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Đorđe Tasić i pojam subjektivnog (javnog) prava – između Leona Digija i Hansa Kelzena
No full textJedno od mnogih pitanja kojima je Đorđe Tasić u svom opusu posvetio
znatno prostora jeste i pitanje subjektivnog javnog prava. U ovom radu autor
nastoji da prikaže Tasićevo poimanje subjektivnog prava, uklјučujući i mesto
koje taj pojam zauzima u okvirima Tasićeve, ali i opšte pravnoteorijske misli
njegovog vremena. U prvom delu rada razmatra se kako pojam subjektivnog prava
stoji spram metodologije, stila i temelјnih postavki Tasićeve pravne misli. U
domaćoj teoriji primećeno je da je Tasić izvršio sintezu i ukazao na postojanje
sličnosti dveju oprečnih teorija – Digijevog solidarizma i Kelzenovog normativizma. Tasić primećuje da i Digi iz solidarizma prelazi u normativizam,
koji je kod Kelzena polazna i krajnja tačka. Upravo iz shvatanja norme kao dužnosti, obojica kategorički odbacuju postojanje subjektivnog prava. U radu su
stoga prikazani stavovi dvojice autora, a potom i Tasićeva kritika ocene
o nepostojanju subjektivnog prava. Tasić priznaje njegovo postojanje, ali ne koketira sa preovlađujućim prirodnopravnim teorijama volјe i interesa, već sa
empirijskih pozicija kritikuje i Digija i Kelzena, pozivajući ih da se po ovom
pitanju vrate „pravoj formuli pozitivizma“! Naposletku, u radu se razmatra
i jedno pozitivnopravno pitanje. Ono se tiče razgraničenja nadležnosti up-
ravnog i redovnog sudstva u savremenom italijanskom pravu, za čiji se kriterijum upravo uzima da li je u konkretnom slučaju reč o subjektivnom pravu ili
na zakonu zasnovanom interesu. Praktično rešenje u italijanskom pravu pred
nas stavlјa izazov povlačenja granice između subjektivnog javnog prava i zakonitog interesa danas, a ovo pitanje je, rečima samog Tasića, „centralno pitanje
koje administrativno pravo postavlјa“
Direktiva EU o pravu na popravku iz juna 2024. godine: zašto nam je potrebna pravna zaštita ovog prava imperativnim pravnim normama
Get PDFPredmet ovog rada je analiza određenih trgovački praksi koje su se razvile u uslovima globalnog tržišta i hiperprodukcije roba, a koje su bitno uticale na uviđanje opravdanosti potrebe da se imperativnim pravnim normama zaštiti pravo potrošača na popravku proizvoda. Ovo pravo se nijednim pravnim dokumentom ne dovodi u pitanje, ali ga faktički osporavaju trgovci koji primenjuju određene trgovačke prakse sa ciljem da ubede potrošače da investiraju u kupovinu nove stvari umesto u popravku neispravne. Interes trgovaca da tako postupaju je ostvarenje veće zarade, ali to nije i interes potrošača zato što oni, kupujući nove proizvode, troše više nego što je neophodno i time smanjuju svoj budžet za zadovoljenje nekih drugih potreba. Pored toga, zbog nabavke novog proizvoda se prevremeno bacaju stvari koje nisu popravljene, a taj otpad ugrožava životnu sredinu. U radu se ukazuje na uobičajene trgovačke prakse koje dovode do ovih i drugih društveno nepoželjnih posledica. Zaključuje se da je Direktiva EU o pravu na popravku, koja je usvojena u junu 2024. godine, objektivno bila neophodna mera koja može osigurati bolju zaštitu potrošača. Njena uspešna primena može doprineti i boljoj zaštiti životne sredine, kao i zaštiti prava konkurencije koje se tim praksama, takođe, narušava
Collective property through the lens of the case-law of the European court of human rights
No full textThis paper aims to explore to what extent “property”, as an ECtHR
autonomous concept, includes the collective dimensions of property rights, as well as
to systematize different collective dimensions of the right to property as addressed in
the ECtHR case law. The underlying hypothesis of the paper, which was confirmed
by research, is that the ECtHR failed to sufficiently elaborate on the collective dimensions
of the right to property due to the causes that are not linked to cultural
relativist arguments but to the ECtHR general approach of giving deference in examining
domestic law pertaining to all the aspects of the right of property under
Article 1 of Protocol No. 1 to the ECHR.
Firstly, the key standards for protecting the right to property as developed
through the ECtHR caselaw will be briefly presented. After that, selected ECtHR
case-law on the collective dimension of the propriety rights of indigenous peoples
and the caselaw on the restitution afforded in cases of denationalization will be
examined to assess whether they diverge from the general protection of the right to
property afforded by the ECtHR. The normative-legal method to analyze the case
law of the ECtHR in terms of the protection it afforded to collective dimensions of
the property right will be predominantly utilized
Insurance market response to challenges imposed by artificial intelligence
No full textThe author analyzes the challenges that the use of artificial intelligence
poses to legal professionals and legal science concerning
the regulation of new modern technologies and indemnification of
damage arising from their usage. As the majority of the lay public
believes that introducing mandatory liability insurance will
resolve all emerging challenges related to the use of artificial intelligence,
the central part of the paper is dedicated to researching
realistic and legally grounded possibilities of the insurance market
in this regard. The fundamental dilemma faced by insurance
companies is whether their existing insurance policies are sufficient
to provide protection against damages caused by the use of
artificial intelligence or whether it is necessary to develop and
offer new specialized policies. In this context, the paper also analyzes
the newly adopted EU Artificial Intelligence Act and the proposed
Directive on Liability for Artificial Intelligence, as they contain
clear indications of the requirements that will be imposed on
the insurance market
Equivalence in the insurance sector under Solvency II – some remarks -
No full textThe author analyses the application of institute of equivalence in
the insurance sector. First, the concept of equivalence in general
and its ramifications are discussed. Following that, the focus is
changed to the insurance industry, with an emphasis on the Solvency
II regime, presenting areas where this mechanism applies
and the involvement of relevant supranational bodies. Furthermore,
part of the paper focuses on the impact of Brexit on the
financial services and insurance industries. Finally, the conclusions
summarize the research findings
The principle of autonomy of the will and the marriage contract
No full textAutonomy of the will is a key principle in the contractual arrangement of property relations between spouses. One of the most complex, but also the most important questions that arise with regard to the conclusion of a marriage contract and in connection with the autonomy of the will of the contracting parties is the problem of the ”dilemma of choice." The "dilemma of choice" consists of a conflict between promoting, on the one hand, women's autonomy and freedom of choice and, on the other hand, protecting women from harmful consequences that would result from the use of autonomy of will in conditions of inequality, i.e., power imbalance.
Competent authorities usually assume that the autonomy of the will exists, and it appears as a presumption. This attitude is particularly harmful in terms of the marriage contract because it can result in economic consequences not only for the ”weaker“ contracting party, but also for the children and society as a whole. For this reason, it is necessary to review the principle of autonomy of will and adapt it to the peculiarities of the personal relationship of the con-tracting parties.
In this paper, we will examine the application of the principle of autonomy of will to the spouses in a marriage contract, posing a potentially bold yet feasible question and attempting to provide an answer. Namely, is it possible to talk about the autonomy of the will with regard to the spouses who conclude the marriage contract, i.e., one of its manifestos, freedom of contract in the true sense of the word, and can the question of the existence of autonomy of will in this case be viewed in the same way as in regard to the conclusion of legal transactions between persons who are not bound by any previous relationship, or does the validity of a marriage contract need to introduce a new criterion that would enable a fairer outcome
Collective farming community (zadruga) in Serbian Civil Code of 1844 and the Roman law
No full textThe subject of this paper are the norms regarding zadruga, the traditional
rural cooperative-farming family-based community, in the Serbian Civil
Code of 1844, in the light of the roman law. The authors are making an analysis
of the rules of the Serbian Civil Code regarding zadruga with intention of showing
possible influence of the roman law on the way in which the traditional Serbian
institution has been regulated in the Civil Code. The authors also paid special attention
to the the influence that the institute of zadruga had in the later Serbian legal
theory and praxis
Juvenile perpetrators and their (in)ability to be aware of their own responsibility
No full textPurpose
Recently, there has been talk at the national level about lowering the limits of criminal responsibility for juvenile offenders. In this way, it tries to increase the responsibility of minors and has a preventive effect on the awareness of minors. Although the possibility of lowering the age of criminal liability at the national level was considered, it seems that such a procedure would be met with numerous criticisms at the international level. The goal of our research was to consider the possibility of changing the criminal legislation in terms of lowering the age limit of criminal responsibility in relation to international standards and giving recommendations for the further development of standards in the area of juvenile delinquency prevention.
Design/Methods/Approach
In this paper, we start from the assumption that it will not be possible without changing the approach at the international level, although we don’t reject the position that the age of criminal responsibility of minors should be lower, but not below 12 years of age when it comes to some particularly serious crimes such as which is e.g. murder or grievous bodily harm. In the first part of the paper, we first point out the solutions prescribed by the national legislation of the Republic of Serbia, with reference to the views of the relevant authors regarding the criminal (ir)responsibility of children. The second part contains a brief review of the treatment of juvenile offenders in different historical periods, as well as an analysis of international standards regarding the lower age of criminal responsibility. In the third part of the paper, solutions from comparative legislation are presented with reference to the recommendations of the UN Committee of the Rights of the Child, as well as the Manual for the Implementation of the United Nations Convention of the Rights of the Child, in which its provisions and the views of the said Committee are further explained. That is why three methods were used during the analysis: dogmatic-legal, comparative law and content analysis.
Findings
Based on the conducted comparative legal analysis, the conclusion is reached that there is a tendency to raise the lower limit of criminal liability. Any lowering of the limits of criminal responsibility at the national level, even for serious crimes, could be considered a violation of the provisions of the Convention on the Rights of the Child. We believe that this could have a negative impact on the process of European integration, given that the European Commission’s special focus is on the rule of law.
Originality/Value
Instead of lowering the limit of criminal responsibility, a number of preventive measures should be applied at the national level towards minors. Such an approach would require increased attention and continuous monitoring of children’s antisocial behavior both at the level of the family and at the level of the educational institution, and of course, in accordance with the needs, to intervene with adequate measures
Istanbulska konvencija Saveta Evrope i Srbija – pravni aspekti primene konvencije u Srbiji na polju suzbijanja rodno zasnovanog i seksualnog nasilja prema ženama
No full textKonvencija Saveta Evrope o sprečavanju i borbi protiv nasilja nad ženama i nasilja u porodici (Istanbulska konvencija, 2014) prvi je pravno obavezujući instrument u Evropi u ovoj oblasti i najdalekosežniji međunarodni instrument za borbu protiv ovog ozbiljnog kršenja ljudskih prava. Konvencija ima za cilj nultu toleranciju prema nasilju nad ženama i nasilju u porodici i predstavlja veliki korak napred u pravnom smislu. Prihvatanjem Istanbulske konvencije, vlade zemalja potpisnica se obavezuju da reformišu svoje zakone, da uvedu konkretne mere i da izdvoje sredstva za efikasnu prevenciju i borbu protiv nasilja nad ženama i nasilja u porodici. Globalni značaj Konvencije sadržan je u sveobuhvatnom pristupu borbi protiv nasilja nad ženama i nasilja u porodici i u činjenici da je otvorena za pristup i zemljama koje nisu članice Saveta Evrope. U cilju praćenja efikasnosti implementacije Konvencije, osnovano je nezavisno stručno telo GREVIO.
Srbija je ratifikovala Istanbulsku konvenciju 2013. godine. Postavlja se pitanje u kojoj meri su odredbe Istanbulske konvencije primenjene u Srbiji, posebno kada je reč o prevenciji i borbi protiv seksualnog i rodno zasnovanog nasilja nad ženama. Izveštaj GREVIO sa preporukama za Srbiju objavljen je januara 2020. Standardi i principi utvrđeni Istanbulskom konvencijom o sprečavanju i borbi protiv nasilja nad ženama i nasilja u porodici imaju emancipatorski karakter i pozitivan transformativni potencijal za modernizaciju relevantnog pravnog okvira, mera javne politike i administrativne prakse u Srbiji. Zaključna razmatranja su usmerena na isticanje značaja sprovođenja neophodne zakonske reforme u Srbiji, kao polazne tačke i katalizatora za otklanjanje negativnih rodnih stereotipa prema ženama
Obrazovna dimenzija sudske samouprave u funkciji ostvarivanja načela nezavisnosti sudske vlasti: slučaj Srbije u procesu evropskih integracija
No full textVladavina prava okosnica je demokratskog društva i procesa pristupanja Evropskoj uniji. Nezavisno sudstvo je važan element vladavine prava, a stručnost i ostvarivanje koncepta sudske samouprave jedan od njegovih činilaca. Jedna od dimenzija sudske samouprave je i obrazovna dimenzija. U radu se primenom normativno-dogmatskog, egezetičkog i empirijsko-pravnog metoda ispituje u kojoj meri su zahtevi za ispunjavanje prelaznih merila iz Poglavlja 23 postavljeni u skladu sa izbalansiranim pristupom načelu sudske samouprave, kao i način na koji je ona sprovedena u praksi prilikom izrade višegodišnjeg radnog plana Pravosudne akademije. Zaključuje se da je proces izrade ovog plana adekvatna platforma kojom se uvažava navedeni koncept, a da sam program može doprineti unapređenju stručnosti i, posledično, nezavisnosti sudstva