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Puun palosuojaus levytyksellä
Get PDFTässä kandidaatin työssä tutkitaan, miten levytyksellä suojaaminen vaikuttaa puurakenteiden palonkestävyyteen. Työ suoritetaan kirjallisuustutkimuksena käyttäen esimerkiksi Ruotsissa aiheesta tehtyjen tutkimusten raportteja. Työssä käsitellään perinteiset puuelementit ja CLT-elementit erikseen, sillä niiden ominaisuudet eroavat merkittävästi toisistaan.
Levytyksen suojausvaikutuksia tarkastellaan hiiltymisen avulla. Puun hiiltyminen oletetaan ajasta riippumattomaksi vakioarvoksi. Eri puumateriaaleille on käytössä standardoidut hiiltymisnopeuden mitoitusarvot, joiden avulla puun hiiltymissyvyys eri ajanhetkillä on arvioitavissa. Puun hiiltymisen oletetaan alkavan 300 °C: en lämpötilassa. Hiiltyminen voi alkaa aikaisemmin tai myöhemmin riippuen esimerkiksi happiolosuhteista.
Levytyksen avulla vaikutetaan hiiltymisen alkamisajankohtaan ja hiiltymisnopeuteen. Hiiltyminen voi alkaa levytyksen takana tai vasta levytyksen petettyä. Levytyksen avulla on tarkoitus siirtää rakenteen hiiltymisen alkamisajankohtaa, jotta rakenne säilyttäisi täyden kantavuutensa mahdollisimman pitkään. Hiiltyminen tapahtuu hiiltymisnopeuden mitoitusarvon lisäksi kahdella muulla nopeudella. Puu hiiltyy mitoitusarvoa hitaammin levytyksen takana, kun levytys vielä suojaa rakennetta liekeiltä, mutta lämpötila on noussut tarpeeksi. Puu hiiltyy mitoitusarvoa nopeammin levytyksen pettämisen jälkeen, kunnes hiiltymisnopeus palaa takaisin mitoitusarvoon.
Puun palosuojaus levytyksellä parantaa puurakenteen kantokykyä palotilanteessa. Suunnitteluvaiheessa on huolehdittava, että levytyksen hyödyt ovat suuremmat kuin haitat. Hiiltymisen alkamisajankohdan on siirryttävä riittävästi, jotta hiiltymisnopeuden kasvu levytyksen pettämisen jälkeen ei kumoa hiiltymisen alkamisajankohdan siirtymisestä saatua hyötyä
Development of a laboratory entry system
Get PDFQuality management is one of the hardest tasks on any manufacturing process. Often quality control focuses on checking that the end product complies with its specifications, even though the real problems are somewhere in the manufacturing process. Thus, the most efficient method for successful quality management is to monitor, control and improve the process itself.
Challenges in quality management have also been recognized in pulp industry, where the process is monitored continuously by taking measurements with automatic analyzers. Some process attributes, however, need to be monitored by a laboratory, which takes periodic samples, analyzes them and inserts results to database for further inspection. One of the most important monitoring methods where analyses can be utilized is statistical process control (SPC), where collected data is used with statistical methods for determining the process state.
The goal of this thesis work was to implement a new application for Valmet Automation with main focus on supporting laboratory work by providing features for inserting analysis values and monitoring the process with integrated SPC features. Research done during the thesis work included reviewing the theory of SPC, interviewing selected pulp mill laboratory staff members and Valmet employees, and finally exploring suitable development techniques for the application.
The results chapter consists of the general overview and validation of the application and evaluation of the development project as a whole. Finally, some of the most important future development tasks were planned to be done after the thesis project was concluded
Testikattavuuden parantaminen testattaessa HTTP rajapintaa Web-sovelluksille tarkoitetulla automaattisella haavoittuvuusskannerilla
Get PDFInformation security and security testing is important for software companies because even if their own information has not been compromised one bad news about badly implemented security can cause irreparable affects to market value and future sales. Standalone vulnerability scanners can be used to implement security testing easily but real effectiveness and functionality how they work remain in the dark if the security tester does not know enough about penetrations testing, technologies used in the software and methods that is used to reveal vulnerabilities.
A Finnish software company M-Files has developed M-files Web Service that is REST like HTTP API for communicating between their document management system and client applications for web and mobile platforms. The goal of my master thesis was to study web application security testing and understand functionality, limitations and technical challenges of standalone vulnerability scanners for web applications. Also it was suggested and implemented solutions that improve the results when M-Files Web Service was scanned by using a standalone vulnerability scanner. The reconnaissance phase was improved by creating an application that retrieves information of every method of M-Files Web Service directly from the source code and sends valid requests to the scanner by using this information. The attack surface is always up-to date and any shortcomings caused by inadequate documentation or environment are defeated. This component improved testing coverage compared to the previous manual solution by 125 percent. Second component that was created was POC extension to OWASP ZAP that improves active scanning by ensuring that the environment is in the best state to reveal vulnerabilities by executing pre-steps before every attack request sent by OWASP ZAP. The solution required modification to core source codes of OWASP ZAP but it was proofed that suggestion could work and produce better result. Some issues caused by the created customization to OWASP ZAP left without solutions so this component is not yet ready for production
Signaalin eheyden parannukset automatisoituun LPDDR4 muistintestausjärjestelmään
No full textDesigning a smart phone requires plenty of testing, tweaking and verification to offer flawlessly functioning high-end products for the customers. Fine-tuning and verifying the memory interface between the application processor and memory, is one important area, which ensures the reliable operation of the device over different operating conditions. Automated testing process reduces the amount of manual measurements, and speeds up the development cycle of the product.
However, because of the rising bandwidth (BW) of memories, the signal integrity (SI) properties of the currently used memory testing system have begun to interfere with the device under test (DUT) by causing stability issues. Also, the measured waveforms have not been corresponding to the expected results with the latest memory modules with high data rates and clock speeds. This master’s thesis combines the previous experience and research about the topic, and introduces some new techniques to improve the measurement quality and to minimize the measurement system’s impact to signal properties of DUT.
The final goal is to upgrade the previously used automated memory testing system with newly developed techniques to allow good measurement quality with 4 th generation low power double data rate (LPDDR4) memories. In the future, the implemented system is meant to be compatible also with upcoming LPDDR memory generations, with very slight modifications.
With implemented memory testing system, there was no more previously mentioned stability issues and measured waveforms matched well to simulations. So at the end, the system performed as expected. There was couple of observations done during the designing and testing process which could improve the system marginally even further but they were not mandatory in terms of system’s operation, and could be implemented easily to next revisions of breakout printed wiring boards (PWB) for memories with different ball grid array (BGA) pinouts
Digital Twin for Hybrid Installations
Get PDFThe product development and lifecycle management is constantly affected by digitalization. The same trend has been also observed in the simulation technology. The system simulation has evolved from applications with limited and specific use cases to more standardized and multi-disciplinary tools. The “Digital Twin” concept is the most recent advancement in this field where its definition is beyond a simulator. The concept arose from the “Industry 4.0” development and it can be described as a bi-directional communication between physical products data and their digital representation in the entire product lifecycle.
A hybrid power module consists of components such as an engine, a gearbox, the generator sets, the batteries, and technologies for efficiently exploiting the mechanical energy form the engine and the electrical energy from the batteries. The modular product development necessitates adoption of systems engineering approaches and principles in order to handle the product lifecycle management appropriately. Handling the product lifecycle management for the hybrid power modules encompasses the integration of disengaged elements, data, and stakeholders throughout the product development.
In order to address the abovementioned problem, model-based systems engineering approach incorporates available tools and technologies. A product lifecycle management platform and tools in hand like web services and functional mock-up interface justify the development of a digital twin application. This application must be able to reveal the adoption of system of systems view for hybrid power module development. This can be achieved by creating a reference system model and continuously enriching it with the product lifecycle data. To begin with the implementation of a digital twin application, systems engineering theories are studied, a software development lifecycle is chosen, prototypes of the application, and development technologies are selected. Lastly, the application is programmed and deployed.
The digital twin application is embedded inside a product lifecycle management platform and exploits other resources and data alongside. The application is a simplified implementation of the “V” lifecycle model in systems engineering and achieves objectives like task-centered product development, value co-creation in business processes, product data management, simulation-based, and requirements validation among others
Customer feedback in the development of an organization’s operations
Get PDFNykypäivänä kilpailu lähes kaikilla markkinoilla on kasvanut, ja organisaatiot etsivät jatkuvasti keinoja lisätä kilpailuetuaan. Asiakkaan osallistaminen asiakaspalautteen avulla tuo organisaatiolle tietoa asiakkaan tyytyväisyydestä ja asiakkaan todellisista tarpeista, mikä oikein hyödynnettynä voi tuoda organisaatiolle kilpailuetua.
Tämän kandidaatintyön tarkoituksena oli selvittää mitä mahdollisuuksia asiakaspalaute tuo organisaation toiminnan kehittämiseen. Lisäksi tarkasteltiin asiakaspalautteen eri lähteitä ja minkälaisia vaatimuksia onnistunut asiakaspalautteen hyödyntämisen prosessi aiheuttaa organisaatiolle.
Tutkimuksen tuloksena huomattiin, että asiakaspalautteen merkitys organisaation toiminnan kehittämisessä on tunnistettu ja asiakaspalautteen hyödyntäminen tuo organisaatiolle kilpailuetua. Lisäksi todettiin, että asiakaspalautetta kerätään ja hyödynnetään entistä enemmän. Kuitenkin haasteena on tiedon jakaminen kaikille tahoille, jotka sitä voisivat hyödyntää. Digitalisaation vaikutus asiakaspalautteen keräämiseen on huomattavissa, ja se on asettanut uusia vaatimuksia palautteen analysoinnille ja hyödyntämiselle
Suitability of augmented reality devices in teaching
No full textTyössä on tutkittu lisätyn todellisuuden laitteistojen soveltuvuutta opetuksessa. Lisätty todellisuus on kasvava sovellusala, ja sitä hyödynnetään monipuolisissa kohteissa. Soveltuvuuden arvioinnissa on käytetty ulkoisia lähteitä sekä työtä varten itse toteutetun sovelluksen ValveAR kerryttämää kokemusta ja havaintoja.
Lisätyllä todellisuudella on havaittu olevan monia hyötyjä opetuksessa. Sen avulla voidaan parantaa oppilaiden keskittymistä ja tuloksia sekä tarjota samanlaista opetusta käytössä olevista tiloista huolimatta. Tämän lisäksi sovelluksien kehittäminen on nykyaikana helpompaa, joten niitä voidaan kehittää monipuolisemmin, ja opetuslaitokset, opettajat ja oppilaat voivat rakentaa omia lisätyn todellisuuden sovelluksiaan, jotka ovat räätälöity heidän tarpeisiinsa ja oppimateriaaleihinsa.
Sovelluksia suunniteltaessa on huolehdittava, etteivät ne häiritse opetushenkilökunnan tai oppilaiden keskittymistä opetettavaan asiaan. Monimutkainen ohjeistus, sovelluksien ja laitteiden toimimattomuus, suuri määrä aistiärsykkeitä kerralla sekä koulutuksen puute heikentävät keskittymistä. Mobiilisovelluksien yhteydessä ongelmakohtia ovat huonot työskentelyasennot, käsien rasittuminen, kompastumiset ja törmäykset ympäristössä oleviin esineisiin.
ValveAR -sovellus toteutettiin Unity-ohjelmistolla. Sovellus käyttää Tangon-ohjelmistoalustaa, jonka avulla saadaan syvyysmittauksia ympäristöstä, ja se on käytössä Asuksen ZenFone AR -älypuhelimessa. Sovelluksella käyttäjä voi lisätä todelliseen ympäristössä olevalle tasolle, kuten pöydälle tai lattialle, kolmiulotteisin mallin venttiilistä. Venttiilin mallissa oleva animaatio havainnollistaa venttiilin toimintaa
Designing for Mental Health: a Psychiatric Hospital in Seinäjoki
No full textHow to design a psychiatric hospital?
We would hear radically different answers to that question during the 200 history of mental hospital architecture. Rarely a building type is linked with such conflict of concepts, ideas, and design principles. From structures defined by order, symmetry, segregation, and hierarchy, to open institutions with patients in the center. Today we have a unique combination of improved understanding of mental illness, growing involvement of patients and their families in treatment process, emerging evidence the influence that built design can have on wellbeing. Even though the hospital operation principles have changed a lot, the architecture is still to follow with its response.
Psychiatric hospital is a complicated institution - it is a place where two very different groups (patients and medical professionals) coexist, where environment can be very stressful and prone to conflict. Private space, dignity, authority, power, collaborative care, and cooperation with community are some of the factors reflected in physical design, that shape patient's and staff's experience.
In my thesis, I try to make sense of ideologies and beliefs that have influenced the development of psychiatric hospital design through time.
I focus specifically on Finnish history and policy regarding mental health services. Through analysis of modern mental hospitals, literature review of existing research I formulate design principles that I employ in my design of a mental hospital in Seinäjoki, using the existing program and guidelines provided by the hospital. The project is intended to be an experiment, an alternative version of the real hospital that is going to be built in 2021
STATCOM:n harmonisen suorituskyvyn parantaminen
Get PDFIn this thesis, harmonic performance of STATCOM (Static Synchronous Compensator) was studied. Harmonic performance means the amount of harmonic current emissions and their effect on harmonic voltages at the connection point of the compensator. It has been observed that harmonic current emissions are small when grid voltage is sinusoidal but they increase when harmonics are added to grid voltage. This is a problem as the currents cause harmonic voltages in grid impedances which are added to the existing grid harmonic voltages at the connection point. Standards and transmission operators’ specifications set limits for harmonic voltages at the connection point which are exceeded in some cases with the present current emissions.
The objective of the thesis was to study reasons for the problem and decrease harmonic current emissions. The problem was studied by simulations in PSCAD. Harmonic current and voltage spectrums at the connection point of STATCOM were simulated with same grid harmonic voltages in several cases where some STATCOM attributes were modified. Especially, the effect of different control functions on harmonic performance was studied.
Two voltage feedforward options were compared. It was observed that harmonic currents of orders from 20 to 40 were smaller with fundamental component feedforward. Instantaneous value of voltage as feedforward is intended to remove harmonic currents completely. It was noticed that the delay caused by modulator deteriorates its performance especially at high-order harmonics. Low-order harmonics were still smaller than with fundamental feedforward. However, the performance of a real system will not be so good due to errors in harmonic voltage measurement. Also, performance with low-pass filtered feedforward was investigated. Harmonic currents around 30th were well mitigated. Low-order harmonics were smaller than with fundamental feedforward but not as small as with instantaneous feedforward due to filter’s phase delay.
Low-order harmonic currents were reduced to almost zero by actively controlling them. Control was implemented by adding resonant branches for these harmonics in PR-controller (proportional-resonant controller). Second harmonic current could be removed only partly by control. Part of it resulted from the controller which controls the average of DC-voltages in STATCOM branches to nominal value. Still, harmonic current control requires exact harmonic current measurement which may be challenging in a real system.
Second harmonic current was observed to increase in voltage control mode when operating point was shifted from capacitive to inductive. To mitigate it, a band-stop filter was designed for voltage d-component which is produced by synchronization
A Semi-Automatic Vision Based Calibration and Control of a Micromanipulator for Fiber Handling
No full textMicrosystems is a topic which is under a lot of research. Many micro actuation and sensor technologies have been seen emerging in the market. This opened a gateway of development in the field of micro-robotic systems. In fixed micro-robotic systems, micromanipulation plays a key role for the handling of micro objects. It has many applications in various fields like micro-robotic industry, micro-robotic surgery, testing of micro objects and bioengineering.
To test micro objects, they have to be picked up and placed on a testbed which is a hard manual process. This thesis is a step forward in the development of a fully automated pick and place process of fibrous material. To achieve this goal a technique was established to perform camera calibration with minimal effort. It not only calibrates the camera but it also binds the micromanipulator with the camera calibration values.
This thesis presents a calibration technique which can be used with any manipulators of nearly the same design and whose actuators are equipped with closed loop sensor feedback control. Instead of large measurements, dimensioning and calculations, this thesis established a technique which uses four points to calibrate the whole system with minimum effort and calculations