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Artificial Intelligence in Skin Cancer: A Literature Review from Diagnosis to Prevention and Beyond
Get PDFArtificial Intelligence (AI) in medicine is quickly expanding, offering significant potential benefits in diagnosis and prognostication. While concerns may exist regarding its implementation, it is important for dermatologists and dermatopathologists to collaborate with technical specialists to embrace AI as a tool for enhancing medical decision-making and improving healthcare accessibility. This is particularly relevant in melanocytic neoplasms, which continue to present challenges despite years of experience. Dermatology, with its extensive medical data and images, provides an ideal field for training AI algorithms to enhance patient care. Collaborative efforts between medical professionals and technical specialists are crucial in harnessing the power of AI while ensuring it complements and enhances the existing healthcare framework. By staying informed about AI concepts and ongoing research, dermatologists can remain at the forefront of this emerging field and leverage its potential to improve patient outcomes. In conclusion, AI holds great promise in dermatology, especially in the management and analysis of Skin cancer (SC).
In this review we strive to introduce the concepts of AI and its association with dermatology, providing an overview of recent studies in the field, such as existing applications and future potential in dermatology
Congenital Vertical Talus
Get PDFThe talus is a very important bone in the foot skeleton. It represents the connection between the leg bones and the other bones of the foot. Its normal anatomy is correlated to its good function. The bone may be exposed to congenital anatomical variations and deformities, including congenital vertical talus (CVT), which affect the shape and movements of the foot. Although CVT is rare, it is important to keep in mind the possibility of CVT when examining a foot defect in newborns to avoid neglecting its treatment and subsequent complications and to avoid extensive surgical intervention
Atmospheric Cold Plasma: A Brief Journey and Therapeutic Applications from Wound Healing to Cancer Biology
Get PDFCold Atmospheric Plasma (CAP) has now become a well-known new edge technology in the field of biomedical science to agriculture and food technology. Ionized gas known as cold atmospheric plasma has recently been the subject of intense inquiry by scientists for its potential application for treatment in oncology and dentistry. Air, Helium, Argon, Nitrogen, and other gases can all be used to create Cold Atmospheric Plasma. Cold plasma can effectively and safely inactivate spores, bacteria, fungi, viruses, and small molecules and thereby improving wound healing, combating microbial infections, and treating skin conditions with great efficiency. Interestingly the in vitro and in vivo demonstration of CAP has shown promising applications in cancer healing and treatment. The most widely employed technique for producing and sustaining a low-temperature plasma for use in technological and scientific applications involves applying an electric field to a neutral gas. The non-equilibrium atmospheric pressure plasma jet (NAPPJ) and the dielectric barrier discharge (DBD) have both been widely used in biomedical applications. This review aims to evaluate the emerging plasma technology - the basic science, technical aspects and provide insights of biomedical application in diverse area
Mean Electric Field of Dielectric Nanoparticle
Get PDFThe nanoscale effect of the formation of an electric field near the surface of a dielectric nanoparticle is discussed within the framework of the proposed model based on the reconstruction of the crystal surface, including the splitting of the surface atomic layer into two parallel sublayers consisting of atoms with only positive or only negative effective static electric charges, respectively. The mean electric field potential and strength are obtained depending on the distance from the surface and the numerical values of their parameters for hexagonal boron nitride are estimated
The Two Dimensional Nanomaterials Functionalized with Antimicrobial Peptides as a Novel Strategy to Combat Biofilms and its Associated Infections
Get PDFThe resilient and adaptive nature of biofilms and its associated infections pose a serious threat in the current state of play aiming the need for a promising strategy. The two-dimensional nanomaterials functionalized with antimicrobial peptides serve as a novel approach to combat biofilms and their related infections. This review article explains the current landscape of research in this field focusing on classification and physiochemical properties of two-dimensional (2D) nanomaterials and their exploitation as antimicrobial peptide delivery system. The review also offers insights into their potential application in various settings such as medical devices wound healing and water treatment. Additionally we discuss the challenges and future directions in the development and implementation of this innovative strategy, emphasizing the need for multidisciplinary approach that bridges the gap between fundamental research and practical applications. Through a comprehensive synthesis of current literature, this review aims to provide researchers, clinicians and industry professionals with a thorough understanding of promises and challenges, which aim in the development of advanced materials and strategies for combating microbial biofilms and improving industrial control measures
Analysis of Red Blood Cell Samples using a Handheld Shear-horizontal Surface Acoustic Wave Biosensor
Get PDFHuman red blood cells (RBCs) are highly studied by researchers and clinicians alike because RBCs play an essential role in medical diagnostics. RBCs are the most abundant component of whole blood. The accurate analysis of blood samples for blood cells is crucial to help diagnose and management of several life-threatening diseases. Current techniques for analyzing blood cell counts are time-consuming and expensive, requiring a highly trained technician. Implementing a portable, label-free method enables analysis at small clinics and remote locations with reduced times of analysis and cost. The development of miniature, handheld shear-horizontal surface acoustic wave (SH-SAW) biosensors capable of accurately counting RBCs in liquid samples will improve medical diagnostics in resource-limited regions of the United States and parts of the world where access to centralized clinical laboratories is limited. A shear-horizontal surface acoustic wave is a horizontally polarized surface acoustic wave that is produced by a transducer that is fabricated onto a piezoelectric substrate such as lithium tantalate, lithium niobite, or quartz. We report a lithium tantalate SH-SAW biosensor and method for monitoring the RBC level (hematocrit level) from a whole blood sample using a shear-horizontal surface acoustic wave (SH-SAW) biosensor that uses a 500-picoliter sample well. Samples were introduced by directly pipetting whole blood onto the sample reservoir and washing away any excess material. The SH-SAW biosensor uses an immunoassay, where the antibody anti-glycophorin A is coated on the surface of the active area of the sensor. The sample is compared to a reference sample. Using Microsoft Excel statistical tools, we showed that the results demonstrate the concentration dependence of the samples with an average coefficient of variance (CV) within a sample group was 10% or less for all samples analyzed. Our successful demonstration offers proof of concept for handheld blood cell monitors for remote and resource-limited applications. To our knowledge, this is the first demonstration of an SH-SAW device being used for monitoring red blood cell counts
Laboratory Medicine Workforce Shortage: Informed Public and Skilled High School Students can Fill the Gap
Get PDFWe have known for years that laboratory medicine would not have enough employees at all levels to effectively support the growing needs of medical doctors. According to the US Bureau of Labor Statistics prediction “MLS/MLT will increase by 11% by 2030” and we will need “almost 26,000 openings each year through 2030.” Our colleges and universities only produce “5,000 graduates per year.”
This commentary article will provide specific context for the current workforce situation in laboratory medicine in the United States and then discuss solutions at progressive levels of commitment. Level one can be quickly implemented by laboratories in their local area by reaching out to their local high school or middle schools. Level two will create advocates in the community with highly effective career exploration tools. Level three will require a change in paradigm about entry level staff in a medical laboratory along with significant infrastructure building through development of high school medical laboratory assisting and/or phlebotomy training programs. These programs will have the greatest effect on the employment outlook as they will produce highly skilled and engaged graduates who are ready for medical laboratory entry level employment and medical laboratory college programs.
To fill the employment gap in laboratory medicine we must stop accepting that they are the “hidden profession” and move to actively engaging with every young person in the country before they go off to college. The industry from the phlebotomists and laboratorians to the C-suites of medical laboratories must be part of the solution
The Pathogenesis of Mesh-induced Inflammatory Response and Pain: Rationale for Development of New Mesh
Get PDFChronic postoperative pain (CPP) in mesh hernia repair (MHR) may complicate the postoperative course. The cause of CPP may be multifactorial - surgical technique, patient-intrinsic factors, and mesh. Polypropylene (PP) mesh is the most widely used material for MHR. Despite its advantages, it has been associated with severe complications in urogynecology leading to a partial mesh ban. PP is not inert and causes foreign body reactions (FBR), corrosion, and loss in biocompatibility. Pain is a hallmark of mesh-induced complications. The pathogenesis of pain is related to an immune response with neutrophils, T cells, and macrophages, major players in mesh-associated fibrosis and pain. Pain may be caused by mesh implantation-induced nerve entrapment, compression, and severe inflammation, relevant for both nociceptive and neuropathic pain. Compression neuropathy has been associated with preoperative pain and chronic postoperative pain in mesh and non-mesh repairs. The mesh may induce FBR changes causing clinical complications and pain. Increased mesh vicinity innervation induced by fibrosis may be responsible for chronic postoperative pain. An aggressive immune response in pelvic floor reconstructive surgery degrades PP. T cells and macrophages may protect against or induce degradation and pain. The main point to eliminate pain is to develop a mesh, that provides long-term corrosion resistance, and biocompatibility. This may be achieved by coating PP mesh with a thin layer of Titanium oxide or meshes of pure titanium. Titanium is considered to be bio-inert providing corrosion resistance and biocompatibility. However, depending on the location and surface of the mesh (roughness, hydrophilicity), there may be a macrophage-neutrophil-induced inflammatory response causing fibrosis and cicatrization. Based on the structure, location, and production Titanium may demonstrate beneficial effects concerning corrosion, oxidation, FBR, and biocompatibility. To improve outcomes in MHR the analysis of cellular immune response concerning mesh properties, composite endpoints, pain, and physical function may be necessary
Point of Care Testing: A Discipline that is Growing
Get PDFTraditionally, diagnostic testing is carried out on patients’ samples ( blood, urine etc) in pathology laboratories by skilled scientists. Transport to the laboratory and subsequent processing (often in batches) can sometimes lead to long turnaround times for the patient and the clinician. Point of Care (POC) or ‘near patient’ testing refers to testing and reporting at the site of patient care and is usually undertaken by non-laboratory personnel. POC technology has a number of attractions as there is a fast turnaround time and this can have enormous benefits for the patient and the clinician
Metallic Nanoparticles Applications in Medicine
Get PDFMetallic nanoparticles (MNPs) are revolutionizing the field of medicine with their unique properties and diverse applications. From targeted drug delivery and photothermal therapy to bioimaging and biosensing, MNPs hold immense potential to improve diagnosis, treatment, and disease monitoring. This review explores the current state of MNP research in medicine, highlighting their diverse applications, advantages, and challenges