JURNAL ILMU KEFARMASIAN INDONESIA
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The effectiveness of butterfly pea hydrogel film (Clitoria Ternatea) with chitosan and poly-vinyl-alcohol based as diabetic wound healing
Full text linkButterfly pea possesses antioxidant activities with IC50 470 μg/ml of wound healing acceleration quality. Hydrogel for diabetic wound healing due to its physical characteristic that binds water, aside from its qualities that wets the surface and bio-compatibility in the body. This study aimed to identify effectivity test of hydrogel film preparation with butterfly pea (clitoria ternatea l.) Water extract for diabetic wound healing, employing true experimental method which involves 12 rats divided into 4 groups. The control group was treated without the Hydrogel (HET) or HET0 on hyperglycemic rats, HET1 (2%), HET2 (5%), and HET3 (7.5%). The findings revealed wounds treated with HET0 was healed in 9 days with 11.13 mm of diameter (100%), HET1 was healed in 6 days with 15.22 mm of diameter (100%), HET2 that was healed in 4 days with 11.29 mm of diameter (100%), and HET3 that was healed in 8 days with 9.05 mm of diameter (100%). It was concluded that the effectivity test revealed that the best formula is HET2 (5%) healed in 4 days with 11.29 mm of diameter in 100%
The association between knowledge and implementation of good compounding practice among pharmacy practitioners at community pharmacies in Central Jakarta
Full text linkDrug compounding in community pharmacy is an important process in providing drugs according to patient needs. Poor compounding practices can pose serious health and safety risks. To improve the quality of compounds used in medicinal preparations, Pharmacists need to increase their knowledge and Good Compounding Practice (GCP). This study aimed to analyze the application knowledge of pharmacists regarding GCP of non-sterile preparations in Central Jakarta Regional Pharmacies. This type of research is observational research using cross-sectional descriptive methods. Data collection was carried out using a questionnaire distributed to 82 pharmacy practitioners working in the pharmacy community and using a structured questionnaire to evaluate the level of knowledge and implementation of GCP. The data analysis technique used is chi-square. Most of the Pharmacy Practitioners had good knowledge scores (71.95%). Meanwhile, the level of implementation of GCP has a good implementation value (82.92%). Good knowledge and implementation of Good Compounding Practice is very important to maintain the integrity and safety of drugs produced in compounding practices. This must be implemented in the training and education of pharmaceutical practitioners to help maintain the quality of safe and effective drug compounding practices
Antioxidant and anti-elastase activity of Tampui (Baccaurea macrocarpa) and Ketapong (Terminalia badamia) barks and leaves
Full text linkElastase is a protease that is involved in the breakdown of elastin in the dermis. Likewise, free radicals can cause elastin damage. Inhibition of elastase enzyme activity and scavenging of free radicals can prevent premature aging of the skin, especially wrinkles. The current study was to investigate the antioxidant and elastase inhibition properties of the leaves and bark of the Tampui (Baccaurea macrocarpa L.) and Ketapong (Terminalia badamia L.) plants, which may be employed as an anti-aging ingredient in cosmetics and nutraceuticals. B. macrocarpa and T. badamia's leaves and bark were extracted using reflux and 96% ethanol. Anti-elastase was examined using N-succ-(Ala)3-nitroanilide as a substrate, and the DPPH reagent was used to test the antioxidants' activity. Phytochemical screening indicated the presence of flavonoids, quinone, tannins, and steroids. Antioxidant activity of B. macrocarpa leaves (BML), B. macrocarpa bark (BMB), T. badamia leaves (TBL), and T. badamia bark (TBB) had IC50 values were 15.09±0.51; 22.89±1.51; 36.43±1.94; 39.23±1.76 ppm, respectively. The anti-elastase activity of BML, BMB, TBL, and TBB had IC50 values were 48.86±2.29; 52.03±9.54; 44.42±4.53; 40.16±1.32 ppm, respectively. The ethanol extract of B. macrocarpa and T. badamia's leaves and bark exhibits anti-elastase and antioxidant action, proposing that it may be used as an anti-aging agent
Post-Market in vitro bioequivalence study of innovator and generic Gefitinib tablets: evaluation of JKN medicine quality
Full text linkGefitinib is one of Tyrosine Kinase Inhibitors (TKIs), as first line therapy for Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer (NSCLC) with positive EGFR mutation. Gefitinib started to be accommodated in Jaminan Kesehatan Nasional (JKN) insurance in 2015 with the innovator gefitinib and was replaced by a generic product in middle of 2021. This research was conducted to see whether the quality of generic gefitinib equivalent to the innovator through post-market in vitro bioequivalence test. Assay method refers to previous research by Sandhya et al 2013 wih High Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC), while the dissolution test method is in accordance with the Food and Drug Association (FDA) 2010. We collected innovator from the official distributor and 3 batches (all batches that have been used in JKN program) of generic product from hospitals where lung cancer therapy services were provided. We evaluated the dissolution profile with similarity and unsimilarity factors and assess based on standard specification of dissolution profile that informed in innovator’s BPOM-approved brochure (avarage of 6 samples > 85% and no individual result < 75% at 45 minutes). The assay results met the requirements of ± 5% of what is stated on the label. Although dissolution profile of generic and innovator were not equal through difference and similarity factors calculation, but one batch of generics met dissolution profile standard of innovator. So, both generic and innovator drug met the standards of assay and dissolution, even though the dissolution profile were not equivalent
Toxicity of Sida rhombifolia L. 96% ethanol extract based on LD50 and macropathological examination of mice's organs
Full text linkThe Indonesian people empirically use Sidaguri (Sida rhombifolia L.) in medicine, such as anti-hyperuricemia. Herbal-based treatment is currently much preferred. Drug metabolism, in general, mainly occurs in the liver, so the possibility of damage to this organ is high. This study aims to determine the acute toxicity category of 96% ethanol extract of sidaguri based on the LD50 value, changes in body weight, changes in organ weight, and macro pathology in the organs of male DDY mice in vivo. The method used in this research was experimental with a fixed dose design following the Indonesian Food and Drug Authority regulations regarding guidelines for in vivo non-clinical toxicity tests. The test group was divided into six dose groups (standard, 50, 300, 2000, 5000, and 15000 mg/kg Body of weight). Observations were made for 24 hours. Observations were continued for 14 days on death parameters, toxicity symptoms, body weight, and relative organ weights using five main organs (heart, lungs, liver, spleen, and kidneys, and pathological examination). The acute toxicity test results showed no death in all dose treatment groups. Macropathological analysis did not show abnormalities in organs in all groups of mice. LD50 value is more than 15000 mg/kg. Sidaguri 96% ethanol extract is safe and Practically non-toxic
Powder drink of Permesia americana Mill. Seed with adding Zingiber officinale Rosc. Var Rubrum and Stevia rebaudiana L. to enhance Cardiovascular health
Full text linkIn today’s modern era many people consume unhealthy foods, which can lead to decreased immunity. One way to increase immunity is by consuming functional drinks from Avocado seeds and red ginger, which is contain flavonoid compounds. This study aims to determine antioxidant activity in functional drinks of avocado seeds by adding red ginger and stevia. The method used in this research is a quantitative analysis using the UV-Vis Spectrophotometer instrument at a wavelength of 418 nm for F1, F2 and F3 were brown, had a characteristic smell of spices, and had a distinctive taste. The pH test results were 6.243 ± 0.025, 6.167 ± 0.045, and 6.089 ± 0.005 respectively. The raw material and functional drinks positively contain flavonoids. Flavonoid content in F1, F2, and F3 were 12.214 ± 0.009428%, 12.419 ± 0.009428%, and 12.624 ± 0.009428% respectively. Antioxidant test results for functional drinks showed an IC50 value of F1 and F2 were 118.30 ± 1.57 ppm and 105.88 ± 1.11 ppm, which is categorized as moderate levels of antioxidants, and F3 was 88.09 ± 1.62 ppm, which is categorized as strong levels of antioxidants. 
Antihyperlipidemic activity of Marchantia paleacea herb and Zingiber officinale var. Rubrum rhizome ethanol extracts in Triton X-100-induced mice
Full text linkNon-communicable diseases cause 71% of deaths in the world, one of which is caused by dyslipidemia. Dyslipidemia has been established as a cause of various non-communicable diseases such as obesity and heart disease. This study aims to determine the antihyperlipidemic activity of the ethanol extract of the liverworts of Marchantia paleacea (EEMP) and the rhizome of Zingiber officinale var. rubrum (EEZOR) on male mice induced by Triton X-100. Grouping the number of test animals per group based on the Federer formula. Triton X-100 is used as an inducer of hyperlipidemic given intraperitoneally at a dose of 140 mg/kg body weight. Total cholesterol levels were measured by the colorimetric enzymatic method (CHOD-PAP) using a UV-Vis clinic photometer. Results from ethanol extract of the herb liverwort Marchantia paleacea (EEMP) and red ginger rhizomes Zingiber officinale var. Rubrum (EEZOR) can respectively reduce total hypercholesterol levels in male mice induced by Triton X-100 whose data were analyzed using the One-Way Anova test. The results of optimal dose of EEMP 200 mg/kg bw had the highest percentage of antihyperlipidemic activity and effectiveness (%) and also had a significant reduction in total cholesterol levels compared to the negative control group (p<0.05). While the results for the optimal dose of EEZOR 1000 mg/kg bw with the highest percentage of activity and effectiveness (%) and having a significant decrease compared to the negative control group (p <0.05). In conclusion, these findings suggest that both extracts have potential as natural antihyperlipidemic agents that can be further explored in the management of hyperlipidemic (dyslipidemic) and related non-communicable diseases
Penentuan Kadar Flavonoid dan Aktivitas Anti-Inflamasi Ekstrak Dan Fraksi Daun Sungkai (Peronema canescens Jack)
Full text linkThe SARS-CoV-2 virus is the infectious agent that causes COVID-19, a feverish condition brought on by inflammation in the infected patient’s body. Sungkai leaf (Peronema canescens Jack) is one of the Indonesian people who rely on herbal remedies to treat COVID-19. This study aims to determine how much flavonoids are present in ethanol, ethyl acetate, and n-hexane extracts, as well as the anti-inflammatory properties of ethanol extract, ethanol fraction, and n-hexane fraction of Sungkai leaves. The procedure was performed in-vitro with a UV-Visible spectrophotometer by observing the absorption response to inhibition of denaturation of inflammatory protein. The inhibition value was then computed via linear regression, and the IC50 and IC70 values were ascertained afterward. The ethanol fraction, ethanol extract, and n-hexane fraction in this investigation had the best inhibition values (%) at a concentration of 15 ppm, corresponding to 74.27%, 54.48%, and 18.52%. The sungkai leaves ethanol fraction > n-hexane fraction > ethanol extract had the best IC50 and IC70 values. Comparatively, the ethanol extract contained the largest amounts of flavonoids, 38.782 μg/mL.Virus SARS-CoV-2 menyebabkan penyakit COVID-19, yang menyebabkan demam dan peradangan di tubuh pasien. Daun sungkai (Peronema canescens Jack) adalah salah satu tanaman herbal yang diyakini masyarakat Indonesia dapat mengatasi COVID-19. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui kadar flavonoid pada ekstrak (etanol, etil asetat, dan n-heksan) dan sifat antiinflamasi ekstrak etanol, fraksi etanol, dan fraksi n-heksan daun sungkai. Metode ini dilakukan secara in-vitro dengan menggunakan spektrofotometer UV-Vis untuk melihat respon serapan terhadap penghambatan denaturasi protein penyebab inflamasi. Selanjutnya, nilai inhibisi (%) terbaik ditemukan pada konsentrasi 15 ppm, yaitu fraksi etanol, ekstrak etanol, dan fraksi n-heksan, masing-masing sebesar 74,27% dan 54,4 persen. Ekstrak etanol daun sungkai memiliki kadar flavonoid tertinggi sebesar 38.782 g/mL
Analisis Keberhasilan Pengobatan Pasien TB Paru dan TB HIV di Rumah Sakit Penyakit Infeksi Sulianti Saroso
Full text linkMycobacterium tuberculosis causes Tuberculosis (TB), an infectious disease. The study aims to evaluate DOTS therapy's impact on pulmonary TB and TB-HIV patients. This research used a descriptive qualitative study design with a retrospective descriptive research approach using secondary data for the period June 2017 to July 2020. The analysis uses the Miles and Huberman model. A study of 305 people found that 83% of pulmonary TB cases completed treatment within the initial phase, 64% completed the continuation phase. TB-HIV cases 93% completed treatment within the initial phase, 71% the continuation phase. The combination of OAT and ARV doses was successful in reducing initial smear conversion in pulmonary TB cases. The treatment was evaluated as cure in pulmonary TB cases, complete in pulmonary TB-HIV cases, and had no treatment failure status in both groups. Treatment success in pulmonary TB patients was not significantly related (p-value≥5%) with the type of OAT, type of PMO, gender, and age. Whereas in HIV co-infected pulmonary TB patients, treatment success was significantly related (p-value <5%) with the type of PMO, and not related (p-value≥5%) with the type of OAT, gender, and age.Mycobacterium tuberculosis menyebabkan Tuberkuloisis (TB), suatu penyakit menular yang paling sering menyerang paru. Penelitian bertujuan menganalisa keberhasilan terapi DOTS dilihat dari paramater pasien TB Paru dan TB Paru-HIV. Penelitian menggunakan desain studi kualitatif deskriptif dengan pendekatan penelitian deskriptif retrospektif menggunakan data sekunder periode Juni 2017 – Juli 2020. Analisis menggunakan model Miles and Huberman. Total sampel 305 orang, ditemukan sebanyak 83% kasus TBC paru menyelesaikan pengobatan pada fase awal dan 64% menyelesaikan fase lanjutan. Pada kasus TBC-paru HIV 93% menyelesaikan fase awal, dan 71% menyelesaikan fase lanjutan. Kombinasi dosis OAT dan ARV berhasil menurunkan konversi BTA awal pada kasus TB paru. Pengobatan dinilai sembuh pada kasus TB paru, tuntas pada kasus TB-HIV paru, dan tidak ada status kegagalan pengobatan pada kedua kelompok. Keberhasilan pengobatan pada pasien TB paru tidak berhubungan bermakna (p-value≥5%) dengan jenis OAT, jenis PMO, jenis kelamin, dan usia. Sedangkan pada pasien TB-HIV paru, keberhasilan pengobatan berhubungan bermakna (p-value <5%) dengan jenis PMO, dan tidak berhubungan (p-value≥5%) dengan jenis OAT, jenis kelamin, dan usia. Kombinasi OAT tablet FDC dan tablet lepasan yang diberikan pada kedua kasus sudah tepat dosis disertai pemberian ARV pada TBHIV sudah tepat dosis dengan hasil evaluasi berupa sembuh
Formulasi dan Uji Aktivitas Antioksidan Kombinasi Bunga Rosella Ungu (Hibiscus sabdariffa L.) sebagai Nutrasetikal
No full textA nutraceutical is a functional food containing natural components that have the potential for health, especially from medicinal plants. The purple rosela (Hibiscus sabdariffa L.), one of many therapeutic plants that have been effectively transformed into herbal products, is one such example. High quantities of anthocyanin are found in bioactive substances found in rosela flowers. This study aims to formulate and determine the antioxidant activity of purple rosela flower in combination with red ginger and cinnamon bark. Following the liking test, which includes the organoleptic test, and the calculation of shelf life with the Accelerated Shelf-Life Testing (ASLT) method, the brewed tea formulation was kept to determine the total content of phenolate. Antioxidant activity was measured by the DPPH (1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhidrazyl) method. This study obtained an average result of 0,38±0,05% for the total phenol content of the three formulas. Formula I, II, and III showed antioxidant activity with IC50 values of 21.59 g/mL, 27.13 g/mL, and 20.05 g/mL, respectively. Organoleptic observations that have been observed for 20 days at three different temperatures (4°C, 25°C, and 37°C) in the three formulas indicate no change in color, aroma, or taste, indicating the product remains stable. Based on the score results, the most preferred by panelists was Formula I, with its composition of purple, rose and red ginger.Nutrasetikal adalah jenis pangan fungsional yang mengandung komponen- komponen alamiah potensial yang memiliki manfaat terhadap kesehatan terutama dari tumbuhan yang berkhasiat sebagai obat. Banyak tumbuhan obat yang berhasil diolah menjadi produk herbal salah satunya bunga rosela (Hibiscus sabdariffa L.) ungu. Bunga rosela mengandung senyawa bioaktif dengan kadar antosianin yang tinggi. Berdasarkan banyaknya kandungan antioksidan yang bermanfaat bagi kesehatan maka pada penelitian ini dibuat formulasi nutrasetikal kombinasi bunga rosela (Hibiscus sabdariffa L.) ungu dengan jahe merah dan kulit kayu manis sebagai minuman kesehatan. Seduhan dari formulasi tersebut dilanjutkan uji kadar fenolat total kemudian uji antioksidan dengan metode DPPH (1,1- difenil-2-pikrilhidrazil), lalu uji kesukaan yang meliputi uji organoleptik serta perhitungan umur simpan dengan metode Accelerated Shelf-Life Testing (ASLT). Dari Penelitian ini didapatkan hasil rata-rata kadar fenol total ketiga formula sebesar 0,38±0,05%. Formula I, II, dan III menunjukkan adanya aktivitas antioksidan dengan nilai IC50 berturut-turut sebesar 21,59 ppm, 27,13 ppm, dan 20,05 ppm. Pengamatan organoleptik yang telah diamati selama 20 hari pada tiga suhu yang berbeda (4°C, 25°C, 37°C) pada ketiga formula tidak terdapat perubahan pada warna, aroma, dan rasa menunjukkan produk tetap stabil. Berdasarkan hasil uji skor yang paling disukai panelis adalah Formula I dengan komposisi rosela ungu dan jahe merah