International Journal of Dental Materials
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A review on acceptability of denture polymers having gold and silver nanoparticles
Get PDFIn dentistry, polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA) is commonly used as a base material for dentures. PMMA has been widely used in a range of dental applications because of its specific features, including its low density, aesthetics, cost-effectiveness, ease of manipulation, and flexible physical and mechanical characteristics. Despite having many advantageous qualities, it has a lot of cons like weak flexural strength, poor wear resistance, polymerization shrinkage, and poor durability etc., The emergence of nanotechnology has allowed for the improvement of the aforementioned drawbacks through the use of different nanoparticles. Silver nanoparticles have been used in dentistry due to their antimicrobial, and antifungal properties. They also enhance the mechanical properties of materials leading to improved outcomes. Gold nanoparticles are available in different sizes and concentrations to exhibit their beneficial outcomes. This review aimed to discuss the properties of silver and gold nanoparticles, their form of incorporation, benefits, acceptance and their clinical significance when added with denture polymers
Physical properties of dental plaster filled with marble powder: a pilot study
Get PDFBackground: Gypsum materials are frequently utilized in dental technology. Dental plaster is one of these products that is mainly used to produce dental casts and mounting purposes. Although the cost of dental plaster is very low, their inferior compressive strength, low abrasion resistance and dimensional instability restricted their usage as primary and working casts. The inclusion of different fillers in gypsum products could play an important role in improving their performance.
Aim: The aim of this study was to evaluate the physical properties of dental plaster incorporated with various concentrations of Marble powder (MP).
Methodology: Gypsum composites were prepared by incorporating 1.0, 3.0, 6.0 and 9.0 wt.% of MP. The neat plaster/mixture comprised the control group. The prepared gypsum composites samples were characterized in comparison with the control group. The density, porosity and fluidity of dental MP/plaster samples were investigated. The correlation between density and fluidity was also conducted.
Results: The gypsum composite samples displayed a higher density of 47% than the control group. However, a remarkable decrease in porosity level was observed as MP content increased. Significant improvements in the fluidity of the dental plaster after impregnating MP filler (p<0.05) whereas there is no significant correlation between density and fluidity of gypsum composites (p>0.05).
Conclusion: The concentration of MP in dental plaster is proportional to the density and fluidity of the material and inversely proportional to its porosity
A comprehensive review on bonding between monolithic ceramics and tooth structure with different adhesive agents.
Get PDFReliable bonding between the prepared tooth and monolithic ceramics can be achieved by various luting agents available on the market. The selection of luting agent and cementation technique plays an important role in the success of the restoration. With the advent of resin-based adhesive systems as luting agents, clinicians\u27 perspectives have changed to a more conservative approach. Recent systems, chemically adhere the crowns to the prepared tooth structure showing higher bond strength. To reach the aesthetic demands of the patients, all-ceramic restorations were considered over metal-ceramic crowns. Few all-ceramic crowns are brittle, the strength is dependent on the chemical structure and method of fabrication. While some all-ceramic restorations gain strength after cementation. Thus, the choice of luting agent used in cementing all-ceramic crowns is crucial. Even though many luting agents are being introduced no single luting agent fulfilled all the requirements. Among them, adhesive cements showed greater bond strength and enhanced the retention of minimal preparation, which are less retentive. Traditional non-adhesive agents can be used in retentive preparations that bond through mechanical means rather than the chemical bond seen in newer adhesive cements. Also, surface treatments of zirconia showed greater bond strengths irrespective of the luting agent being used. These include air abrasion, acid etching, applying silane couplers, and primers that increase the surface area for adhesion. The use of all-ceramic restorations, the need for surface treatments, types of surface treatments, adhesion and adhesive agents, and evidence from current in vitro research on monolithic ceramics and tooth adhesion were all discussed in this review
A new technical study on the characteristics of Nickel-Titanium Orthodontic archwires using stimulated infrared thermography
Get PDFBackground: Clear aligner therapy (CAT) is a prominent orthodontic treatment option. CAT was formerly only used to treat mild malocclusions, but with developments in technology, it can now treat much more complex malocclusions. With the increasing popularity of CAT and technological improvements, led to the development of Invisalign’s SmartTrack technology, the first commercially available aligner material that used multi-layer plastic to facilitate tooth movement. Multiple layers provide superior mechanical properties that eluded previous single layer plastics.
Aim: To study the cytotoxicity properties of different thermoplastic multilayer clear aligner materials on human primary gingival fibroblasts (HGFs).
Materials and methods: Three multilayered clear aligner materials were considered in this study: SmartTrack (Align Technology, San Jose, CA, USA), Zendura FLX (Bay Materials, Fremont, CA, USA), and ComfortTrack (Great Lakes Dental Technologies, Tonawanda, NY, USA). The samples were incubated at 37oC in DMEM (0.1 mg/mL) for 21 days. The cell viability of HGFs cultured with each sample medium was then compared to a negative control assessed by MTT assay.
Results: The results showed slight toxicity for each one of the samples tested. The highest cytotoxicity level seen in the HGFs was SmartTrack (65.5% ± 2.5 of cell viability), followed by Zendura FLX (72.3% ± 8.6), and the least was observed by ComfortTrack (80.8% ± 2.1).
Conclusion: The Under the experimental conditions of the study, all of the materials tested displayed slight levels of cytotoxicity. SmartTrack was measured as the most cytotoxic. There were no statistical differences found between the three aligner materials (P< 0.05)
WHO/MOHFW - Guidelines to practice prosthodontics and implant procedures during COVID-19 pandemic
Get PDFThe high infectivity rate of the COVID-19 virus and its variations has had a significant influence on dentists and dental treatment. Because of the proximity of the patient and the prevalence of aerosol-generating procedures, governments and health authorities have implemented rules and regulations for practising dentistry, specifically aerosol-generating procedures in prosthodontics, to protect dentists and patients from infection, cross-infection, and re-infection. The current article focused on the World Health Organization\u27s (WHO) and Ministry of Health and Family Welfare\u27s (MOHFW) recommendations and guidelines for practicing prosthodontics and dental implant operations during the COVID-19 pandemic
Comparison between the in-vitro cytotoxicity of three different multilayer thermoplastic clear aligner materials
Get PDFBackground: Clear aligner therapy (CAT) is a prominent orthodontic treatment option. CAT was formerly only used to treat mild malocclusions, but with developments in technology, it can now treat much more complex malocclusions. With the increasing popularity of CAT and technological improvements, led to the development of Invisalign’s SmartTrack technology, the first commercially available aligner material that used multi-layer plastic to facilitate tooth movement. Multiple layers provide superior mechanical properties that eluded previous single layer plastics.
Aim: To study the cytotoxicity properties of different thermoplastic multilayer clear aligner materials on human primary gingival fibroblasts (HGFs).
Materials and methods: Three multilayered clear aligner materials were considered in this study: SmartTrack (Align Technology, San Jose, CA, USA), Zendura FLX (Bay Materials, Fremont, CA, USA), and ComfortTrack (Great Lakes Dental Technologies, Tonawanda, NY, USA). The samples were incubated at 37oC in DMEM (0.1 mg/mL) for 21 days. The cell viability of HGFs cultured with each sample medium was then compared to a negative control assessed by MTT assay.
Results: The results showed slight toxicity for each one of the samples tested. The highest cytotoxicity level seen in the HGFs was SmartTrack (65.5% ± 2.5 of cell viability), followed by Zendura FLX (72.3% ± 8.6), and the least was observed by ComfortTrack (80.8% ± 2.1).
Conclusion: The Under the experimental conditions of the study, all of the materials tested displayed slight levels of cytotoxicity. SmartTrack was measured as the most cytotoxic. There were no statistical differences found between the three aligner materials (P< 0.05)
Distinctive analysis of the shear bond strength of Porcelain Fused Metal substructure fabricated by conventional casting, direct metal Laser Sintering and CAD-CAM processing techniques: Shear bond strength of PFM Substructure fabricated by conventional casting, direct metal Laser Sintering and CAD-CAM Techniques
No full textBackground: The use of metal-ceramic restorations began in the late 1950’s allowing the development of prosthetic rehabilitation with better cosmetic results replacing previously in-demand precious metals. These restorations are commonly prepared using conventional casting, Direct Metal Laser Sintering and CAD-CAM processing techniques. The present study has been attempted to perform a distinctive analysis of the shear bond strength of porcelain fused metal substructure fabricated by conventional casting, Direct Metal Laser Sintering and CAD-CAM processing techniques.Materials and Methods: The present study follows an in-vitro study design. A total of 45 samples were prepared and divided into 3 groups (n=15 in each group): conventional casting, Direct Metal Laser Sintering and CAD-CAM groups. The shear bond strength of all the specimens was measured using Universal Testing Machine. The specimens were subjected to shear load at the metal-porcelain interface with increasing load and the crosshead speed of 2 mm/sec till the disc debonded completely. The debonded samples were observed under Scanning Electron Microscope to assess the kind of failure.Results: The obtained data of three experimental group samples were analysed using the student’s t-test, One-way ANOVA test and Tukey’s Post-hoc test. Results of t-test showed that, of all the three techniques, Casting technique shows highest mean of force and shear bond strength, and this mean difference was significant. The same results were shown in One way ANOVA test and Tukey’s Post-hoc test.Conclusion: From the observations of the present study, it can be stated that Casting technique showed highest mean of load and shear bond strength followed by the CAD/CAM method and DMLS technique, respectively. The results of this study ranged from 69-87MPa which is within the safety borders. Therefore, it can be concluded that all three methods can be used to fabricate the metal substructure in metal-ceramic restoration.Keywords: CAD-CAM, Casting, Direct Metal Laser Sintering, Shear bond strength
Materials and methods used for adhesive remnant removal and polishing of enamel after orthodontic treatment: a review
Get PDFBrackets are generally debonded and the remaining adhesive is removed at the end of the orthodontic treatment. There are different methods for adhesive removal of which few methods have a chance of damaging enamel and roughening the tooth surface which can lead to plaque accumulation, discolouration, and aesthetic problems. Enamel polishing after debonding is one strategy to decrease such consequences. Several enamel cleaning and polishing methods include Sof-Lex discs, TC burs, ultrasonic tools, hand instruments, rubbers, composite burs, Arkansas stones, green stones, diamond burs, steel burs and lasers. Each method has some advantages and some lacunae. To be precise soflex discs and TC burs have less damage on enamel than other methods, i.e., Arkansas stone and greenstone. This article is a review of available different enamel cleaning and polishing methods after debonding, their advantages and disadvantages
Simulations of silicon nanowire sensor and an integrated smart bio-nano sensor
Get PDFBackground: Simulation-based nano biosensors have been introduced in recent times that will provide a model for the researchers to verify various critical functions of them, which could effectively save time, money, and effort.
Materials and Methods: In this study, we have performed simulations of a silicon nanowire (Si-NW) biosensor, and its various parameters were evaluated. This silicon sensor was designed using the BiosensorLab tool, a simulator from the nanohub website. This paper also presented an Integrated Smart Bio-nano Sensor. The motivation behind this smart sensor was that an incident happened in one of the southern states of India, in the year 2020; the leakage of styrene gas (C8H8) from the Polymers industry caused 12 deaths and several people hospitalized. Most people died after they inhaled styrene gas because they thought the pungent smell (of styrene gas) was also part of their kitchen’s emissions. This incident prompted us to propose an Integrated Smart Bio-nano Sensor.
Results: The proposed sensor was capable of classifying the origin of sources of emissions dynamically (smart), even under lower concentrations of gas levels (25 ppm) and could alert the habitants in case of untoward danger.
Conclusions: After verifying settling time vs. analyte concentration, the density of captured target molecules concentration with time vs. time, and the signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) of the biosensor in the presence of parasitic molecules vs. receptor density, it was concluded that these three parameters have helped in identifying the characteristics of the proposed bio-nano sensor
An overview of dental implant biomaterials
Get PDFRegardless of stomatognathic system atrophy, illness, or injury, modern dentistry endeavours to restore the patient to normal shape, function, comfort, aesthetics, speech, and health. Predictable success is now a reality for the rehabilitation of many difficult conditions as a result of ongoing research in treatment planning, implant designs, materials, and methodologies. The medical fields have long placed a strong emphasis on the biocompatibility properties of synthetic materials (biomaterials) used to replace biological tissues. In addition, implant biomaterials must be suitable in terms of mechanical strength, biocompatibility, and structural biostability in order to function at their best. In this article, the various implant biomaterials with their properties and applicability to implant dentistry are discussed