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Legal conditions for the protection of three dimensional signs in trademark law
Get PDFThe need to define three-dimensional trademarks and determine the conditions for their registration has arisen as a consequence of increasingly rapid technological development. The changes in the market and the changes in behaviour of economic entities have resulted in the use of signs for marking goods that differ significantly from the traditional trademarks. The concept of protection of a three-dimensional shape is relatively new and it is necessary to clearly define the conditions for its protection as a trademark. What causes a problem is the fact that the mark, in this case, represents the product itself, which implies that such signs of this sort lack distinctiveness, and it is not clear what is protected by that mark. The analysis of the afore-mentioned cases from practice, presented by the author, aims to show the differences in opinions of the courts regarding the criteria by which it will be assessed whether the condition of distinctiveness is satisfied in a specific case or not. The main reason for the lack of reliable criteria is the hasty regulation of unconventional signs and the lack of the harmonized, clear rules both at the level of the European Union and at the global level. The author considers it necessary for the World Trade Organization or the World Intellectual Property Organization to offer guidelines within which an adequate protection of unconventional signs will be provided at the national level in order to eliminate the state of legal uncertainty that may arise when applying for protection of three-dimensional signs
Nošenje verskih obeležja na radnom mestu, razumno prilagođavanje i slučaj Eveida
Get PDFU radu se obrađuje pitanje nošenja verskih obeležja na radnom mestu, kroz prizmu razumnog prilagođavanja, instituta koji spaja radno i ustavno pravo, sve kroz prizmu prakse Evropskog suda za ljudska prava. Naime, ovaj institut nastao je u SAD i Kanadi i to isprva, u religijskim pitanjima, kasnije se proširivši na pitanje osoba sa invaliditetom. Međutim, prelazivši Atlantik, religijska pitanja su se negde „zagubila“, pa u Evropi postoji izvestan otklon u ovoj materiji, sve do pojave predmeta Eveida i drugi protiv Ujedinjenog Kraljevstva. Stoga, autori, koncentrišući se na praksu Evropskog suda za ljudska prava pokušavaju da pruže odgovor na nekoliko povezanih pitanja. Prvo, kakva je praksa Evropskog suda za ljudska prava u ovoj oblasti? Drugo, kakva su stanovišta Suda? Treće, do kakve je promene došlo u predmetu Eveida? Četvrto, da li je predmet Eveida „vesnik“ kakvih novih vetrova kada je reč o razumnom prilagođavanju? U slučaju negativnog odgovora na prethodno pitanje, autori pokušavaju da pruže i odgovor na pitanje, zbog čega u materiji religije, pa i u okviru razumnog prilagođavanja, Evropski sud za ljudska prava ima izvestan rezervisan stav? Takođe, u meri u kojoj je to i moguće, autori pokušavaju da pruže i određene prediktivne stavove
Differences of Property Transfer Systems in Europe - the challenge of substantive unification of contract law in the 21st century
Get PDFAlthough there is a tendency towards substantive unification of contract law, the
conflict-of-law approach still proves to be necessary. Tendencies in Europe in the late 20th
and early 21st century show a continuance of the commitment to build a unique European
legal area, which includes a substantive unification of contract law. A significant obstacle,
or rather a challenge is in the existence of differences between national legal systems in
terms of property right transfer methods. This situation is a logical consequence of national
legal traditions and of the development of rules regarding this issue in Europe, where there
are still two different basic systems of passing of property: the French system, by which the
final preferred purpose and effects of a legal transaction are achieved by the conclusion
of the contract itself and, on the other hand, the German system, which implies that by
concluding the contract, the contracting parties accept the obligation to transfer ownership
rights in the next step. The authors have conducted research on whether these two systems
are irreconcilable. The paper further analyses whether it is possible and necessary to reach
a unique solution by which this question would be universally regulated in the European
legal area. Upon finding reasons for the fact that leading countries are still not prepared
to relinquish their legal traditions on this issue, the authors examine the practical legal
importance and consequences of the described differences. Going a step further, the paper
concludes that the described differences are concerning legal theory and history, and that
the practical legal importance of the issue is not of fundamental significance. The legal
analysis shows that the central question is not always about the moment of the transfer of
rights. The crucial issue is the moment of risk transfer, which usually is the issue of higher
legal importance and of practical legal consequences. This is further accentuated by the fact
that the moments of property transfer and risk transfer do not necessarily coincide. In this
way, the practical legal importance of the primary differences is relativized and reduced
Challenges Brought on by Artificial Intelligence
Get PDFThe wide-spread use of artificial intelligence places in front of us numerous challenges, from those
regarding individuals or pose a threat to human rights or cause algorithmic discrimination, to those
that interfere with the obligations and legal security of producers of artificial intelligence systems,
and even those that compromise the digital sovereignty of countries. A response to these challenges is
the creation of mechanisms at a national and international level that would provide for the safe and
controlled use of artificial intelligence systems. The proposal of the EU Artificial Intelligence Act, from
April 2021, is a good example of how high-risk artificial intelligence systems can be controlled and
safely managed
Ustavni identitet i identitet Crkve. Dužnost ustavne države da prizna Crkvu kao uslov poretka slobode i vladavine prava
No full textU ovom radu gutor analizira odnos između ustavnog identiteta države i identiteta Crkava i verskih zajednica. Zaklјučak je da iz ustavnog identiteta kao nepovredivog jezgra sadržice ustava sledi obaveza države da prizna pravni identitet Crkve koji proističe iz njenog verskog identiteta i autonomije koja počiva na slobodi veroispovesti. U radu se posebno razmatra doprinos prof. Šijakovića razumevanju odnosa između države i Crkve
Naknada štete kao posledica povrede ugovora o arbitraži
Get PDFPokretanjem postupka o rešavanju spora pred nacionalnim sudom za koji postoji punovažan arbitražni ugovor, može nastati za jednu od ugovornih strana šteta. Prilikom odlučivanja o postojanju i obimu štete postavljaju se pitanja nadležnosti suda i arbitražnog tribunala, njihov međusobni odnos, merodavno pravo po kome će se šteta tumačiti kao i obim zahtevane naknade. U tom smislu, rad je podeljen na tri dela. U prvom delu ćemo se baviti ugovorom o arbitraži čijom povredom dolazi do štete, drugi deo rada je posvećen međusobnom odnosu nadležnosti arbitražnog i sudskog tribunala dok je treći deo posvećen merodavnom pravu kod odlučivanja o nastaloj šteti i njenoj naknadi
Pravo na rad u Ustavu Republike Srbije
Get PDFPravo na rad predstavlja jedno od osnovnih ekonomskih prava, garantovanih nizom međunarodnih instrumenata i njegova sadržina obično se određuje kao pravo svako pojedinca da zarađuje za život na osnovu slobodno izabranog ili prihvaćenog zaposlenja. Sa globalnom afirmacijom ekonomskih i socijalnih prava u drugoj polo-vini XX veka, pravo na rad postaje centralna tačka ostvarivanja niza prava radnika i kao takvo nalazi svoje mesto u pravnim sistemima država. Sadržina ovog prava je međutim izuzetno kompleksna i razrada ustavne norme u nacionalnom pravu može se dosta razlikovati u zavisnosti od stanja ekonomije, prevladajućih politika, globalnog pozicioniranja države na tržištu rada i kapitala. Istraživanje je usmereno na analizu sadržine i elemenata prava na rad u pravnom sistemu Republike Srbije, konkretno u Ustavu Republike Srbije i razradi Ustavnih normi u Zakonu o radu kao krovnom, si-stemskom zakonu u oblasti radnog prava. Polazi se pri tome od osnovne pretpostavke da pravo na rad postoji i da je uređeno na nivou ljudskog prava, kao i da se dalje ra-ščlanjuje na niz prava od kojih neka jesu ustavnog ranga, dok su druga regulisana na nivou zakona. Analiza pokušava da utvrdi koje su granice zadiranja u te komponente prava na rad, odnosno da li Ustavom garantovano pravo na rad može biti tumačeno potpuno slobodno od strane zakonodavca, ili je svakako vezan određenim standardima koji se ne mogu menjati
ПОЈЕДИНА СТАТУСНА И РАДНОПРАВНА ПИТАЊА ЕЛЕКТРОНСКОГ СПОРТА У РЕПУБЛИЦИ СРБИЈИ
Get PDFРазвој спортског права је суштински изменио угао гледања на
однос између спорта и права који је дуго времена преовлађивао и испољавао
се кроз концепт негирања постојања потребе за стварањем посебних спортских
норми. Критичким приступом и теоријским разматрањем, спортско право се
временом издвојило у посебну грану права која настоји објаснити суштину
спортске специфичности, доказујући да идентитет спортских норми настаје
управо из потребе за ширим сагледавањем односа који настају у спорту. Као
изразито друштвена појава, дигитализација почиње да врши снажан утицај и
на традиционалне спортске концепте и принципе на којима се заснива, ствара-
јући нове облике постојања и упражњавања спорта и доводи до настанка е-
спорта.Због све значајније улоге е-спорта у друштву, рад ће бити усмерен на
правну анализу позиције е-спорта у систему спорта Републике Србије. Такође,
аутори ће обрадити и питање могућности примене или потребе за изменом
традиционалних принципа у области спорта на е-спорт, што подразумева на
појединим местима и указивање на потребу усклађивања појединих правних
института у вези са е-спортом. Истраживање ће обухватити и осврт на радно-
правне аспекте електронског спорта, попут могућности закључивања уговора
са лицима млађима од 15 година, могућности закључивања уговора са спорти-
стима, итд. За одговор на постављења питања, анализу ћемо започети од од-
ређења појма спорта и е-спорта у Републици Србији
PRAVO NA SLOBODU VEROISPOVESTI I POLOŽAJ CRKVI I VERSKIH ZAJEDNICA U REPUBLICI SRBIJI
Get PDFU ovom radu autor prikazuje pravo na slobodu veroispovesti, posebno kako je to
normativno rešeno u Srbiji. Dalje se opisuje položaj crkve i verskih zajednica u zakonu, što podrazumeva podelu na tradicionalne crkve i ostale konfesionalne zajednice,
registraciju crkve i verskih zajednica, njenu imovinsku i finansijsku situaciju i njenu
delatnost. Na kraju rada date su kritike koje su upućene na sam proces izrade zakona
kao i na doneseni zakon
Is love equal before the law? Same-sex relationships in the Serbian legal framework
Get PDFThe purpose of this policy paper is to advocate for the improvement of the position of the LGBTIQ1
community in Serbia through the legal recognition of same-sex relationships, by approaching decisionmakers,
precisely, the Serbian government, the newly established Ministry of Human and Minority
Rights and Social Dialogue (MHMRSD) and other relevant stakeholders, as well as the Delegation
of the European Union to the Republic of Serbia. Only in collaboration with the relevant authorities,
the Republic of Serbia (RS) will fully follow its international human rights obligations and ensure
legal status to same-sex couples. The comparative legal analysis shows the existence of
varieties of legal models which provide the legal recognition of same-sex relationships, depending on the socio-cultural background of each country introducing such laws. We decided to focus, first,
on the international legal framework which is the source of the clear obligation of the RS to introduce
this law, through the analysis of the judgement Oliari and Others v Italy, where the European Court of
Human Rights (ECtHR) has established the legal precedent regarding the necessity of the recognition
of same-sex relationships within the Council of Europe (CoE) member states; and, second, on the
comparative analysis of Croatia and Montenegro, which passed laws regarding the legal recognition
of same-sex couples. The emphasis on these two countries is significant because both share the
similar legal tradition, culture, religion, language, and patriarchal characteristics of societies with
Serbia, and both did such legal changes successfully, while Serbia is still struggling to do so. The policy paper also provides a detailed list of recommendations for Serbian authorities. The
successful implementation of recommendations would improve the protection of the LGBTIQ
community and tackle discrimination based on sexual orientation, which is still very persistent in
the country. We separated recommendations into the three groups, based on the three branches of
power (the executive, legislative and judiciary), which will have the authority to participate in the
process of drafting, passing or implementing the law on same-sex relationships. CSOs in Serbia are
recognized as a very important partner in these processes which will work with each of the abovementioned
stakeholders. The accent is on the Ministry of Human and Minority Rights and Social
Dialogue which should propose a draft of the law, as well as other relevant ministries which should
propose changes of other relevant laws, thus ensuring the full implementation of the law on the
legal recognition of same-sex relationships. The National Assembly has been recognized as very
important for the process of debating and holding public hearings through its relevant committees,
as well as the judiciary, which will be responsible for resolving different types of disputes in civil or
criminal cases potentially related to same-sex relationship