Tampere University of Technology

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    4987 research outputs found

    Quantum transport through two-dimensional nanocavities

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    In this thesis work, we present a highly-optimized numerical simulation framework for performing transport calculations in a non-interacting equilibrium. The algorithm has been designed in accordance with the Landauer-Büttiker approach to quantum transport. We outline the algorithm and demonstrate its flexibility and versatility in three different transport scenarios: a single state molecular junction, a two-state molecular junction and a nanocavity with a potential barrier. We study transmission, conductance, and current flowing through these systems. The behavior of the numerical results of the transport simulations has been found to be in good agreement with the theory. We motivate the usage of the algorithm implemented in the TINIE software package in the context of quantum scarring phenomena and non-zero uniform magnetic fields

    Liiketoimintatiedon hallinnan työkalut moniprojektiympäristön tukena

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    Business intelligence has gained significant popularity in the last few years, and not least because of the fact that businesses are managing vast amounts of data in their daily operations. The subject area of business intelligence has not gained the same ground in academy as it has in practice, and our knowledge is lacking especially in the relationship of business intelligence and its organisational context. Business intelligence can integrate data, automate its processing and present it better, thus having something to give for various business environments. In this master’s thesis, the potential of business intelligence is explored in the context of a multi-project environment. The study is a qualitative single-case study on one division of a large Finnish industrial machinery manufacturer. The division is facing issues in managing the complex multi-project environment consisting of various types of projects. The environment is in need of ways to integrate its scattered project management information to enable better coordination. Business intelligence has been chosen as the way to explore solving these issues. Thus, the goals of this study were to understand the state of the organisation, identify its needs and issues further, and explore how those needs could be fulfilled with business intelligence tools. The empirical data was collected via semi-structured interviews and a research diary recording meetings relevant to the subject. The most prevalent issues regarding multi-project management in the organisation were lacking in tools for both project portfolio management and resource management, lacking in information availability across both organisational units and projects, having too many tools for project management and no integration between them, and the poor quality of project management data. These issues were used as the primary drivers for the actual results of this thesis. The three types of reports defined in this thesis were portfolio and project reports, resource utilisation reports and resource demand reports. In addition, the suggestions for further future included better integration of data between various organisational IT systems, mainly to better address the organisational dependencies faced in multi-project management. Business intelligence would also have the potential to renew management of the organisation in various other ways, but a first step was taken with these results. Thus, deeper research is still needed to explore the potential of business intelligence in multi-project management, and other contexts

    Reshoring of Electric Bicycle Frame Manufacturing Through Postponement

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    Bicycle manufacturers struggle to meet the seasonal demand of their products due to frame manufacturing lead times of upwards of 6 months. As such, design and testing through FEA is assessed in terms of labour hours for a proposed product development strategy. The current method of manufacturing bicycle frames within the custom geometry class is through brazing lugs and tubes. This manufacturing method requires 115 tools and 30 labour hours. By contrast, 3D printing the lugs and gluing them to carbon fibres tubes can bring the tools used to 31 and the labour hours to 9. Overhead engineering costs have not been added to the investigation which is likely to greatly increase the price but also to add a quality component. The conclusion of the thesis points towards the technology being a promising candidate for domestic manufacturing within the European Union with the capability to reduce lead times to 3 or 4 months for 100 frames if finishing such as painting is not included. Further analysis and verification to this empirical study is needed before it can be implemented, particularly due to the novelty of the machines and materials used. The overhead engineering costs also needs further validation

    Characterization of the Dependence between Brachial and Aortic Pressure Pulse Waves

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    Tämän työn tarkoituksena on tutkia olkavarsipainepulssiaallon ja aorttapainepulssiaallon välistä yhteyttä sekä sen mittausmenetelmiä. Työssä keskitytään erityisesti olkavarresta mitatun pulssiaallon muuttamiseen aorttapaineaalloksi siirtofunktioiden avulla. Työtä varten kerättiin mittausdataa pienimuotoisella tutkimuksella, joka suoritettiin kymmenelle henkilölle. Tutkimuksen tuloksia käytetään työssä muutosprosessin tutkimisessa. Verenpaine mitataan usein kotitalouksissa, sekä terveysasemilla olkavarresta. Tämän arvon avulla arvioidaan ihmisen verisuoniston terveyttä. Monia verisuonistoa heikentäviä tekijöitä kuten suurten suonten jäykistymistä, ei havaita läheskään niin hyvin suoralla olkavarsimittauksella kuin olisi mahdollista aorttapaineaallon avulla. Aorttapaineaallon selvittäminen ei kuitenkaan ole erityisen yksinkertaista ja vaatii kalliita laitteita tai suoraa katetrointia. Tämän vuoksi aorttapaineaallon tarkkailun kehittäminen olisi tarpeellista

    Alustariippumaton mobiilisovellusten kehitys React Nativella

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    Developing and maintaining mobile applications for multiple platforms at the same time can be time consuming. Since the applications have to be developed with each platform’s native development technologies, the software designers have to develop and maintain multiple separate source codes for one application. This has pushed many companies and communities to creating new development frameworks and tools for mobile applications which allow the developers to write and maintain a single codebase. The codebase is then compiled to native applications for each platform, and the applications can be published through the platforms’ application marketplaces. This thesis focuses on cross-platform mobile development technologies, specifically on the ones that utilize each platform’s native functionality to deliver a familiar user experience to the end users, and React Native is then picked for a closer look. The purpose of this research is to find out if cross-platform technologies are a viable option for modern mobile application development in terms of both development experience as well as user experience. The primary finding of the research was that while React Native and other cross- platform technologies may be a practical option for mobile application development, it is unclear when cross-platform technologies have a significant advantage over native development. In small applications the difference between the two is not pronounced and in more complex applications cross-platform technologies do not necessarily have many benefits compared to native technologies

    Validation for theory of production

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    Tässä diplomityössä perehdytään murskain– ja seulontalaitteita valmistavan yrityksen käytössä oleviin järjestelmiin ja niissä esiintyviin datavirheisiin. Samalla työssä esitetään ja validoidaan tuotannon teoria käytännön esimerkkitapausten pohjalta. Tutkimuksen al-kuperäisen tarpeen synnytti tuotannossa esille tulleet datavirheet ja niistä aiheutuneet ongelmat. Tutkimustyön alussa tutustutaan teorioihin, joita tuotannosta on esitetty. Näitä ovat Walrasian–tuotantomalli, factory physics model of manufacturing ja tuotteen toteutumi-sen malli. Työssä esitellään myös tuotannon muutos–, virtaus– ja arvoa generoiva näkö-kulma. Käytännön osuudessa tutkittiin yrityksen datavirheiden juurisyitä syy–seurauskaavioilla ja selvitettiin tietovirran kulkua yrityksen tilaus-toimitusprosessin läpi. Työn tuloksina saatiin selville kolmen yleisimmän datavirhetapauksen juurisyyt sekä nii-den ratkaisemiksesi toimenpide–ehdotuksia. Suurimpana ongelmana olivat tuotannossa tapahtuvat muutokset ja järjestelmistä johtuvat ongelmat. Datavirhe tapausten käsitte-lyyn tulee kehittää uusi toimintatapa ja eri järjestelmien välille tulee kehittää automaatti-tarkastus–ohjelma. Työn käytännön osuudessa selvitettiin myös tietovirran kulkua yri-tyksen läpi ja sen pohjalta pystyttiin validoimaan teoria osuudessa esitetty tuotannon teoria

    Electricity consumption of sewage pumping stations as a tool of infiltration and inflow quantification - Sewage system of Vesilahti municipality

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    Viemärin vuotovedet ovat ympäristöstä viemäriverkostoon vuotavia pohja- maa- tai hulevesiä, joiden johtaminen ja käsittely on niiden kemiallisten ominaisuuksien vuoksi usein tarpeetonta. Vuotovesimäärien vähentämisellä voidaan vaikuttaa esimerkiksi jäteveden johtamisen ja käsittelyn kustannuksiin sekä viemäröintijärjestelmien toimintavarmuuteen. Tässä diplomityössä arvioitiin Vesilahden kunnan jätevesiverkoston eri osissa syntyviä vuotovesimääriä, sekä paikannettiin viemärin vuotokohtia korjausta varten. Kiinteiden virtausmittareiden puuttuessa kvantitatiivinen vuotovesitarkastelu toteutettiin jätevesipumppaamojen sähkönkulutustietoja hyödyntäen. Tarkastelu perustuu jäteveden pumppauksessa tapahtuviin sähkönkulutuksen muutoksiin, joiden havaittiin indikoivan muutoksia myös jätevesivirtaamassa. Menetelmän käyttöä ja hyödynnettävyyttä pyrittiin perustelemaan teoreettisen tarkastelun lisäksi saatavilla olevalla mittausdatalla. Tulosten perusteella vaikuttaa siltä, että jätevesipumppaamojen sähkönkulutus on riippuvainen viemärivesivirtaamasta. Sähkönkulutuksen ja virtaaman yhteyttä voidaan hyödyntää vuotovesimäärien arvioimisessa kohteissa, joissa luotettavaa virtaamadataa ei ole käytettävissä. Vesilahden kunnan viemäriverkoston vuotovesiprosentti vuonna 2017 oli 43,4 %, joka on valtakunnallista keskitasoa. Laskuttamatonta jätevettä johdettiin puhdistamolle 82 087 m3. Vuotokohtien paikantamisessa käytettiin yleisiä vuotovesitutkimuksen menetelmiä; savukokeita, kaivojen tarkastuksia ja viemärikuvauksia. Vuotoja havaittiin syntyvän erityisesti huonokuntoisten tarkastuskaivojen ja -putkien sekä jätevesipumppaamojen liitoksistaan irronneiden ylivuotoputkien kautta. Työn tuloksia voidaan hyödyntää Vesilahden kunnan jätevesiverkoston korjausohjelman suunnittelussa ja sen pohjalta tapahtuvassa vuotovesimäärien vähentämisessä.Infiltration and inflow (I/I, extraneous water) of sanitary sewer systems can be defined as groundwater or storm water that undesirably enters the sewage network. Conveying and treating the extraneous water is usually unnecessary, due to the chemical features of it. For example, economic efficiency and operational reliability of wastewater management can be improved by decreasing the amounts of extraneous water. Formation of extraneous water in Vesilahti municipality’s sewage system is surveyed in this thesis. Leaking parts of the network were located to be repaired in sewage rehabilitation. In the absence of fixed flowmeters, the quantitative I/I review was implemented by using the electricity consumption data of the sewage pumping stations. The method is based on the changes occurring in electricity consumption of wastewater pumping. These changes were observed to indicate the changes in the flowrate of wastewater coming to the pumping station. The usage of the method was based on both theoretical review and measurement data. Based on the results, it seems that the electricity consumption of a sewage pumping station is dependent on the flow rate of the sewage coming to it. The connection of these factors can be utilized in assessing the I/I amounts, especially when there is no reliable flowmeter data available. In 2017, the volume of I/I-water in Vesilahti municipality’s sewage system was 43.4 % of all the water conveyed to wastewater treatment plant, which is close to the national average. The percentage corresponds a volume of 82 087 m3. Locating the leaking parts of the network was implemented by using common methods of I/I investigation: closed-circuit television (CCTV) inspection, smoke tests and manhole inspection. Based on the observations made, the main routes for I/I to flow into the network seem to be damaged manholes and leaking joints in overflow pipes. The results of this study can be utilized in planning the rehabilitation program of the sewage system of Vesilahti municipality, and in reducing the I/I rate of it

    Change of domestic heating from oil to ground source heating

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    Tässä tutkimuksessa tarkastellaan maalämpöjärjestelmää ja öljylämmitystä. Pyrkimyksenä on selvittää järjestelmien perustoiminta ja laskea maalämpöpumppuinvestoinnille takaisinmaksuaika. Tutkimuksessa tarkastellaan kolmea erikokoista omakotitaloa. Jokaisessa taloudessa oli käytössä öljylämmitys ja öljykattilan uusiminen oli ajankohtaista. Talouksissa oli erivahvuiset eristykset, mikä otettiin huomioon laskuissa. Työssä laskettiin myös jokaisen esimerkkitalouden tuottama vuosittainen hiilidioksidipäästö öljylämmityksellä. Tulosten perusteella ei pystytty määrittämään sellaista neliömäärää, jonka perusteella maalämpö olisi taloudellisesti järkevää. Kuitenkin yli 100 m2:n kohteessa on syytä tarkastella tapauskohtaisesti maalämpöpumpun investointia. Asunnot eivät tuottaneet vuoden aikana erityisen suuria hiilidioksidipäästöjä. Asunnon keskimääräistä hiilidioksidipäästöä voidaan verrata määrältään kahden auton vuotuiseen hiilidioksidipäästömäärään

    Bayesian networks in additive manufacturing and reliability engineering

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    A Bayesian network (BN) is a powerful tool to represent the quantitative and qualitative features of a system in an intuitive yet sophisticated manner. The qualitative aspect is represented with a directed acyclic graph (DAG), depicting dependency relations between the random variables of the system. In a DAG, the variables of the system are shown with a set of nodes and the dependencies between them are shown with a directed edge. A DAG in the Bayesian network can be a causal graph under certain circumstances. The quantitative aspect is the local conditional probabilities associated with each variable, which is a factorization of the joint probability distribution of the variables in the system based on the dependency relation represented in the DAG. In this study, the benefits of using BNs in reliability engineering and additive manufacturing is investigated. In the case of reliability engineering, there are several methods to create predictive models for reliability features of a system. Predicting the possibility and the time of a possible failure is one of the important tasks in the reliability engineering principle. The quality of the corrective maintenance after each failure is affecting consecutive failure times. If a maintenance task after each failure involves replacing all the components of an equipment, called perfect maintenance, it is considered that the equipment is restored to an “as good as new” (AGAN) condition, and based on that, the consecutive failure times are considered independent. Not only in most of the cases the maintenance is not perfect, but the environment of the equipment and the usage patterns have a significant effect on the consecutive failure times. In this study, this effect is investigated by using Bayesian network structural learning algorithms to learn a BN based on the failure data of an industrial water pump. In additive manufacturing (AM) field, manufacturing systems are normally a complex combination of multiple components. This complex nature and the associated uncertainties in design and manufacturing parameters in additive manufacturing promotes the need for models that can handle uncertainties and are efficient in calculations. Moreover, the lack of AM knowledge in practitioners is one of the main obstacles for democratizing it. In this study, a method is developed for creating Bayesian network models for AM systems that includes experts’ and domain knowledge. To form the structure of the model, causal graphs obtained through dimensional analysis conceptual modeling (DACM) framework is used as the DAG for a Bayesian network after some modifications. DACM is a framework for extracting the causal graph and the governing equations between the variables of a complex system. The experts’ knowledge is extracted through a probability assessment process, called the analytical hierarchy process (AHP) and encoded into local probability tables associated with the independent variables of the model. To complete the model, a sampling technique is used along with the governing equations between the intermediate and output variables to obtain the rest of the probability tables. Such models can be used in many use cases, namely domain knowledge representation, defect prognosis and diagnosis and design space exploration. The qualitative aspect of the model is obtained from the physical phenomena in the system and the quantitative aspect is obtained from the experts’ knowledge, therefore the model can interactively represent the domain and the experts’ knowledge. In prognosis tasks, the probability distribution for the values that an output variable can take is calculated based on the values chosen for the input variables. In diagnosis tasks, the designer can investigate the reason for having a specific value in an output variable among the inputs. Finally, the model can be used to perform design space exploration. The model reduces the design space into a discretized and interactive Bayesian network space which is very convenient for design space exploration

    Dimensioning of reinforced concrete bridge column

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    Tässä työssä tutkitaan sitä, kuinka siltojen teräsbetonipilarit mitoitetaan eurokoodin SFS-EN 1992-1-1 ja Liikenneviraston siltoja koskevien ohjeiden mukaisesti. Pilarin mitoituksessa on kolme erillistä vaihetta: pilarin rakennemallin valinta ja sillan staattisen toimintatavan analysointi, pilarin yhteisvaikutuskapasiteetin laskenta ja pilarin mitoittavien kuormien laskenta. Pilarin rakennemallin valinnassa huomioidaan pilarin toiminta osana koko sillan rakennemallia ja valitaan sen perusteella pilarille nurjahduspituus. Pilarin yhteisvaikutuskapasiteetti lasketaan poikkileikkauksen muodonmuutostiloista sallituilla reunaehdoilla. Mitoittavien kuormien laskennassa huomioidaan pilariin kohdistuvat ulkoiset kuormat, niihin liittyvät epäkeskisyydet sekä kuormituksen aiheuttamista muodonmuutoksista aiheutuvat lisämomentit. Eurokoodi ei anna suoraa ja yksiselitteistä tapaa pilarin yhteisvaikutuskapasiteetin laskentaan eikä pilarin rakennemallin valintaan, mutta asettaa tarvittavat reunaehdot joita soveltamalla tässä työssä on esitetty tapoja mitoittaa sillan teräsbetonipilari. Mitoittavien kuormien laskentaan eurokoodissa on esitetty suoraviivaisesti laskentalausekkeet kahdella eri menetelmällä, joiden käyttöä työn neljännessä kappaleessa esitellään ja avataan

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