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Planning for diversity and sustainable spatial planning religion space gender and ethnicity
No full textBook of proceedings: Annual AESOP Congress, Spaces of Dialog for Places of Dignity, Lisbon, 11-14th July, 2017Sustainability objectives are central to modern urban planning, shaping all aspects of. Originally, sustainability had three components, environmental sustainability, economic well-being and social equality: - Planet, Prosperity and People. But, the environmental aspects of sustainability have tended to predominate. This leaves little space for social issues, and aspatial (non-physical) factors such as belief and religion. It is argued, with reference to UK-related research, religion has major spatial planning implications for all aspects and levels of urban policy. Neglecting religion’s existence results in an incomplete planning agenda which undermines equality, especially ethnicity-related policies. The implications of this gap are discussed with reference to the environmental, economic and social components of sustainability policy. There is little recognition of the contribution of religion to cities: rather a negative mentality predominates amongst planners. Ways of changing the planners’ understanding, and mainstreaming religion into planning are discussed, drawing on methods used to integrate gender into planning.Published versio
Lisbon social dimension in urban resilience
No full textBook of proceedings: Annual AESOP Congress, Spaces of Dialog for Places of Dignity, Lisbon, 11-14th July, 2017The world has been facing a continuous increase in the number and size of urban areas. Social dynamics changes are inevitable, calling for the need to examine and monitor urban systems, in particular urban resilience to social problems and to changes in socio-ecological systems. This paper intends to analyze and understand how the municipal policies in Lisbon have been contributing (or not) to the resilience of the urban system, through a social dimension. We have looked at what is that socially drives the urban system, what, why and how social disturbances and changes affect its resilience, and how the municipal policies may contribute to it. A literature review on urban resilience and social innovation was developed to identify a proper methodology to be adopted and to identify the main elements to be addressed in this analysis. The methodology adapted consists of five steps: (i) translation of the social dimension into urban resilience, through social dynamics and social innovation concepts; (ii) definition of the focal scale; (iii) identification of indicators; (iv) development history; (v) interpretation from the perspective of long-term resilience. In applying the methodology to the city of Lisbon, the city governments´ policies were analyzed, and the social drivers, social disturbances, and changes affecting the urban system resilience identified and assessed. The results indicate that demography, social vulnerability, mobility and city attractiveness prove to be key drivers to assess the social contribution to urban systems resilience. These key drives can be applied to other cities with the same urban development typology as Lisbon. Research on the Lisbon's system showed that the city has been facing, over the last 50 years, a mix of desirable and undesirable qualities. Desirable qualities seem to facilitate the urban system's transition to a sustainable behavior, building urban long-term resilience; while the undesirable qualities can be seen as an opportunity to reverse the city social disturbances negative trends by changing current city governance policies.Published versio
Assessing spatial accessibility of physical fitness facilities for older adults in winter city: a case study in Harbin, China
No full textBook of proceedings: Annual AESOP Congress, Spaces of Dialog for Places of Dignity, Lisbon, 11-14th July, 2017The spatial distribution of public amenities and the spatial access to them has been a constant focus in geographical research for decades (Smoyer-Tomic et al., 2004). The government of China recognize the significance meaning of public health, the outline of the national fitness programme (2011-2015) (General Administration of Sport of China, 2011) was proposed. During the 5 years from 2011 to 2015, enormous Chinese citizen took participate in daily physical activities, however the quantity of space for physical activities always cannot meet citizen’s needs. Accessibility to physical fitness facilities have received a growing attention as a public health concern in China. There is another fact that the aging has become a more and more serious global society issue, the relevant research has pointed out that China’s population of older adults might constitute a larger proportion than youngsters. They estimated that the 60-64yrs group will become the largest portion of population in 2050 and the 60 age and older might be the highest proportion of population in 2100(Banister et al., 2010, as cited in Zhang et al., 2012). According to the national fitness report of China (General Administration of Sport of China, 2013), the aging group is the prime group who take participate in daily physical activities. Research has shown that adequate physical activities can be beneficial to older adults’ health and relevant results have already showed that regular physical activity could reduce hospital admission and the mortality in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease to a certain degree (Garcia-Aymerich et al., 2006). In order to keep both mentally and physically health, it is important for older adults to do daily physical activities properly. For those older adults who live in winter cities, long and extreme cold temperature poses a major barrier to participate in daily physical activities. Poor accessibility to physical fitness facilities may lead to the decrease of frequency for older adults in winter cities. Considering this situation, the accessibility to physical fitness facilities may play an important role to keep good health of older adults in winter cities in both developing country and developed country. Zhou et al. (2008) summarized that “spatial accessibility is a vital index in the relevant research on healthcare (Wang & Luo, 2005), job access(Wang, 2001; Wang & Monor, 2003),transport(Pooler, 1995), location analysis(Ying et al., 2006) and so on”. However, there is a limitation on research related to spatial disparities by taking older adults as subjects in winter cities.Published versio
How congruence between formal and informal institutions effects integrated transport and land use planning: a study on dutch national planning practice
No full textBook of proceedings: Annual AESOP Congress, Spaces of Dialog for Places of Dignity, Lisbon, 11-14th July, 2017The field of transport planning is in flux, influencing the way developed countries plan, program and budget their transport infrastructure. Planning scholars and policy makers increasingly acknowledge that integrating land use and transport planning generates opportunities for synergetic benefits and helps evade unwanted consequences such as project time and cost overruns. Despite this emerging concept of integrated infrastructure planning, examples of successful employment remain scarce. For this paper the institutional context associated with infrastructure planning has been studied to identify incongruences which hamper integrated infrastructure planning practices. The explicit focus is on how horizontal (cross-sectoral and cross-border) and vertical (between scales) integration in road infrastructure planning is adversely influenced by counteracting formal and informal institutions in different phases of the policy cycle. Evidence is derived from a six-month research project on the current Dutch national infrastructure Planning, Programming and Budgeting System. This research has studied how integrated infrastructure planning is influenced in the different phases of the policy formulation, policy adoption, policy execution and monitoring and evaluation. Findings are distilled by triangulation of literature research, policy analysis, interviews with 22 experts, 2 focus groups and a workshop. In addition, multidisciplinary sounding board meetings, including both scholars and practitioners, were organized to reflect on interim findings. Results illustrate that every phase of the decision making process presents distinct formal and informal institutional incongruence which hampers integrated infrastructure planning. Furthermore, insights were generated on the different roles formal and informal institutions play in affecting integrated infrastructure planning practices. Findings of this study may be used as input for institutional design strategies which aim at enhancing the integration between infrastructure and land use planning as well as for developing further research trajectories.Published versio
Decoding and managing cities: toward a complex and dynamic system approach
No full textBook of proceedings: Annual AESOP Congress, Spaces of Dialog for Places of Dignity, Lisbon, 11-14th July, 2017Due to the rapid growth of cities and their social, cultural, economic and technological evolution, the policies and legislative instruments need to adapt to this change. By 2050, United-Nations estimate 6.4 billion people1 are expected to be living in cities (Riffat et al., 2016), with relevant consequences on resources, emissions and services2. In spite of this, the development of Europe‟s cities and the relations among them constitute one of the most important driving force for the future of Europe (Rotmans and Van Asselt, 2000). The complexity of the urban phenomena needs to be investigated in an integrated manner, through the management of the systems and processes making up the city. Indeed, the city is recognised in literature as a complex, open and adaptive system, that evolves in time and space (Portugali et al., 2012), (Healy, 2006). Its components (i.e. buildings, infrastructures, human agents etc.), with own lifecycle, interact among them and are not predictable linearly, not even separable, but are based on the principle, attributedto Aristotle, that "the whole is greater than the sum of the parts". Furthermore, the cities, as "systems within systems of cities", should take into account the interdependencies with their territories. Each city should study both the relationships within itself but also with the urban boundaries, urban region, in an inter-scalar vision.Published versio
Shaping spaces of interaction for sustainability transitions
No full textBook of proceedings: Annual AESOP Congress, Spaces of Dialog for Places of Dignity, Lisbon, 11-14th July, 2017Cities are complex environments where different actors and stakeholders co-exist and learn how to live together. Within these complex environments, different types of citizens initiatives are arising that we consider to be important starting points for achieving urban transformations to sustainability (Niki Frantzeskakiet al., 2016). These kinds of initiatives, typically enacted by social entrepreneurs, civic volunteers, local activists, free range civil servants etc., are challenging the traditional ways of city making through which urban services, spaces and buildings are usually developed through policy and planning. They seem to stimulate the rise of several new types of interactions between citizens, entrepreneurs and free-range civil servants but so far are hardly facilitated and linked to urban planning in a systematic way. Such interactions can be considered as transformative social innovations (Avelino & Wittmayer, 2016) that redefine the relations and interactions between actors to realize sustainable alternatives contributing to wider transitions. These transformative initiatives can be nurtured, developed, replicated, or complemented in protected environments and are often seen as part of a broader transition movement (Gorissen, Vrancken, & Manshoven, 2016). Those transformative initiatives are triggering the rise of spaces for the interaction between different stakeholders in urban environment, which is a key element of participatory city making. This paper aims to explore the role of planning in participatory city making. It connects complexity in planning and transition theory in order to describe the space of the interaction between the different urban stakeholders.Published versio
Learning from Europe?
No full textBook of proceedings: Annual AESOP Congress, Spaces of Dialog for Places of Dignity, Lisbon, 11-14th July, 2017The rich history of European planning thought has been radiating out to countries outside of Europe for a long time, either in the form of colonial planning and by providing active guidance and orientation or simply by serving as a model for the look from the outside. Within Europe, the exchange of ideas and practical experience has been continuous from the beginnings of planning and urban design – whether we consider our professional field to have started in the Renaissance and Baroque era or whether we want to restrict our perspective to the discipline of ‘modern planning’ in the 19th century, or, again in a different context, in the 1960s. There is a rich literature dealing with periods and areas of planning in which the international exchange of ideas has been particularly lively and influential, extending from, say, the garden city movement, via the exchange of ideas in classic modernism and the period of post-war reconstruction to the very recent history.Published versio
Planning in post-communist city: by flexible planning to natural growth and development
No full textBook of proceedings: Annual AESOP Congress, Spaces of Dialog for Places of Dignity, Lisbon, 11-14th July, 2017A city which has been through a long historical development and continuity in its planning resembles a naturally growing primeval forest in which it is possible to find and well distinguish old, solid and stable structures from those young ones which are still looking for their place in the world (Hrůza 2014). The basic genetic code of all cities without distinction, much the same as the double-helix of DNA made up of combinations of 4 elements is typical of all that lives on the Earth, is a concentration process. Gravity, all the attractive forces, attractiveness, catchment and commuting, but also human desire and human interest are just different names for the same fundamental process inscribed in the innermost nature of our world (Clegg 2012, Hudeček 2010, Hudeček et al. 2011). And, on the other hand, the opposite of concentration - "thinning" in the sphere of the universe of expansion and cooling, in the places of prevailing gravity and curvature of space-time, as a result of the course of time the common duration in hours, days, years or even millennia. Two opposites, but at the same time eternal companions are the cause of all diversity as well as, on the other hand, the cause of the interesting similarity in the reality of the existing structures Chardin 2003, Veverka 2013).Published versio
Regeneration strategy and evaluation of Shanghai Huangpu river under the background of transformation and development
No full textBook of proceedings: Annual AESOP Congress, Spaces of Dialog for Places of Dignity, Lisbon, 11-14th July, 2017Shanghai, as China's economic, financial, trade center, as well as national historical and cultural city, is undergoing urban transformation, to the global city forward. Shanghai City Master Plan (2016-2040) put forward the "global city - innovation city, eco-city, the city of humanities," the goal. However, with the development of urbanization, Shanghai has entered the stage of inventory development. Connotative development has become Shanghai 's Development Strategy, including innovation dynamics, city vitality, city regeneration, inventory planning, city character. The research object of this article is the regeneration strategy of the Huangpu River area in recent 15 years. Huangpu River is Shanghai's mother river, 61 km from north to south, through the central city of eight districts. The Huangpu River series has a lot of historical features of the city heritage areas, including the Old City, the Bund, Origin of modern industry, Luiiazui modern financial district, the Expo area, the old dockland. Planning area along riversides is about 144 square kilometers. The leading group for the regeneration of the Huangpu River was established In 2002 by Shanghai city government, overall planning and construction. In this article, the policy analysis, planning interpretation, construction implementation and preliminary evaluation of the regeneration will be carried out by field investigation, interviews, analysis and comparison, and data analysis. This article will focus on Fuxing Dockland area. The dockland is located in south of the Bund and east of the old city, representing the modern inland shipping characteristics. It is a continuous evolution of the cultural landscape. The implementation process is analyzed from the aspects of special study, planning and design, key project advancement and overall reform. The implementation results are evaluated from the aspects of functional transformation, building conservation and reconstruction, historical preservation and human settlement improvement. Also discusses the gentrification, authenticity and continuity. Shanghai is China 's fastest region of urbanization process over 90% urbanization rate. The demand for development represents the aspirations of many cities. Shanghai has promulgated a series of regulations, standards, codes to promote urban regeneration. The government-led integration of business and personal strength system represents the local characteristics of Shanghai. New City Agenda in HABITAT Ⅲ said, culture is the key source to what makes cities attractive, creative and sustainable. The urban heritage conservation and the scientific development of city will be taken seriously.Published versio
Modeling ecological networks and land value for the prioritization of natural areas conservation
No full textBook of proceedings: Annual AESOP Congress, Spaces of Dialog for Places of Dignity, Lisbon, 11-14th July, 2017The strategy promoting Green Infrastructure (GI) from European institutions (2013) considers the spatial structuration of (semi) natural areas as a network and resulting environmental features impacting populations. The strength of the GI’s approach lies in the effort to integrate the ecological and social values of natural areas in combination with other land development (Lafortezza et al. 2013): this strategy encourage an integrated approach of space planning at different scales and promote the multiple services associated with natural areas. From a conservation biologist perspective, it is not a new idea, since it is based on environmental continuity, ecological networks and landscape connectivity. Yet, considering natural landscape as a network that offers a structural frame for the development of the biodiversity of tomorrow (and secure some ESS for our societies) forces to rethink our spatial planning approaches. Landscapes are seen in this paper as a dynamic and structured spaces with a social dimension where management and planning play a key role. Physically, landscapes are composed of artificialized components (Grey infrastructure) and natural components (Green infrastructures) in interaction. In France, planning process is historically a top-down process based on technical and professional expertise. After several decades of planning at national scale, French government tends to give more decisional power to regional and local scales (i.e., decentralization). Multiple guidance documents of soft planning such as SCOT (Schéma de Cohérence Territoriale/ territorial coherence program), present a mix between national, regional strategies and the translation of European directives about environment and socio-economy. Town planning regulations are now framed by this soft planning, but local collectivities still have to adapt it, dealing with all the contextual and operational components. Their task is to spatially, legally and institutionally define and regulate urbanistic rules at the finest scale (hard planning; Purkarthofer, 2016). Moreover, the planning process is gently opening to democratic participation with mitigate successes. We will focus on a problem coming from the difficulties to take account of the different values of natural areas. These values correspond to different estimations of natural areas in ecological or socio-economical terms.Published versio