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Ladd’s Bands in Adults: A Cadaveric Report and Series of Delayed Diagnosis and Long-term Symptoms
Get PDFIntestinal malrotation resulting in Ladd’s bands are congenital anomalies where the intestines fail to rotate properly during normal embryological development. These are usually discovered in early childhood and are mostly seen in pediatric populations. Corrective surgery is termed Ladd’s procedure and involves removal of abnormal tissue bands and intestinal re-positioning. Ladd’s bands in adults are rare and often have variable clinical presentation ranging from asymptomatic to intermittent abdominal pain, bloating, nausea, and vomiting from months to years, which can lead to misdiagnosis. Here we present a case of an incidental finding of Ladd’s bands in a 77-year-old male cadaver during a routine dissection as well as a literature review of 15 case studies on adults with Ladd’s bands. Although it is a rare pathology, Ladd’s bands should be considered in the differential diagnosis of patients presenting with common gastrointestinal symptoms. The frequently delayed diagnosis of this condition may result in unnecessary treatments and prolonged discomfort for patients. Further research is needed to understand better the incidence, diagnostic criteria, and optimal management strategies for Ladd’s bands in adults, which remain an under-recognized cause of chronic abdominal complaints
Mapping Hypertension Case Distribution as the Comorbidity of Diabetes Mellitus
Get PDFNon-Communicable Diseases (NCDs) have become an increasingly significant public health issue annually, emerging as a leading cause of mortality worldwide. Diabetes mellitus is prevalent among the population, often accompanied by comorbidities such as hypertension. Hypertension frequently manifests without symptoms, leading affected individuals unaware of their condition. Data processing is essential to transform hypertension cases due to diabetes mellitus into comprehensible information. Mapping the distribution of hypertension cases using Quantum GIS (Q-GIS) is one method to achieve this. This study aims to map the distribution of hypertension cases using the Q-GIS application in 2022 in Cipaku District, Ciamis Regency, based on village or sub-district, age, and gender.This study employs a descriptive quantitative research design. The instruments utilized include Geographic Information Systems, observation sheets, hardware, software, and digital maps. Data analysis involves univariate analysis, with a simple random sampling technique applied. Preliminary research conducted in January by the Ciamis District Health Office identified Cipaku District as having the highest number of hypertension cases in Ciamis Regency in 2022, totaling 5,528 cases of hypertension
Insulin Efsitora a Useful Addition to Treatment of Type 2 Diabetes but not Type 1 Diabetes
Get PDFEfsitora is a once-weekly basal insulin under investigation in a series of 5 phase 3 clinical trials called the QWINT development program. In QWINT-2 and QWINT-5 trials including insulin-naïve patients with type 2 diabetes and adults with type 1 diabetes, respectively, efsitora was compared to once-daily degludec. In both trials, efsitora was found non inferior to degludec in lowering glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c) levels after 52 weeks. In patients with type 2 diabetes, 6 episodes of level 3 hypoglycemia (i.e. severe hypoglycemia associated with cognitive impairment) occurred with degludec versus none with efsitora. However, incidence of level 1 hypoglycemia or hypoglycemia alert [blood glucose (BG) 54-69 mg/dl] was numerically greater with efsitora versus degludec, estimated rate ratio (ERR) 1.24 (95% CI, 0.99-1.55). Moreover, rates of level 2 hypoglycemia or clinically significant hypoglycemia (BG <54 mg/dl) were also numerically increased with efsitora versus degludec, ERR 1.34 (0.94-1.78). In type 1 diabetes, the QWINT-5 study showed that incidence of all levels of hypoglycemia was significantly increased with efsitora versus degludec, with relative rates of 1.15 (95% CI, 1.03-1.29; P=0.016) and 3.44 (95% CI, 1.64-7.19; P=0.0011) for levels 1 and 3 hypoglycemia, respectively. Incidence of nocturnal hypoglycemia was similar in efsitora and degludec groups in both QWINT-2 and QWINT-5 trials. Patients’ satisfaction was significantly improved with efsitora versus degludec in patients with type 1 and type 2 diabetes. In conclusion, efsitora might be a convenient basal insulin for patients with type 2 diabetes to decrease number of insulin injections. However, efsitora may be unsafe in patients with type 1 diabetes due to increased risk of hypoglycemia. Further studies are required to determine a safe dose-titration strategy to decrease incidence of hypoglycemia with efsitora
Lacto Vegetarianism, Probiotics, and Prevention of Hypertension-A Short Review
Get PDFThe lactovegetarian diet, primarily followed throughout the Indian subcontinent, including India, Sri Lanka, Nepal, and Bhutan, is centred on plants and milk. This diet includes Polyphenols, plant and milk-based lipids, and high-fiber carbohydrates. Plant-based diets mostly promote the growth of good bacteria such as Lactobacillus, Akkermansia, and Bifidobacterium while reducing the numbers of Clostridium and Enterococcus. Probiotics have recently been the topic of scientific investigation about their ability to lower the risk of cardiovascular disease. The production of SCFAs, CLA, GABA, and ACE-inhibitory peptides by the probiotic strains Lactobacilli and Bifidobacteria has been linked to possible hypotensive effects
Application of Big Data Analytics to Determine Traffic Congestion
No full textThis study focused on the application of big data analytics to estimate roadway congestion. The implementation of big data allows a convenient approach of data collection without any field or observer biasness. It also relieves the restriction of a limited sample. Highway Capacity Manual 2000 suggested considering travel speed as the most appropriate parameter for describing traffic congestion. Therefore, this research employs a speed performance index with the concept of big data analytics to describe traffic congestion of road. This research estimates speed performance index for different sections of road. The data was gathered for three main roads of Karachi i.e. Rashid Minhas Road, Shahra e Faisal Road and Main Korangi Road. The major achievement of this study project is to propose a novel approach to calculate the speed of a vehicle without field measurements. The data is collected through Smartphone with the aid of an application available online namely My Track. The data that was utilized for this project mainly comprises of GPS Exchange Format (GPX) routes that are converted into Extensible Markup Language (XML) to run the developed script. The script was able to determine the status of congestion on a variety of highways with the help of speed performance index. The same script can be used by administrators and other transportation service providers for estimating the congestion on a real-time basis. The methods and procedures from this study would aid in the transportation planning process, especially for route selection of individuals as well as services
Systematic Comparison, Evaluation and Identification of Robust Model to Forecast the Closing Price of S&P 500 Financial Sector through Classical and AI-Based Approaches
Get PDFS&P 500 is the largest and state-of-the-art stock market index in North America, which attracted a wide range of audience. The primary objective of this study is to compare the widely used four stock forecasting approaches: Long Term- Short Term Memory (LSTM), Gated Recurrent Unit, (GRU), Convolutional Neural Network, (CNN) and traditional forecasting approach: Auto- Regressive Integrated Moving Average (ARIMA) to identify the best and more robust forecasting model for daily and weekly closing price on the S&P 500 financial sector. Thus, we developed and compared the performance and quality of these AIbased approaches with baseline traditional ARIMA model using well- defined two statistical metrics, Root Mean Square Error (RMSE) and Mean Absolute Error (MAE) as the evaluation criterion. In the scope of our study, we have found that the LSTM outperforms (with more than 15% improvement in RMSE and with more than 30% improvement in MAE compared to ARIMA) 2 out of 3 train/test data splits compared to other proposed deep learning approaches including GRU and traditional ARIMA models with respect to two widely used RMSE and MAE evaluation metrics for daily closing price forecasting in the S&P 500 Financial Sector. Additionally, in the weekly closing price forecasting models, the traditional ARIMA model outperforms all deep learning models on 2 out of 3 train/test data splits with respect to the statistical metric RMSE
Precision in Practice: Nanotechnology and Targeted Therapies for Personalized Care
Get PDFCustomization of medicine has made healthcare even more personalized, enhancing therapeutical efficiency with low adverse effects. It can be achieved through an innovative tool that has reached unprecedented abilities through the process of nanotechnology in targeted drug delivery, advanced diagnostics, and therapeutic systems. This makes a review on the integration of nanotechnology with personalized medicine-including historical considerations towards applications in today's contexts up to future perspectives.
The targeting of diseased tissues has proven to be tremendous, considering a combination of both passive and active targeting mechanisms that nanospheres assume the form of liposomes, dendrimers, or polymeric micelles. Quantum dots and nanosensors have revolutionized the area of diagnostics, enabling detection at an earliest possible stage with real-time monitoring, changing patient care forever. Theranostic platforms, integrating therapeutic agents with diagnostic tools, really reveal the dynamic ability to customize treatments.
Despite these strides forward, the critical problems to be overcome are those related to biological complexity, barriers caused by regulation, and eventual long-term toxicities. Biocompatible biodegradable nanocarrier research and responsive system explorations will help move such applications forward in a positive fashion toward better and safer designs. The joining of wearable nanotechnology to a nanoparticle-enabled gene delivery system is probably going to move standards of care.
This review outlines the crucial role nanotechnology is playing in moving personalized medicine forward, from bridging diagnosis to therapy and filling the gap of heterogeneity in disease. But a lot more is to come because it holds promise for a revolution in healthcare ever more precise, adaptable, and patient-centered with innovation and interdisciplinary collaboration continuing
Financial Innovations for Scaling Up Green Hydrogen Investments in India
Get PDFGreen hydrogen is a promising new technology with the potential to decarbonize a wide range of sectors. However, the high cost of production and lack of established infrastructure are major challenges that need to be addressed. This paper identifies financial challenges and opportunities for green hydrogen projects in India and delves deeper into potential financing mechanisms and investment models for green hydrogen projects in India. Furthermore, the study also attempts to develop recommendations for policymakers and investors on how to support the development of green hydrogen in India.
The paper concludes by suggesting some strategies and policies which might help overcome the challenges faced by the green hydrogen sector due to barriers affecting investments. These strategies include facilitating the development of innovative and standardized financing models, and risk assessment frameworks, implementing risk mitigation strategies, exploring revenue-sharing models and power purchase agreements, promoting the use of sustainable finance instruments, encouraging project developers to incorporate ESG criteria in project planning, implementation, and reporting, promoting corporate and institutional investments in green hydrogen, conducting thorough risk assessments to provide transparent information on different risks, highlighting the environmental and social benefits of green hydrogen projects, engaging with institutional investors, impact investors, and corporate entities to showcase green hydrogen projects as attractive investment opportunities. By implementing these strategies and policies outlined in this research, stakeholders can help to overcome the challenges and create an enabling environment for the development of green hydrogen in India. Consequently, this will help to accelerate the transition to a cleaner energy future
Identification of Antibiotic Drugs against SARS-CoV2 Mpro: A Computational Approach for Drug Repurposing
Get PDFThe coronavirus pandemic has posed a significant challenge for researchers seeking to develop new compounds and repurpose existing drugs to manage this disease. It has been found that the Main protease enzyme (Mpro) is critical to the replication of the virus, making it an attractive target for drug development. Different antibiotics have been proven effective against different viruses, leading to their recommendation for COVID-19.
In this study, virtual screening, pharmacokinetics, QSAR, and molecular docking techniques were used to investigate the best antibiotic drugs for COVID-19 by targeting the active and inactive conformations of the Mpro enzyme. The results of the study demonstrate that Praziquantel is a promising candidate for COVID-19 treatment. This is due to several reasons:
First, Praziquantel exhibits better binding energy in both the conformations of Mpro. Second, it binds in S-3A site in native conformation and S-1B in active state. Third, Praziquantel has excellent absorption properties, strong blood-brain barrier penetration power, and reasonably good solubility.
Therefore, the study nominates Praziquantel as the best option for future experimental and pre-clinical investigations for COVID-19
Lymphocele Management: A Pictorial Review of Lymphocele Treatment
No full textLymphocele represents a quite frequent complication of surgical treatments that involve kidneys, lymphadenectomy, and pelvic organs. It can also arise after pelvic trauma, or due to infectious diseases. Aim of this review is to give a pictorial evaluation on current epidemiology, pathophysiology, clinical presentation, diagnosis of lymphocele, with particular attention to possible treatments, considering the standard management, but also the new available alternatives, which arose in the last years. All studies were identified by searching from electronic databases of Pubmed. We used the following keywords to search the database: lymphocele, symptoms, pathophysiology, infection, treatment. All the articles chosen were in English