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Small Scale Compressed Air Energy Storage
Get PDFElectrical Energy is what drives the modern word and storing it has always been a necessity since the source is not always available when the energy is needed. Nowadays with this boom of utilizing renewable energy sources the need is felt more than ever regarding significantly intermittent behavior of these energy sources such as wind and sunlight. Different tools have been employed for that purpose with different efficiencies and capacities. Compressed Air Energy Storage (CAES) is one of the promising technologies and being able to use it in small scales offers a lot of opportunities. In this thesis work, a Small Scale Compressed Air Energy Storage (SC-CAES) is designed, built and simulated. The steps taken to build and control this prototype as well as simulating it are reported thoroughly in this work and later on proper experiments are conducted to investigate compliance of the data acquired by the experiments with simulation results. The outcomes of the comparisons are discussed to state the possibility of using the simulation method for studying machines of the same category without building an actual prototype.
In order to measure the important features of the system including the efficiency and capacity as well as its limitations, suitable experiments are also designed and carried out. During the experiments several iterations were made in order to reach the best control algorithm for highest efficiency and agility. Ultimately the prototype proved capable of delivering efficiencies as high as 39 % which is significant for a diabatic SC-CAES. The final results and the thoroughly explained procedure can be used as guidelines for design, simulation and building of similar systems of the same category
Asiakaspalvelun prosessin kehittäminen tiedonhallinnan avulla
Get PDFThe focus of this research was to develop customer service process through knowledge management. Sales agents work in close connection with customers and each customer contact is different. The hectic nature of the work and the width of the organization bring their own challenges to the unified development of the customer service process. The aim of the research was to investigate sales agents’ work process at Nordic level and illustrate the work processes. Furthermore, intention was to identify differences and similarities of the Nordic processes. In the examined organization there was a need to study their sales and sales agents’ work processes in private distribution contact centers. The motive to research the current status is based on the future goal to develop and standardize the contact center business and to achieve better synergy benefits.
The study contains two sections. The first section is a literature review which cover the-ory about information and knowledge management and business processes. The litera-ture review is conducted to introduce the theories relevant to answer the set research questions. In information management in sales organization -chapter focus was in infor-mation management model and value platform model but also in customer service. In the work process modeling -chapter the focus was in business process development and modeling. The second part of the study is an empirical study and was carried out as a pragmatism case study, and the material was collected with interviews and observations. Material was analyzed with classification, and the findings are divided to six main areas: set up, systems, workforce management, education, problem situations and information flow.
Value platform, information management model and country specific process charts of the examined work process were formed and based on the empirical research. And the result of the study combined the widely researched topics of knowledge management and business process illustration. Furthermore, several sectors that could be looked into for further development and possible standardization were pointed out and based on the study. The sectors pointed out were new employees’ orientation, sales agents’ support in problem situations, workforce management including work shifts and schedule during work day and report platform. The research combines utilization of information and knowledge management and business processes in development of customer service processes in contact center environmen
The added value of hybrid power systems for the customers of an energy solution supplier
Get PDFEnergiamarkkinoiden voidaan nähdä olevan suuressa murroksessa, joka vaikuttaa kaikkiin alan toimijoihin ja aiheuttaa sen, etteivät energiamarkkinat ole enää yhtä vakaat ja ennustettavat, kuin ne ovat aikaisemmin olleet. Globaalit megatrendit näyttäisivät alkaneen vaikuttamaan myös energia-alaan. Energiamurros ilmenee muun muassa siirtymisenä keskitetyistä energiajärjestelmistä kohti hajautettuja energiantuotantomuotoja sekä uusiutuvien energiateknologioiden yleistymisenä. Murroksessa selvitäkseen energia-alan toimijoiden on pohdittava uusia tapoja toimia. Yhdeksi keinoksi vastata muutoksiin onkin ehdotettu hybridiratkaisuja, joissa yhdistetään kaksi tai useampi energianlähde tai tuotantoteknologiatyyppi yhdeksi energiantuotantokokonaisuudeksi. Hybridiratkaisuissa voidaan yhdistää uusiutuvia ja perinteisiä energiateknologioita sekä energiavarastoja.
Tässä diplomityössä käsitellään sitä, millaista lisäarvoa hybridiratkaisut voisivat tarjota energiaratkaisutoimittajan tyypillisille asiakkaille. Työn tutkimusongelma on Millä tavoin hybridiratkaisuilla voidaan vastata asiakkaiden tarpeisiin ja odotuksiin erityyppisissä energia-alan ja teollisuuden yrityksissä nyt ja tulevaisuudessa? Tämä tutkimus on toteutettu monimetodisena tapaustutkimuksena, jossa luotiin alkuun ymmärrys aiheesta kirjallisuuskatsauksella, jonka jälkeen empiirinen aineisto kerättiin haastattelemalla energiaratkaisutoimittajan tyypillisiä asiakkaita.
Tämän diplomityön tulokset tarjoavat uutta tietoa muun muassa siitä, miten kirjallisuudessa tunnistetut energiamarkkinoiden muutokset näkyvät käytännössä energiaratkaisutoimittajan tyypillisten asiakkaiden toiminnassa, strategiassa ja tarpeissa energiaratkaisuiden osalta, sekä millaisia ajatuksia energiaratkaisutoimittajan asiakkailla hybridiratkaisuihin liittyen on. Työn tulokset kertovat muun muassa siitä, että energiamarkkinoiden muutosten seurauksena asiakkailla tulee todennäköisesti tulevaisuudessa olemaan sellaisia tarpeita, joihin voidaan vastata hybridiratkaisuilla, vaikkeivat asiakkaat niitä vielä juurikaan itse tunnista. Hybridiratkaisuilla voidaan esimerkiksi lisätä uusiutuvien energiaratkaisuiden osuutta, parantaa yrityksen imagoa, vastata kuluttajien vaatimuksiin sekä parantaa yrityksen valmiutta vastata toimintaympäristössä tapahtuviin muutoksiin. Tuloksista selviää kuitenkin, että energiaratkaisutoimittajan on myös huomioitava hybridiratkaisuissa tiettyjä kannattavuuteen ja teknologiaan liittyviä vaatimuksia, joiden tulee täyttyä, jotta asiakkaat olisivat aidosti valmiita investoimaan hybridiratkaisuihin
Kappaleiden havaitseminen pistepilvidatasta syväoppimisella
No full textDeep convolutional neural networks (CNNs) are used in various tasks, especially in classification and object detection in two-dimensional images. In this work, two deep convolutional neural networks were experimented for detecting objects from three-dimensional point cloud data. Neural network models can utilize the additional depth information of point clouds to learn spatial features based on the locations of the data points.
Using deep convolutional neural networks for object detection has promising results but creating a point cloud dataset from scratch requires time. The aim of the experi-ments was to create an own dataset that fits the pre-defined models. The dataset had only several examples for experimenting the models, but good datasets should be as large as possible. The point clouds need complex processing to ensure effectiveness and precise accuracy for the model
Design of Structure and Manufacturability of Evaporator with Polymer Based Heat Surface
No full textDiplomityössä tarkastellaan vaihtoehtoisia ratkaisuja metallituubisen MVR-haihduttimen korvaamista polymeerisellä lämpöpinnalla. Tavoitteena on selvittää tämän tyyppisen konseptin toimivuutta teoreettisten tutkimusmenetelmien avulla ja ehdottaa paras mahdollinen rakennekonsepti tämän pohjalta. Diplomityössä tarkastellaan toimivan polymeerilämpöpinnan valmistettavuutta ja todetaan mikä valmistusmenetelmä on paras vaihtoehto toteuttaa tarkasteltava konsepti.
Lähtökohtana on selvittää yleiset vaatimukset jotka polymeeri lämpöpinnalla varustetun MVR-haihduttimen tulisi täyttää ja nämä vaatimukset pyritään esittämään konkreettisilla suureina. Diplomityö sisältää materiaalivalinnan ja ehdotuksen parhaiten sopivasta materiaalista polymeeri lämpöpinnalle. Valittu materiaali huomioon ottaen esitetään haihduttimen rakenne-ehdotukset, joilla uusi MVR-haihdutin voidaan toteuttaa. Diplomityön lopuksi tulisi arvioida muoviletkuisen MVR-haihdutin konseptin toteutettavuutta ja sitä kuinka polymeeri lämpöpinnalla varustettu haihdutin konsepti täyttää sille asetetut vaatimukset
Rekombinantit, kokosoluiset bakteeribiosensorit luonnonaineuutteiden seulonnassa
No full textNatural extracts have been used in traditional medicine as remedies to treat for example inflammations. During the era of modern medicine, there has been a shift towards usage of synthetic substances. However, many bacteria have already developed resistances against antibiotics or other antibacterial substances. These resistant bacteria cause serious health issues, especially in the hospital environment.
The natural extracts used in traditional medicine are new sources for antibacterial sub-stances. One of these extracts is round-leaved sundew extract, which has been used for example as cough remedy. The compounds of sundew extract, such as naphthoquinones and flavonoids, have proven health effects. The extract of round leaved sundew includes naphthoquinones, such as 7-methyljuglone and plumbagin in small concentrations, as well as flavonoid quercetin.
New measurement methods, which can measure bioavailability and toxicity at the same time, can be useful in the screening of natural extracts. The natural extracts are usually screened as crude extracts, and therefore the concentrations of the active substances can be low, and there can be plenty of different samples to screen. Thus, the methods have to be sensitive, fast and easy to perform and easily adoptable into different laboratories.
This diploma thesis was done as a part of collaboration between Tampere University of Technology and the Natural Resources Institute of Finland (Luke). In this thesis, the an-tibacterial effects of ethanol extracted Drosera rotundifolia from pure tissue culture and plants gathered from two different peatlands were studied using genetically modified bi-oluminescent bacterial cells. Luke Parkano research station provided the round leaved sundew extracts as well as the standard substances, which were quercetin, plumbagin, lawsone and juglone. Recombinant biosensor cells are bacterial cells, which have been genetically modified to include reporter genes from another organism. In this work, four different biosensor strains were used, and they all included a bioluminescent genetic re-porter. The strains were Staphylococcus aureus RH4220, Escherichia coli K12 + pcGLS11, Acinetobacter baylyi ADP1 + pBAV1K-T5-LUX and Pseudomonas putida. The last one was genetically modified during the work by transforming a bioluminescence plasmid pBAV1K-T5-LUX into the P. putida cells using electroporation.
The sundew extracts and the standards showed antibacterial effects on all of the strains. However, there were dissimilarities in the effects between the strains. Therefore, in further studies, it is important to consider the sensitivities of different bacteria. These variances might be caused for example by the gram positive bacteria having dissimilar reactions towards the compounds extracted from the round-leaved sundew than the gram negative
Hissin tasonoven virtausmelu
Get PDFIn this thesis, the object was to investigate flow-induced noise in the fire labyrinths of the elevator landing door. The aim was to locate the noisy structures by means of experiments and to produce a development proposal. In addition, the target was to experimentally investigate the leakage flow rate of the landing door and to examine the suitability of various turbulence models for estimating the leakage flow rate by CFD simulation.
The landing door was processed in the laboratory as small sections constructed from different parts of the fire labyrinths. The 1/3-octave band measurements were performed in the door laboratory of KONE Corporation in Hyvinkää. Estimates of flow rate and the sound power radiating from the whole door was derived based on the measurements.
The door under consideration creates noise that is accompanied by pure tones. By modifying the structure of the fire labyrinth, a pure tone was eliminated and the sound power level of the door decreased by 5 dB. CFD simulation proved to be a useful tool for estimating leakage flow rate through the fire labyrinths
Omistajarakenne ja sen kehitys: Case-tutkimus seitsemästä suomalaisesta pörssilistatusta yrityksestä
No full textEfficient capital markets are essential for market-based economies and their growth. Economic growth is one of the most important factors that enable societies to improve their citizens well-being in multiple ways, for an example increased resources allocated to education and healthcare enabling enhanced outcomes in quality of education and healthcare. Equity ownership provides a way for individuals and groups for partaking in the economic growth of individual companies via dividends and increase in equity market value. This research aims to answer the following questions: What is the ownership structure of Finnish public companies like? How does this ownership structure evolve over time? Do investor groups have differing, systematic tendencies from one and another in terms of their buying and selling decisions related to the case companies?
To answer these questions, a multiple case, longitudinal (1995-2016) study was conducted for seven Finnish publicly listed companies differing in multiple variables including, but not limited to, operating industry, market capitalization, global reach and size of operations. The data used in the research was a combination of publicly available market data through NASDAQ, operator of Helsinki Stock Exchange and non-public trading and ownership data obtained from Euroclear for research purposes. All nominee shareholdings were excluded from the data analysis. Scientific sources for literature review were obtained through various finance and economic theory publications. This review of past literature enabled identification of trends in investors’ market behavior as well as assessment of ownership structure and corporate control in an international environment.
Results indicate that the Finnish case companies have varying ownership structures. Ownership structures have a tendency to remain rather stable over time. Household investors tend to exhibit strong contrarian trading patterns. Institutional investors tend to follow both momentum and contrarian trading strategy. Investor sophistication seems to be inversely correlated with the degree of contrarian-based trading. These findings are supported by past research
Predictive Fault Detection in Low Voltage Underground Network
Get PDFTässä diplomityössä selvitettiin ennakoivan vianhavainnoinnin mahdollisuuksia Suomen pienjännitteisessä maakaapeliverkossa. Työ tehtiin Elenia Oy:lle, joka on Suomen toiseksi suurin sähköverkkoyhtiö. Elenialla merkittävä osa verkon normaalitilan pitkistä keskeytyksistä aiheutuu pienjänniteverkon maakaapelivioista ja vaikutus kasvaa jatkuvasti kaapeloinnin lisääntyessä. Osa vioista kehittyy pitkän ajan kuluessa ja vaurioiden havaitseminen ennen asiakkaalle aiheutuvaa keskeytystä olisi hyödyllistä.
Diplomityön aiheen taustaksi kuvataan Suomen ja Elenian sähkönjakeluverkon toimintaa ja hallintaa. Työn kirjallisuusosuudessa tutustutaan tutkimustietoon pienjännitekaapeleiden hitaasti kehittyvien vikojen synnystä ja vikojen yhteydessä esiintyvistä ilmiöistä. Työssä käsitellään tunnettuja ennakoivan vianhavainnoinnin menetelmiä ja laitteita sekä arvioidaan niiden soveltuvuutta Elenian pienjänniteverkkoon. Tietoa hankittiin kirjallisuudesta, laitevalmistajilta, jälleenmyyjiltä, verkkoyhtiöiltä ja yliopistoilta. Alkuoletusten vastaisesti pienjänniteverkkoon soveltuvia ratkaisuja ei löydetty, vaikkakin kiinnostus aihetta kohtaan on kasvamassa.
Kirjallisuusselvityksen pohjalta tehtiin virtamittauksia Elenian pienjänniteverkon muuntamolähdöillä, joilla pyrittiin arvioimaan paluuvirran hyödynnettävyyttä vianhavainnoinnissa. Työssä tehtiin osasta mittauskohteista PSCAD-simulointimalli, johon mittaustuloksia verrattiin. Pienjänniteverkon normaalitilasta saatiin lisää tietoa, mutta tiedon hyödyntämiseksi tarvitaan tarkempaa tutkimusta.
Työssä pyrittiin myös arvioimaan pienjänniteverkon ennakoivan vianhavainnoinnin kannattavuutta. Kustannuslaskelmia tehtiin vikatilastojen, KAH-vaikutusten ja työn hintojen perusteella. Ennakolta havaittavien vikojen määrän ja keston arviointi osoittautui hankalaksi, mikä helpottuisi tarkemmalla vikatilastoinnilla. Laskennassa käytetyt hinta-arviot tehtiin useiden epävarmojen muuttujien johdosta varmuudeksi alarajoille. Työssä laskettiin siis karkea ja pessimistinen arvio ennakoinnilla mahdollisesti saatavista säästöistä yhdelle muuntamolle asennettavaa laitteistoa kohden, joka oli muutamien satojen eurojen luokkaa.
Pienjännitekaapeleiden ennakoiva vianhavainnointi ei ole vielä ajankohtaista ja vaatii vielä parempaa ymmärrystä pienjänniteilmiöistä. Työn pohjalta voitaisiin tutkia paluuvirtojen hyödynnettävyyttä tarkemmilla mittauksilla vaurioituneista kaapeleista. Laitevaihtoehdoista seuraavan sukupolven AMR-mittareiden hyödynnettävyys vaatisi tarkempaa selvitystä
Literature review: Simulation approach in production systems for implementing Industry 4.0
Get PDFIndustry 4.0 is one of the novel paradigms and the most talking topics in the recent years, there are many resources about it in literature for almost all the industry sector. Industry 4.0 is defined as the fourth industrial revolution, because it provides a wide and new range of possibilities to the Industry. Recent advances and trends of some key technologies such as actuators, sensors, cloud computing and big data analytics make Industry 4.0 possible. Industry 4.0 is a broad subject and there are many concepts related to it for example, cyber physical systems, smart factory and Internet of Things, etc.
Industry 4.0 brings many benefits and challenges, together. In order to eliminate these challenges and increase the benefits of Industry 4.0 implementation, simulation modeling of a system is a one of key approaches using in literature for decision making and provides many other possibilities.
This study aims to state possibilities of using simulation approach for implementing Industry 4.0 in production systems by reviewing literature. Simulation have used in industry since the third industry revolution but it has to be effective and dynamic after the forth industrial revolution due to the huge amount of data collected from products, processes, machines and devices.
The current study started with the investigation of Industry 4.0 paradigm, its technologies and challenges. Then, simulation approach and its types are defined. Finally, Literature was also reviewed according to defined literature review methodology.
The results showed that the simulation approach is very useful to eliminate the challenges of the Industry 4.0 implementation. Furthermore, simulation and new technologies (e.g. Virtual Reality), together, can be used to meet visualization requirements of Industry 4.0. Simulation also provides validation of proposed algorithms for Industry 4.0 implementation