Research Lake International Inc. - Open Access Journals
Not a member yet
381 research outputs found
Sort by
Violence Against Women: A Multidimensional Analysis
Get PDFViolence against women (VAW) is a global phenomenon deeply rooted in social, cultural, and economic inequalities. It manifests in diverse forms—physical, sexual, psychological, and economic each of which has devastating consequences for individuals and societies. This article examines the scope, different types and causes of VAW, and the short term and long term impact it has on the victims and survivors and overall on the society at large. Emphasizing the importance of systemic change, it advocates for comprehensive strategies to prevent violence, support survivors, and challenge the structural factors perpetuating gender-based violence
Chewable Tablets and Mouth-Dissolving Films Revolutionizing Drug Administration
Get PDFOral drug delivery has evolved a lot in terms of patient compliance, bioavailability, and therapeutic action. The present review integrates advancements in chew tablets and mouth-dissolving films according to their formulation strategy, merits and application in pediatric and geriatric patients. They improve patient compliance due to good solubility and quick action.
Nanotechnology has been a central force in drug delivery system transformation. Liposomal drug carriers, polymer therapeutic carriers and nanoparticle formulations have enabled the increase in solubility, controlled release and site-specificity of drugs. These strategies maximize pharmacokinetics and minimize systemic side effects. Furthermore, utilization of the Enhanced Permeability and Retention (EPR) effect has enabled targeted drug delivery with maximum therapeutic efficacy and minimum toxicity.
Overcoming the biologic barrier continues to pose a challenge in oral drug delivery. Transdermal and mucosal delivery systems have made rapid onset of drug action possible by circumventing enzymatic degradation in the gastrointestinal tract. All such innovations support each other in serving in the direction of greater patient benefit and drug efficacy.
This review systematically discusses the current advances in oral drug delivery with special focus on the use of chewable tablets, mouth-dissolving films and nanotechnology-based strategies. The emergence of these novel technologies is the key to an electrifying future of optimized drug delivery and therapeutic effect
Crossed Wires: Adult Ureteropelvic Junction Obstruction due to a Crossing Renal Artery
Get PDFObjectives: To describe an uncommon presentation of adult Ureteropelvic Junction Obstruction (UPJO) caused by extrinsic compression from a crossing renal artery, and to highlight the critical role of contrast-enhanced imaging in its diagnosis and management.Methods: We report the case of a 63-year-old male who presented with intermittent right-sided flank pain persisting for several months. Physical examination was unremarkable, but initial ultrasound revealed right- ided hydronephrosis without an apparent obstructive calculus. Further evaluation with contrast-enhanced Computed Tomography (CT) urography and CT angiography was performed to assess for structural or vascular causes of obstruction.Results: CT imaging demonstrated significant right hydronephrosis with abrupt tapering at the ureteropelvic junction. A lower pole renal artery was identified coursing anterior to the UPJ, causing external compression consistent with vascular-induced obstruction. No intraluminal pathology was identified. Based on these findings, a diagnosis of adult UPJO secondary to a crossing vessel was made. The patient was referred for definitive surgical correction via pyeloplasty.Conclusions: While UPJO is typically diagnosed in pediatric populations, it can present de novo in adults with non-specific symptoms. Vascular anomalies such as crossing renal arteries are rare but important causes. Advanced imaging techniques are essential for accurate diagnosis, differentiation from other pathologies, and guiding surgical planning to prevent long-term renal damage
Ovarian Torsion without Mass in Early Gestation: Successful Conservative Approach
Get PDFOvarian torsion occurring during pregnancy is a rare but serious complication that can cause significant morbidity for both the mother and the fetus. Its pathophysiology remains incompletely understood, although several predisposing factors have been identified, including increased ovarian volume, increased mobility of the ovary, and an elongated vascular pedicle. The risk is particularly elevated in the context of ovarian stimulation for infertility treatments. Diagnosis relies primarily on imaging, with pelvic ultrasound as the first-line examination, sometimes supplemented by Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) when ultrasound findings are inconclusive. We report the case of a patient at 10 weeks of amenorrhea with a progressing singleton pregnancy, who presented to the emergency department with acute pelvic pain. Clinical evaluation combined with imaging studies led to the diagnosis of right ovarian torsion. An urgent laparoscopic surgery was performed, allowing detorsion of the twisted adnexa. The ovary was found to be viable intraoperatively and was preserved, thus avoiding oophorectomy and maintaining both reproductive function and the normal progression of the pregnancy
Innovations and Mechanisms in Liposomal Drug Delivery: A Comprehensive Introduction
Get PDFLiposomal drug delivery systems are one of the most promising innovations to revolutionize this pharmaceutical industry. It incorporates drugs with hydrophilic as well as hydrophobic properties into a biocompatible lipid bilayer. In this review, general properties of liposomes will be discussed, including composition and mechanisms involved in the augmentation of drug solubility, stability, and targeted delivery. It referred to the development of liposomal formulations and important milestones, such as the FDA approval of Doxil, as the turning points in the clinical application of liposomes. It has been used in the therapeutic field of oncology where the systemic toxicity reduces simultaneously while making the therapy more effective. Also emphasized in this paper are the advantages of liposomal systems, sustained release profiles, and combination therapies that can help against the problem of drug resistance. A further review of the current clinical applications of liposomes is advanced in order to show successful products which have, indeed, impacted the treatment of a patient. There's a good scope for the integration of liposomal technology with novel therapeutic strategies and it's in this direction that the mandate of treating more effectively and personalizing treatment may be considered. The review focuses on the critical role of liposomal drug delivery systems in modern medicine, underlining their potential to revolutionize therapeutic approaches and patient outcomes
Optimizing Air Quality and Pollution Control in Diesel Engines: A Mathematical Perspective
Get PDFAir pollution, particularly from diesel engine emissions, poses a critical threat to both public health and environmental stability. This study focuses on analyzing and mitigating vehicular pollution by integrating standardized air quality indicators with advanced mathematical modeling. A combination of box models, Eulerian and Lagrangian approaches, and fuzzy logic techniques is employed to assess pollutant dispersion and predict concentrations. A practical case study in Hyderabad supports the evaluation of air quality trends. Further, a novel catalytic tube design is proposed to control SOx and NOx emissions from diesel exhaust systems. Preliminary modeling suggests its potential as a cost-effective and efficient pollution control intervention. The study emphasizes the value of mathematical tools and public awareness in shaping sustainable air quality management strategies
A New Look at the Gross Anatomy of the Stomach to Understand How It Functions
Get PDFThe anatomy of any organ in the human body indicates its function. Understanding the structure of the stomach can help in understanding how it functions. In this short review, we have tried to clarify the gross anatomy of the stomach in relation to its proper function. The stomach is a hollow organ, located in the upper left quadrant of the abdomen. Its domed upper part, called the fundus, lies cranial to the cardiac orifice, or in other words, above the entrance to the stomach from the esophagus. This gas-filled area helps the stomach perform its function of breaking down and churning the food that enters the body of the stomach. Furthermore, the diaphragm separates the fundus of the stomach from the heart and left lung. The largest part of the stomach, called the body, is the section that lies directly below the upper "cardiac" orifice of the stomach, and receives swallowed food. The body of the stomach leads to a horizontal section called the pylorus, which terminates at the sphincter muscle in the distal “pyloric” orifice. The strong pyloric sphincter muscle keeps food inside the stomach, where it is emulsified and digested, then it opens to direct the food into the duodenum. To perform the mechanical breakdown of food properly, the fundus must be empty of food and the body of the stomach must contain fluids that help emulsify the food. Any attempt to completely fill the stomach with food while eating may hinder the digestive process. Filling of the stomach may also compress the chest cavity, including the lungs and heart, which may lead to dyspnea and palpitation. Therefore, it is recommended to avoid completely filling the stomach with food while eating, as this is crucial for proper digestion and, consequently, good health
The Case Report Reimagined–AI as a Catalyst, Collaborator and Ethical Challenge
Get PDFArtificial Intelligence (AI) is fundamentally transforming the creation and utility of radiology case reports. This editorial argues that AI transcends its role as a mere tool, evolving into a collaborative partner that can discover rare findings, enhance narrative synthesis and amplify educational value. However, this integration necessitates a critical framework to address ensuing ethical dilemmas, including authorship, bias and accountability, ensuring AI serves to augment rather than replace human expertise
Artificial Intelligence and Control Charts: A Big Problem
Get PDFWe use the data of some published papers to compare those authors findings with ours. From the analysis we get different results: the cause is that the authors use the probability limits of the PI (Probability Interval) as they were the confidence limits (control limits of the control charts, CCs). The control limits in the Shewhart CCs are based on the normal distribution Central Limit Theorem (CLT) and are not valid for non-normal distributed data: consequently, the decisions about the “In Control” (IC) and “Out of Control” (OOC) states of the process are wrong. The control limits of the CCs are wrongly computed, due to unsound knowledge of the fundamental concept of confidence interval. Minitab and other software e (e.g. JMP, SAS) use the “T charts”, claimed to be a good method for dealing with “rare events”, but their computed control limits of the CCs are wrong. The same happens for the confidence limits of the parameters of the distribution involved in the papers (Weibull, Inverse Weibull, Gamma, Binomial, Maxwell). We will show that the Reliability Integral Theory (RIT) is able to solve these problems and the Sequential way of dealing with data
The ‘Less is More’ Report: Why is Necessary to Simplify the European Financial Regulation?
Get PDFThe number of texts adopted at European union level is growing. This legislative inflation, which undermines competitiveness, is criticized by experts who have sought measures to simplify without deregulating. The European authorities seem to have recognized the need to ease the constraints on financial sector players