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Extreme Tongue Flexibility and Voluntary Nasopharyngeal Contact: A Rare Anatomical Case Study
Get PDFBackground: This case report presents an exceptionally rare and previously undocumented anatomical phenomenon involving extreme voluntary tongue hypermobility. The ability to maneuver the tongue beyond the uvula and into the nasopharyngeal region is highly unusual in adults. The novelty of this case lies in the natural inborn presence of this ability without any surgical modification, functional impairment or medical concern.
Case presentation: The subject is a 28-year-old Asian female of Pakistani ethnicity who exhibits remarkable control over her tongue movement. Since early childhood, she has been able to voluntarily elevate and extend her tongue past the uvula to make direct contact with structures within the nasopharynx. Notably, she can touch and manipulate an inflated, balloon-like structure, suspected to be an enlarged adenoid or lymphoid tissue and extract phlegm through this movement without external tools or suction. There is no history of trauma, surgery or congenital abnormalities and clinical evaluations have not revealed any related pathology. The subject reports no discomfort and her speech, swallowing and breathing remain normal. Neurological and ENT examinations confirm the presence of this rare mobility, with no associated deficits.
Conclusions: This case highlights an extraordinary example of tongue mobility with potential implications for clinical understanding in fields such as otolaryngology, speech-language pathology and neurology. It raises intriguing questions about anatomical variability, neuromuscular control and the adaptability of oral structures. Further exploration of similar cases may provide insights into developmental anomalies or neuromuscular plasticity that could have diagnostic or therapeutic relevance
 
Variation in Genes and the Demography of Giberellin Producer Fusarium fujikuroi, a Pathogen that Triggers Bakanae Disease and its Industrial Importance
Get PDFThe review paper delves into the genetic variability, population dynamics, and commercial relevance of Fusarium fujikuroi, a type of fungus that is recognized for its participation in the synthesis of Gibberellin, a set of phytohormones that exert a wide range of effects on plant growth and development. This review aims to explicate the mechanisms that underlie the involvement of F. fujikuroi in the production of Gibberellin and its consequential effects on agriculture and associated industries. This article presents a comprehensive literature review of the genetic diversity in F. fujikuroi, explores the determinants that shape its demographic patterns, and scrutinizes its correlation with Bakanae disease. Furthermore, the industrial importance of F. fujikuroi in synthesizing Gibberellins and its possible utilization in diverse industries are thoroughly examined. The fungus F. fujikuroi, which exists in a multicellular form, is responsible for the onset of Bakanae disease, posing a significant risk to a wide range of crop plants. This review accentuates the chronological advancements in comprehending F. fujikuroi and Bakanae ailment, underscoring the paramount importance of Gibberellin biosynthesis by the fungal pathogen. This review delves into the genetic diversity present in F. fujikuroi and the pivotal genes implicated in the biosynthesis of Gibberellin. Additionally, the mechanisms governing the regulation of gene expression are examined. The results of this review enhance comprehension of the genetic diversity, demographic attributes, and industrial relevance of F. fujikuroi, thereby facilitating forthcoming investigations and progressions in this diverse fungal species
Harnessing Data and Technology for Effective Management of Non-Performing Loans: A Systematic Literature Review
Get PDFThis systematic literature review examines the role of emerging technologies, including artificial intelligence, machine learning, blockchain, cloud computing and data analytics, in enhancing the management of non-performing loans. Non-performing loans pose significant risks to financial stability and their effective management is crucial for maintaining the health of financial institutions. This study systematically synthesises existing research to identify how these technologies enhance non-performing loan processes, including identification, monitoring and recovery. The findings reveal that artificial intelligence and machine learning improve non-performing loan detection by analysing borrower behaviour, predicting default risks and enabling proactive risk management. Blockchain ensures secure and transparent loan records, enhancing data integrity and reducing fraud. Cloud computing and data analytics provide scalable solutions for continuous monitoring, while optimisation models and predictive analytics enhance recovery strategies. The review further highlights the influence of macroeconomic factors and bank-specific variables on non-performing loan levels, as well as how technology can mitigate these impacts. This research provides practical insights for financial institutions, regulators and technology providers, offering a roadmap for leveraging advanced technologies to enhance the efficiency of non-performing loan management and mitigate financial risks. Future research should expand its scope by incorporating multiple databases to gain a comprehensive understanding of global trends
Prevalence and Factors Associated with Diabetes and Hypertension Among HIV Patients at Tertiary Hospital, Kilimanjaro, Tanzania
Get PDFIntroduction: Diabetes and hypertension are prevalent non-communicable diseases that significantly affect people living with HIV, particularly those on antiretroviral therapy. Despite the increasing recognition of these conditions, their prevalence and associated risk factors among people living with HIV in Tanzania remain underexplored. This study aimed to determine the prevalence and risk factors of diabetes and hypertension among HIV patients attending Child-Centred Family Care Clinic at KCMC Hospital.
Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted from May to June 2024, involving 341 people living with HIV attending the Child-Centred Family Care Clinic at KCMC Hospital. Data were collected through face-to-face interviews, file reviews, and physical measurements. Hypertension was defined as systolic blood pressure ≥ 140 mmHg/ or diastolic blood pressure ≥ 90 mmHg. Diabetes was defined as blood glucose level of ≥140 mg/dL. A logistic regression model was used to identify factors associated with diabetes and hypertension.
Results: Prevalence of hypertension was 23.5% (80) while the prevalence of 14.1% (48) was diabetes. Hypertension was most prevalent in individuals aged 36-62 years (71.3%), whereas 70.9% of diabetic patients reported a family history of diabetes. Multivariate analysis revealed that older age was significantly associated with hypertension, with participants aged 18-35 years showing a lower likelihood of hypertension (AOR=0.10; 95% CI: 0.03-0.41; p=0.004) compared to those over 63 years. Participants earning TZs 500,000 or more per month were more likely to develop diabetes as compared to others (AOR=4.112; 95% CI: 1.199-14.108; p=0.025).
Conclusion: The findings indicate that socioeconomic determinants are critical in influencing the prevalence of diabetes and hypertension among people living with HIV, suggesting that interventions should focus on improving screening and early treatment to at risk groups
Adverse Childhood Experiences (ACEs): Child Maltreatment & The Importance of Prevention & Intervention
Get PDFOne form of Adverse Childhood Experience (ACEs) is child maltreatment (child abuse and neglect) and has substantial negative outcomes for not only children but also for adults later in life. Prevention of child maltreatment is possible and several approaches are discussed. If prevention efforts are unsuccessful then intervention for children impacted and adults who may struggle later in life is critical
Bacteriocins in Food Safety and Food Preservation
Get PDFBackground: Bacteriocins, ribosomally synthesized antimicrobial peptides, have emerged as promising natural biopreservatives in the food industry, offering a sustainable alternative to synthetic chemical preservatives. This review explores the role of bacteriocins in enhancing food safety and extending shelf life across various food products, including meats, fish, dairy, fruits and vegetables. Bacteriocins produced by Lactic Acid Bacteria (LAB), such as Nisin, Pediocin and Enterocin, exhibit strong antimicrobial activity against a wide range of spoilage-causing microorganisms and pathogenic bacteria, without adversely affecting the sensory qualities of food. Accordingly, the objective-cum purpose of this review is to examine the sources, applications and limitations of different bacteriocins used in the food industry.
Methods: A comprehensive and systematic review of scientific literature was conducted to collect relevant information and synthesize the scientific content presented in this manuscript.
Results: This review provides a detailed classification of bacteriocins based on their structural, functional and biochemical properties, highlighting their diverse mechanisms of action. The application of bacteriocins in the food industry is well-supported by numerous studies, which demonstrate their effectiveness in extending shelf life, preventing microbial spoilage and ensuring the safety of food products. Specific examples include their use as natural preservatives in meat, dairy, fruit juices and fresh-cut vegetables. Furthermore, bacteriocins have shown considerable promise in biopreservation strategies for fresh produce, effectively reducing pathogen loads and enhancing microbial safety.
Conclusion: This comprehensive review draws some major conclusions emphasizes the potential of bacteriocins as safe, efficacious and environmentally friendly biopreservatives. Their integration into food safety and preservation systems presents a viable alternative to synthetic additives. However, the review also acknowledges the various limitations and challenges associated with their application, underlining the need for continued research and innovation to optimize their use in the food industry
Advances and Applications in Electrical Industrial Automation: A Comprehensive Review
Get PDFElectrical industrial automation has emerged as one of the key driving forces behind the transformation of modern manufacturing processes. Over the past few decades, automation technologies have significantly enhanced productivity, efficiency, and safety in various industries. This paper provides a comprehensive review of the advancements in electrical industrial automation, including the latest technologies, techniques, and systems used in the automation of industrial processes. We explore the role of smart sensors, Programmable Logic Controllers (PLCs), robotics, and communication protocols in revolutionizing industrial automation. Additionally, the integration of Artificial Intelligence (AI), Machine Learning (ML), and the Internet of Things (IoT) in automation systems has opened up new frontiers in terms of real-time monitoring, predictive maintenance, and system optimization. The paper discusses key applications of automation in sectors such as manufacturing, power generation, transportation, and the oil and gas industry. Despite the numerous advancements, the review also highlights the challenges faced by industries, such as cybersecurity concerns, interoperability issues, and the need for skilled workforce development. The paper concludes by examining future directions for electrical industrial automation, including the potential impact of Industry 4.0, digital twins, and autonomous systems
Financing of Works with Public Opening
Get PDFPublic works financing faces a critical challenge: while traditional projects meet deadlines and budgets by 75%-80%, those with Public-Private Partnerships (PPPs) achieve 90%-95% efficiency (MEF-Perú, 2023). However, a study of 37 cases in the US reveals that 40% of PPPs generate disputes due to regulatory failures or financial management (ASCE, 2024). Even more striking, "green bonds" are emerging as a solution, mobilizing USD 500 billion in 2023 for sustainable infrastructure, although "greenwashing" threatens their credibility (Climate Reality Project, 2023). The paradox: while private investment drives innovation (e.g., 20% savings in highway maintenance, CBO, 2024), its focus on profitability can neglect social benefits. Technology (AI, digital twins) promises to optimize costs by 30%, but only 15% of governments adopt it (McKinsey, 2024). The verdict? PPPs and innovative tools are key, but they require robust legal frameworks to balance efficiency and equity
Push Factors Affecting Tourism FDI in Sri Lanka
Get PDFThis study investigates the influence of home-country push factors on Foreign Direct Investment (FDI) inflows into Sri Lanka's tourism sector. While Sri Lanka has experienced growth in tourism arrivals, FDI into the tourism industry has not kept pace, prompting a deeper examination of determinants beyond host-country conditions. Employing a mixed methods approach, the study integrates time-series data for Sri Lanka (1977-2023) and panel data from ten FDI-generating countries. Econometric analyses using Vector Error Correction Models (VECM) and panel regressions reveal that economic, regulatory, and geopolitical conditions in home countries significantly impact outbound FDI flows. The findings contribute to the academic discourse by emphasizing the importance of integrating both supply-side and demand-side determinants in FDI research and offer actionable policy recommendations for improving Sri Lanka's investment appeal
Cyber Sentinels: Unravelling the Factors Influencing Malaysian Internal Auditors Cybersecurity Risk Judgment Performance
Get PDFCybercrime attacks pose a substantial risk in a globalised economy; for this reason alone, they should not be disregarded. Since the risk-based internal audit is becoming more widely used, the value of the internal audit profession depends on its capacity to examine risks crucial to the management and the board of directors. Internal auditor quality and objectivity have been under intense scrutiny due to the high-profile corporate scandal caused by internal auditor failings. The internal audit function is critical in evaluating cyber disruptions as strategic risks and identifying operational control gaps on the business level. Previous studies using Agency Theory focused on departmental performance as a monitoring mechanism but overlooked the individual role of internal auditors as agents to multiple stakeholders. Addressing this gap, this study applies Social Cognitive Theory to examine how individual factors (experience, IT skills) and environmental factors (information security management practices) influence internal auditors cybersecurity risk judgment. Findings from a survey of 86 Malaysian internal auditors demonstrate that past experience alone is no longer sufficient for effective cybersecurity risk assessment. As cybercrime increasingly threatens the economy and erodes investor confidence, the demand for specialized, high-level IT skills among internal auditors has become critical. The study further reveals that strong information security management practices are a key driver of accurate cybersecurity risk judgment. These findings make clear that organizations must urgently invest in advanced IT training and robust security frameworks to empower internal auditors in delivering high-quality, risk-based internal audits amid escalating cyber threats