through the collection of evidence that may support the EU in developing a more sound and effective cohesion policy. This paper makes a first step in sketching out and comparing the evolution of the territorial governance and spatial planning in the Western Balkan Region since the late 1980s. More specifically, it first presents a general overview of the geographical and socio-economic situation, to then explore the evolution of the administrative and legal frameworks for spatial planning as well as of the tools that characterise each national context. Highlighting similarities and differences between the countries at stake, our work exposes the complexity of the subject and sets the stage for further research on the matter.Published versio
Perceived quality of urban open space: a Stockholm case study
No full textBook of proceedings: Annual AESOP Congress, Spaces of Dialog for Places of Dignity, Lisbon, 11-14th July, 2017In investigating the quality of urban open space, it is important to investigate how the visual and auditory components contribute to the total quality. The majority of studies investigating audio-visual interaction in environmental perception have concerned how visual stimuli affect auditory perception, such as how vegetation affects the perception of the sound of road traffic from a motorway (e.g., Anderson, Mulligan, Goodman, Regen, 1983). In general, these studies indicate that how people perceive sound depends on the visual context. That is, some sounds are more appropriate in one context than in another, which seems to depend on the participants’ expectations. For example, a city center is expected to sound like a city center, and not like a forest, and vice versa. Typically, a mismatch resulted in discomfort. A handful of laboratory studies investigated how perception of auditory and visual aspects related to the perception of the composite of audio-visual information (e.g., Gifford & Ng, 1982; Kuwano, Namba, Komatsu, Kato, & Hayashi, 2001; Morinaga, Aono, Kuwano, & Kato, 2003). Chiefly, these studies showed that visual aspects of environments were more important than auditory aspects. However, how important the visual aspects were, was highly variable across different environments. This indicates that auditory information might dominate over visual information at some point (see also Gan, Luo, Breitung, Kang, & Zhang, 2014; Preis, Kociński, Hafke-Dys, & Wrzosek, 2015).Published versio
Expats and the city: the spatialities of the highansnational living in the city of Moscow
No full textBook of proceedings: Annual AESOP Congress, Spaces of Dialog for Places of Dignity, Lisbon, 11-14th July, 2017In the transnational discourse, an assemblage of broad-ranging immigrant groups and their transnational practices are explored throughout multiplicity of issues. Emerging mobilities are generated by a range of factors, including among others employment and education, and involved in notable changes in urban environments. In particular, they find reflections in the new perspectives of transnational living and residential practices. Along with international workforce, new highly mobile lifestyles, cultural habits, and residential practices are being imported. Many scholars now examine the challenges that transnational living lay on the globalizing cities and their built environments, along with processes of segregation and advancement of human capital. This paper presents the findings of the qualitative study of the high-skilled transnational migrants living in the increasingly globalizing city of Moscow. It focuses on the migrants from the Western world who moved to Moscow to live for the extended time. The paper aims to investigate the spatialities of their everyday living and the relations between the settlement patterns and localizations of social practices with the urban development process of the city. A case of Moscow has shown an array of the transnational lifestyles localizations, bringing two main findings: the general pattern of scattered settlement, and the diversification of sociocultural practices highly dependent on communication strategies and lifestyle types. The scattered settlement of the high-skilled transnational migrants in Moscow counterparts and adds on the explored trends of clusterization of the transnational elites in some other globalizing cities. The paper is divided into four main sections. Firstly, following a review of the literature, the context of globalization and migration processes in Moscow outlined in order to provide the reader with the background information about the skilled international immigration in this city. Secondly, the general structure of the expats living in the Moscow is outlines, focusing later on the residential strategies of the expats that ultimately result in the scattered settlement structure. In the process, key neighborhoods of choice for transnational living are highlighted, and the question of whether these neighborhoods correspond to the localities of inner urban globalization process of the city and to the settlement patterns of other migration flows. Thirdly, the spatialities of the use of services by the expat communities are uncovered, with reference made to the particular sociocultural backgrounds and lifestyles. Finally, the paper suggests a discussion of the relations between the scattered settlements of expats as a part of urban remodeling progress. It seeks to contribute to a number of fundamental literatures: the overreaching globalization in the world cities (Sassen, 1991), the increasing importance of global circulation of skills, and the crucial significance of transnational urbanism in explaining urban complexity (Smith, 2001).Published versio
Collective transport. A spatial analysis in the city of recife, Brazil
No full textBook of proceedings: Annual AESOP Congress, Spaces of Dialog for Places of Dignity, Lisbon, 11-14th July, 2017Developed countries have related the lack of access to public transport to disadvantage and social exclusion, and many methods have been developed for the spatial measurement of the public transport supply aimed at equity in relation to socially disadvantaged groups, and for improvements in transport systems. These methods are still incipient in Latin America, although interventions to improve transport quality are an essential political requirement in urban governance. This paper is part of a PhD thesis, aiming the methodological development for the identification and evaluation of spatial gaps in the supply and demand of public transport causing social disadvantage in the Brazilian city of Recife. It is based on methodologies such as Needs-gap (Currie, 2010), PTAL (Transport for London, 2010), PTAI (Saghapour et al, 2016), and other methods analyzed. The objective of the paper is the critical analysis of the approaches that deal with these aspects, both in terms of social disadvantages due to the difficulty in accessing or even having public transport, as well as in the part related to the detection and analysis of spatial gaps in the supply and demand for public transport in urban areas of large cities. Based on the review carried out, it is possible to base the methodological development intended for the thesis study area, which can also be used for other cities in the world.Published versio
Regional resiliency: exploring the emergence and resiliency of two regional initiatives in the Netherlands
No full textBook of proceedings: Annual AESOP Congress, Spaces of Dialog for Places of Dignity, Lisbon, 11-14th July, 2017In the past few decades we have observed a proliferation of regional initiatives labelled in various ways. Some refer to city-regions, appealing to some kind of territorial coherence of adjacent cities, others to learning -, creative -, or competitive regions, ascribing to the region human abilities to learn and create. Even though such regional initiatives are very distinct from each other in their appearance and process of development, most of these initiatives are results of actor networks with some kind of common interest crossing the administrative boundaries of cities. As such, from an actor-network perspective, it can be argued that regions emerge through network activities between various actors who in first place prioritise meaningful (economic) relations above spatial scale and fixed demarcations. In the same line, regions are thought as a landscape of perpetual overlapping processes of becoming. Such regional processes develop at a certain grade of complexity and uncertainty of how relations (re)assemble and how do they become resilient. Consequently the dynamic context of changing relations also implies a different role for planners in regional initiatives. Even though it seems impossible to plan for such complex and volatile regional processes, planning activities occur and regional concepts emerge in co-evolution with other socioeconomic processes. In this paper we will explore the emergence of two regional initiatives in the Netherlands and their resiliency. More specific we want to address the meaning of the regional concepts in relation to the resiliency of regional initiatives. One, Brabantstad, is a governmental initiative concerning five middlesized cities in the province of Brabant. The other, Eindhoven-Leuven-Aachen- Triangle, is a cross-border regional network including Flemish and German cities Leuven and Aachen. With the help of Assemblage Theory and Actor Network Theory we will investigate which conditions lead tonmore (or less) resilient and robust regional initiatives and their capacity to transform their context.Published versio
Socio-spatial dimensions of how to make a city bicycle-friendly: the case of Kayseri, Turkey
No full textBook of proceedings: Annual AESOP Congress, Spaces of Dialog for Places of Dignity, Lisbon, 11-14th July, 2017Traditional transport policies based on automobile usage are regarded as no longer sustainable all over the world and governments are seeking new methods to encourage other modes of transportation such as walking, cycling and public transport. In Turkey, there is a big increase in the awareness of importance of the sustainable and integrated urban transport in the last ten years. Cycling in Turkish cities has also increasing importance both in national and local level. Parallel to this interest, the Ministry of Environment and Urbanism released a new regulation about the design and construction of bicycle paths, bike stations and tracks within the city in 2015. In addition to this, governmental bodies have been carried out a number of projects that aimed to encourage bicycle usage. This willpower has also influenced local authorities to make cities more bicycle-friendly. Kayseri is a middle-sized Central Anatolian city with approximately one million population. The city has been doubled its population in the last 20 years and it is still growing rapidly. The local government has been built 34 km tramlines and 35 bike-sharing stations within the city and tried to integrate bike stations with tram stops. However, the overall development of the city is still automobile-oriented and the modal share of bicycles in daily commuting is almost zero. There are also safety problems for cyclists in the city. Within this study, we aimed to examine the bicycle experience of the city from socio-spatial perspective and evaluate it according to the Copenhagenize Index criteria. Within this scope we will firstly reveal the existing condition in terms of bicycle infrastructure and bicycle usage in Kayseri. Secondly we will evaluate the experiences of cyclists in the city. For this, we conducted a survey with 125 active cyclists that cycle in daily base. We asked them both the physical conditions in the city and their experiences of cycling. Finally, we will propose a framework to be able to become bicycle friendly city.Published versio
Urban metabolism and water-energy-food nexus, new challenges for spatial planning
No full textBook of proceedings: Annual AESOP Congress, Spaces of Dialog for Places of Dignity, Lisbon, 11-14th July, 2017Resource scarcity has been rising as an increasingly urgent matter in the last decades and particularly in the last years. A combination of factors such as climate change, population growth, rise of the middle class and deterioration of ecosystems contribute to increase the concern on present and future resource availability. Given the situation there is a need for new approaches to resource management in order to change the business as usual model and find sustainable and innovative solutions. To this end, the water energy- food nexus (hereafter nexus) approach received particular attention in the policy and academic arenas. The rationale behind the nexus is to acknowledge and take in account relationships, synergies and trade-offs between water, energy and food sectors with the aim of finding sustainable and common solutions for the management of these resources (Hoff, 2011). Connections between water, energy and food undoubtedly exist in any circumstances and they occur more or less explicitly. Depending on how these connections are taken into account, they can become opportunities (best-case scenario), or if not considered they can become missed opportunities or develop in unexpected conflicts and problems (worst-case scenario). The nexus approach is still an immature and not well-defined concept (Allouche, 2015), but even so, researches from different academic fields and disciplines increasingly focus on it. Authors discussing on the nexus generally put water at the center of the debate and focusing on agriculture considering water and energy as inputs for the food production. Other researches argue on conflicts that rise for the use of water for agriculture and other purposes. Furthermore, research and analysis on the nexus are typically carried out on global, national, regional or river basin scale. In this panorama, where main focus is on agriculture and large scales, cities and their role on water, energy and food management have been neglected, which is quite bizarre considering the close connection between cities development and resources and the huge amount of energy and materials needed to sustain cities metabolism. Exploring an urban perspective on the nexus is even more important considering that more than a half of the global population is living now in urban areas and this percentage is bound to increase in the coming decades (UNPD, 2011). Developing of cities have been strongly linked to local resource availability for centuries, but this relationship between potential urban settings development and amount of resources available on site has weakened due to a series of events such as industrial revolution, green revolution, technological innovation and globalization (to mention most recent examples). This set of developments have enabled the development of larger urban areas that depend less and less on the local availability of resources such as water, energy and food. In this paper, we propose a path to follow in order to understand where the nexus of water, energy and food lays is in cities and which role it can have in turning cities in more resilient and sustainable systems. In doing so, simplified supply chains of water, energy and food are considered and decomposed in sequential steps to facilitate the identification of connection points between systems. This has the objective of making clearer which are the nexus aspects that more likely fall within urban areas, which is the domain of urban policies and urban planning.Published versio