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ROSES: The most Complete System for Endovascular Surgery
Get PDFROSES, an innovative Robotic System for Endovascular Surgery, features a unique mechanism that continuously measures the resistance encountered by catheters and guide wires as they advance within the body. This feature operates seamlessly without the need for additional specialized components. The system is comprised of a series of robotic actuators (up to three) arranged linearly on slides running along a rail, inclined toward the patient. Another slide, housing a pair of step motors, facilitates the adjustment of relative positions between the actuators, with the proximal actuator affixed to the motor slide by a lateral bar. A force transducer, linked to the motor slide via a wire, is responsive to the gravitational component of any object on the rail. Importantly, this force remains constant even as the actuators move. However, the force dynamically changes if an external obstruction hinders the progress of catheters and guide wires, serving as an alert to the attending physician. The system, uniquely, is also capable of guiding the introduction of the first catheter, even if it is pre-curved. This capability facilitates the complete separation of the doctor from the patient throughout the entire surgical procedure. The system employs compact, purely mechanical disposables designed for a wide range of interventions utilizing commercially available catheters and guide wires, including angioplasty, brain and carotid surgery (for aneurysms or thrombi), TAVI, and various lower and upper limb procedures. Future developments include the incorporation of animated catheters capable of altering their shape configuration under console control. As the system also records the penetration length of each device and transmits this data to a workstation along with X-ray images, it effectively becomes the "black box" of endovascular surgeries. This functionality allows for a complete separation between physicians and patients throughout the entire surgical procedure. The system is safeguarded by multiple pending international patent applications
Multispecies Discrimination of Seals (Pinnipeds) using Hidden Markov Models (HMMs)
Get PDFHidden Markov Models (HMMs) were developed and implemented for the discrimination of 5 available Seals (Pinnipeds), namely the Bearded Seal (Erignathus barbatus), Harp Seal (Pagophilus groenlandicus), Leopard Seal (Hydrurga leptonyx), Ross Seal (Ommatophoca rossii), and Weddell Seal (Leptonychotes weddellii). The main objectives of the experiments were to study the impact of the frame size and step size and number of states for feature extraction and acoustic models on classification accuracy. Based on the experiments using Mel-Frequency Cepstral Coefficients (MFCCs) extracted from the vocalizations (15 ms frame size and 4 ms step size), HMMs containing 20 states with single underlying Gaussian Mixture Model (GMM) produced discrimination of 95.77%. From the results, the framework could be applied to analysis for other marine mammals for both classification and detection of vocalizations and species
Application Optimizing AI Performance on Edge Devices: A Comprehensive Approach using Model Compression, Federated Learning, and Distributed Inference
Get PDFOne major problem arises when AI models are run on edge devices because these have limited processing power, battery, and time constraints. This article explores methods to improve the performance of AI models in such settings so that they operate optimally and simultaneously and provide fast and accurate results. Some methods include model compression techniques such as pruning and quantizing, which make the model small sized to make the required computations with low energy utilization and knowledge distillation. Moreover, a special concern is checking the possibility of using federated learning as one of the ways of training AI models on devices spread across a distributed network while maintaining users’ privacy and avoiding the need to transfer the data to the central server. Another approach, distributed inference, in which the computations are suitably divided between different devices, is also investigated to enhance system performance and reduce latency. The use of these techniques is described in terms of the limited capabilities inherent to devices like smartphones, IoT sensors, and autonomous systems. In this work, efforts have been made to improve the inference and model deployment in edge AI systems, which is instrumental in enhancing the end user experience and smart energy usage by bringing sophisticated scale out edge-computing solutions closer to reality through application optimized edge AI models and frameworks
Assessing Barriers to Scale-up Adaptation Finance for India
Get PDFIndia is recognized as one of the most vulnerable countries to climate change, necessitating significant adaptation finance to effectively address its impacts. This paper explores the barriers and constraints faced by various stakeholders including vulnerable communities, local governments, and non-governmental organizations in accessing and utilizing adaptation finance in India. Existing frameworks such as the Paris Agreement emphasize the urgent need for accessible financial resources to enhance resilience against climate variability. The research objective is to identify and analyze the barriers hindering access to adaptation finance in India. It specifically seeks to uncover the challenges stakeholders face in project design and monitoring, the complexities of attracting private sector investment, and the overall scarcity of available funds. A qualitative research methodology was employed, involving a comprehensive review of existing literature, research papers, reports, and policy documents relevant to adaptation finance in India. This approach allows for a nuanced understanding of the barriers to effective financial utilization. The study identifies numerous barriers to accessing and utilizing adaptation finance, including limited awareness and capacity among stakeholders, challenges in project design and monitoring, and high transaction costs. Additional constraints include complexities in accessing international funds, the need for financing startups, inadequate groundwork for post-Paris action, and a lack of data on climate risks and adaptation needs. Furthermore, insufficient local capacity, a lack of political will, and fragmented governance structures hinder effective implementation of adaptation measures. To address these challenges, India must enhance awareness and capacity-building initiatives, improve project design and monitoring processes, and attract private sector investments. Mobilizing additional financial resources and strengthening institutional capacity are critical steps. Ultimately, political will is essential to ensure that adaptation finance is effectively utilized to confront the pressing challenges posed by climate change in India
A Study on Repurposing of Antibiotic Drugs for Human MMPs Enzyme: A Possible Hope for Arthritis Drug
Get PDFArthritis is a prevalent condition that primarily affects elderly individuals, especially women. Matrix Metallo proteinases (MMPs), specifically types 1,2,3,9 and 13 are key players in the progression of arthritis and represent promising drug targets for treatment. Despite this, there is a significant gap in research aimed at targeting human MMPs (hMMPs) with therapeutic agents. This computational study confidently proposes the repurposing of existing twenty antibiotic drugs to combat hMMPs 1,2,3,9 and 13. Through comprehensive molecular docking analysis, four critical binding sites (BS): BS1 (catalytic Zn2+ ion), BS2 (R2 site), BS3 (R3 site), and BS4 (R4 site) are investigated. Computational studies reveal that the leading candidates—(i) Tedizolid, (ii) Ceftobiprole, (iii) Mupirocin, and (iv) Delafloxacin—exhibit strong binding affinities based on both binding energy and average binding energy. Given the current lack of experimental data, present study assert that Tedizolid, Ceftobiprole, and Mupirocin are highly promising options for arthritis treatment due to their robust interactions with specific hMMP binding sites. Delafloxacin, with its favorable QSAR and ADMET properties, also demands further investigation. In summary, these four antibiotic drugs present excellent opportunities for advancing experimental and pre-clinical studies aimed at developing effective treatments for arthritis
Inferior Trapezius Muscle Agenesis and Scapular Dyskinesis in a 58 Year-Old Black Male Donor: A Cadaveric Case Report
No full textA functionally significant abnormality was observed in a 58 year-old Black male donor with a cause of death of thyroid cancer. He exhibited left inferior trapezius muscle agenesis as well as scapular dyskinesis. The left scapula is shown pressing into the adjacent vertebral bodies of C7 and T1, which resulted in deviations in the location of the left semispinalis capitis, semispinalis cervicis, and splenius cervicis muscles. This resulted in compromise of the left levator scapulae muscle. It is suspected that these abnormalities would have resulted in functional limitations in arm movement, particularly in adduction. A literature review was completed to understand the significance of these abnormalities
Bilateral Medially Duplicated Internal Jugular Veins in an 85-Year-Old Female Donor
Get PDFAn 85-year-old female donor prosected during an advanced anatomy graduate nursing course in 2023 was found to have bilateral anomalous internal jugular veins. These were classified as duplications as opposed to fenestrations, as each vein entered the subclavian vein separately. These variations have been classified into types A, B, and C. Type A is classified as a high fenestration joining to make a single entry into the subclavian vein. Type B is a duplication from just below the jugular foramen to the subclavian vein. Type C is a duplication starting commensurate to the hyoid bone with a laterally duplicated segment crossing the posterior triangle and making separate entry into the subclavian vein. This donor possesses a Type C bilateral medial variation with the duplicated limb descending medial to the carotid sheath and entering the subclavian vein lateral to the limb in standard position. Clinical ramifications and current literature are discussed
HUBO & QUBO and Prime Factorization
Get PDFThis document details the methodology and steps taken to convert Higher Order Unconstrained Binary Optimization (HUBO) models into Quadratic Unconstrained Binary Optimization (QUBO) models. The focus is primarily on prime factorization problems; a critical and computationally intensive task relevant in various domains including cryptography, optimization, and number theory.
The conversion from Higher-Order Binary Optimization (HUBO) to Quadratic Unconstrained Binary Optimization (QUBO) models is crucial for harnessing the capabilities of advanced computing methodologies, particularly quantum computing and DYNEX neuromorphic computing. Quantum computing offers potential exponential speedups for specific problems through its intrinsic parallelism capabilities. Conversely, DYNEX neuromorphic computing enhances efficiency and accelerates the resolution of intricate, pattern-oriented tasks by simulating memristors in GPUs, employing a highly decentralized approach, via Blockchain technology. This transformation enables the exploitation of these cutting-edge computing paradigms to address complex optimization challenges effectively.
Through detailed explanations, mathematical formulations, and algorithmic strategies, this document aims to provide a comprehensive guide to understanding and implementing the conversion process from HUBO to QUBO. It underscores the importance of such transformations in making prime factorization computationally feasible on both existing classical computers and emerging computing technologies
A Bird’s Eye View of Nanorobotics and Assembly Automations: A Revolutionary Convergence
Get PDFOver the past few decades, technology has advanced quickly, leading to amazing advances in a wide range of sectors. A new and exciting area called nanorobotics has emerged from the combination of nanotechnology and robotics. The development of tiny devices with nanoscale performance is the goal of this field. Among these, assembly automation and nanorobotics stand out as cutting-edge fields with enormous promise to revolutionize business, healthcare, and daily living. The development and control of robots at the nanoscale, usually between 1 and 100 nanometers, is known as nanorobotics. Conversely, assembly automations describe the employment of robots and automated systems to build things with little to no human involvement. Due to the growing need for accuracy and efficiency in industrial processes, assembly automation has advanced significantly at the same time as robotics. This article delves into the complexities of nanorobotics and assembly automation, along with their synergies, applications, problems, and prospects
Decarbonization of Indian Banking: Challenges & Pathways Forward
Get PDFThis study examines the challenges for decarbonizing the Indian banking sector, a critical step in India's commitment to the Paris Agreement. The objective is to assess the current status of decarbonization, identify key challenges, and propose strategic solutions to facilitate sustainable banking practices. In this context, the research employs a qualitative approach, analyzing secondary data from literature, policy documents, and industry reports. The novelty of the research lies in its comprehensive assessment of the multifaceted challenges financial, regulatory, technological, and socio-cultural specific to the Indian context. It provides a nuanced understanding of the sector's progress and the barriers it faces, which is crucial for policymakers and banking institutions.
The findings reveal a mixed landscape of decarbonization efforts, with some banks successfully adopted sustainable banking practices, while others struggle with scaling and operational constraints. Key findings indicate that while some Indian banks have made strides in adopting green practics, the sector as a whole is hindered by high costs of green technologies, regulatory uncertainty, outdated technological systems, and a culture resistant to change. The study highlights the need for clear policies, investment in technology upgradation, and a cultural shift towards sustainability within the banking sector