JURNAL ILMU KEFARMASIAN INDONESIA
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Efek Serbuk Eestrak Etanol Kelopak Bunga Rosella (Hibiscus sabdariffa L.) Terhadap Jumlah Sel CD4 Pada Sukarelawan Sehat
No full textRoselle flower (Hibiscus sabdariffa L.) is beneficial as an immunostimulant because of its antioxidant property. Antioxidants in roselle flower are hibiscus anthocyanin, quercetin, L-ascorbic acid and protocatechuic acid. Any potential plants for pytopharmacy should be proven beneficial and safe through preclinical and clinical trial. The purpose of this clinical trial was to determine the effect of ethanol extract of roselle (Hibiscus sabdariffa L.) to lymphocyte and CD4 cell count in healthy volunteer for 30 days.
This study used pre-post treatment design. A total of 21 healthy volunteer were chosen according to inclusion and exclusion criteria and filled informed consent. Healthy volunteer were given 500 mg roselle ethanol extract powder every day for 30 days. Lymphocyte and CD4 cell count was conducted using hematology analyzer and flowcytometer. Results were analyzed using paired t test, if the distribution is not normal than Wilcoxon test will be used on 95% confidence interval.
Results showed that there was no significant effect (p>0,05) of CD4 cell absolute count and there was a significant effect of CD4 percentage (p<0,05). Results on day 45 (14 days after the treatment was interrupted) showed no significant effect (p>0,05) of CD4 cell absolute count and CD4 cell percentage. The effect of CD4 cell percentage on day 31 was in normal range.
This study concluded that 500 mg roselle petal ethanol extract powder (Hibiscus sabdariffa L.) given everyday for 30 days showed some effect on d increasing CD4 cell percentage
Isolasi Senyawa Polifenol Black garlic Dan Uji Toksisitasnya Terhadap Larva Udang (Artemia salina Leach)
Get PDFCancer is one of diseases caused by cell division that is uncontrollable. Cervical cancer is a cancer that suffered by many women. Alternative medicine of cancer disease is use black garlic. Black garlic is the result of processing the garlic with high temperature and humidity without addition of other substances. In that process occur Maillard reaction that cause changes in the color, smell, and taste of the original on the garlic. Such reaction also lead to an increase some bioactive compounds such as S-allyl cysteine (SAC), amino acids, flavonoids, and polyphenols. To determine the toxic properties of black garlic extract, it is necessary to do isolation of polyphenolic compounds and toxicity test against Artemia salina Leach. When calculated by SPSS application, the obtained LC50 values of black garlic extract on the aging prosess time variations of 30 days and 40 days showed concentration of 682.433 and 572.403 ppm
Uji Aktivitas Antibakteri Ekstrak Etanol Daun dan Kulit Batang Sawo (Manilkara zapota (L.) Van Royen)
Get PDFSapodilla (Manilkara zapota (L.) van Royen) is a plant that grows in a tropical climate, fruit all year round and the distribution is in the widespread in Indonesia. The contents of secondary metabolites in the leaves and the bark sapodilla are flavonoids, phenols and saponins are known to inhibit the growth of bacteria. The purpose of this research is to know the antibacterial activity of ethanol extract leaves and bark Sapodilla against Staphylococcus aureus and Propionibacterium acnes bacteria. The study was performed by disc diffusion method with the varyation concentrations of ethanol extract from the leaves and bark with a concentration of 50%, 25%, 12.5%, 6.25% and 3.125% respectively and the positive control is clindamycin and the negative control is DMSO . The diameter of the inhibition zone formed on the ethanol extract test of the leaves sapodilla against Staphylococcus aureus and Propionibacterium acnes at a concentration of 50% was 14.18 ± 0.13 mm and 15.33 ± 0.25 mm, respectively. While the diameter of the inhibition zone formed on the ethanol extract test of the bark against Staphylococcus aureus and Propionibacterium acnes at a concentration of 50% was 14.22±0.15 mm and 18.30±0.23 mm, respectively. The results of the data statistical analysis using oneway ANOVA, it shown a significant difference (p < 0.05) between the variation of the concentration of the extract. The test results shown that the antibacterial activity ethanol extract of the leaves and bark of Sapodilla had activity for inhibit the growth of Staphylococcus aureus and Propionibacterium acnes bacteria.Sawo (Manilkara zapota (L.) van Royen) merupakan tanaman yang hidup di daerah tropis, berbuah sepanjang tahun dan penyebarannya cukup luas di Indonesia. Kandungan metabolit sekunder pada daun dan kulit batang sawo yaitu flavonoid, fenolik dan saponin yang diketahui mampu menghambat pertumbuhan bakteri. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui adanya aktivitas antibakteri dari ekstraketanol daun dan kulit batang sawo terhadap bakteri Staphylococcus aureus dan Propionibacterium acnes. Penelitian ini dilakukan dengan metode difusi cakram dengan variasi konsentrasi ekstrak etanol daun dan kulit batang masing-masing dengan konsentrasi 50%, 25%, 12,5%, 6,25% dan 3,125%, serta kontrol positif klindamisin dan kontrol negatif DMSO. Diameter zona hambat yang terbentuk pada pengujian ekstrak etanol daun sawo terhadap bakteri Staphylococcus aureus dan Propionibacterium acnes dengan konsentrasi 50% masing-masing adalah 14,18±0,13 mm dan 15,33±0,25 mm. Sedangkan diameter zona hambat yang terbentuk pada pengujian ekstrak etanol kulit batang sawo terhadap bakteri Staphylococcus aureus dan Propionibacterium acnes dengan konsentrasi 50% masing-masing adalah 14,22±0,15 mm dan 18,30±0,23 mm. Hasil analisis data menggunakan statistik ANOVA satu arah menunjukkan adanya perbedaan yang signifikan (p<0,05) antara variasi konsentrasi ekstrak. Hasil pengujian aktivitas antibakteri menunjukkan bahwa ekstrak etanol daun dan kulit batang sawo memiliki aktivitas dalam menghambat pertumbuhan bakteri Staphylococcus aureus dan Propionibacterium acnes
Uji Aktivitas Inhibisi Enzim Tirosinase In-vitro Krim Ekstrak Akar Manis (Glycyrrhiza glabra L.)
Get PDFLiquorice root extract (Glycyrrhiza glabra L.) contains glabridin, an isoflavone substance that has the ability to inhibit the oxidation of L-tyrosin and L-DOPA in the formation of melanin, therefore it can be used as skin whitening. The aim of the study was to determine the potential of the best skin whitening cream using positive control of kojic acid. Formulated 1 blank formula, 3 cream formulas using various concentrations of ethanol extract 70% liquorice roots of (0.01, 0.11, 1.01)% based on the value of tyrosinase inhibition activity in vitro from extracts of (50, 75, 100)%. Spectrophotometric method is used to measure the absorption of dopacrome by a microplate reader which was incubated at 37°C at λ 490 nm for 20 minutes. Oil in water cream was prepared by mixing extract with cream base at a temperature of 70-75°C at a speed of 400 rpm for 25 minutes. Stability test was carried out for 4 weeks at room temperature storage and a temperature of 40°C, evaluated for physical quality. The results of determination of IC50 of kojic acid was 20.88 µg / mL; IC50 of extract variation were (126.75; 1130.90; and 10092.41) µg / mL respectively. Cream has milky white-yellowish color; smell of flowers; soft texture; homogeneous; there is no separation; has type M/A; plastic thixotropic flow properties; has an increasing value including viscosity, spreadability, globule size, and pH, which are respectively (455000-620000)cPs, (2695.82-3545.83)mm2, (54.66-66.27)μm , and (4.44-5.04); tyrosinase inhibition activity in formula 1, 2 and 3 were stored at weeks 0, 2nd and 4th were respectively (1.78; -25.74; 22.04)%, (6.74; 6, 12; 4.49)%, and (-28.78; 53.06; 20.32)%. It can be concluded that the cream formula containing liquorice root extract with a concentration of 1.01% is the best formula so it can be used as skin whitening.Ekstrak akar manis (Glycyrrhiza glabra L.) mengandung senyawa isoflavon glabridin yang dapat menghambat oksidasi l-tirosin dan L-DOPA dalam pembentukan melanin sehingga berkhasiat sebagai pemutih kulit. Tujuan penelitian menentukan potensi terbaik krim pemutih kulit menggunakan kontrol positif asam kojat. Diformulasi 1 formula blangko, 3 formula krim menggunakan variasi konsentrasi ekstrak etanol 70% akar manis (0,01, 0,11, 1,01)% berdasarkan konsentrasi inhibisi tirosinase in vitro ekstrak (IC50, 75, 100)%. Digunakan metode secara spektrofotometri dengan mengukur serapan dopakrom menggunakan microplate reader diinkubasi suhu 37°C, λ 490 nm, 20 menit. Krim M/A dibuat dengan mencampurkan ekstrak bersama basis bersuhu 70-75°C, 400 rpm, 25 menit. Uji stabilitas dilakukan 4 minggu pada penyimpanan suhu kamar dan 40°C, dievaluasi mutu fisiknya. Hasil IC50 asam kojat sebesar 20,88 µg/mL; IC50 variasi ekstrak berturut-turut sebesar (126,75; 1130,90; 10092,41) µg/mL. Krim berwarna putih susu-putih kekuningan; ber-aroma bunga; lembut; homogen; tidak terjadi pemisahan; bertipe M/A; sifat alir tiksotropik plastis; viskositas, kemampuan sebar, ukuran globul, pH semakin meningkat berturut-turut sebesar (455000- 620000)cPs, (2695,82-3545,83)mm2, (54,66-66,27)μm, (4,44-5,04); aktivitas inhibisi tirosinase formula 1, 2 dan 3 penyimpanan minggu 0, 2 dan 4 berturut-turut sebesar (1,78;-25,74;22,04)%, (6,74;6,12;4,49)%, (-28,78;53,06;20,32)%. Dapat disimpulkan formula krim dengan konsentrasi ekstrak akar manis 1,01% merupakan formula terbaik sehingga dapat digunakan sebagai pemutih kulit
Aktivitas Sitotoksik Ekstrak Metanol Benalu Batu (Begonia sp.): Ethnomedicine Suku Wana Sulawesi Tengah
Get PDFBenalu batu (Begonia sp.) is used as traditional medicine by Wana tribe in Central Sulawesi to treat various diseases, including cancer. In an effort to search potential anticancer drugs from natural sources, investigation was conducted on the cytotoxic activity of Begonia sp. methanol extract against cervic cancer cells (HeLa) and breast cancer cells (T47D) and identification of the chemical compound groups in methanol extract that is responsible for the anticancer activity. Investigations including the extraction of Begonia sp. dried herb by soxhletation using methanol, followed by evaporation on rotary vapor until viscous extract gained. The cytotoxic test were carried out by tetrazolium bromide (MTT) method. The concentration series of Begonia sp. methanol extract were 250, 125, 62.5 and 31.25 μg /mL. Results showed that the Begonia sp. methanol extract inhibited the growth of cervic cancer cells (HeLa) (IC50 = 70.97 μg/mL) stronger than inhibition on breast cancer cells (T47D) (IC50 = 122.21 μg/mL). Analysis of chemical compound groups in the methanol extract using thin-layer chromatography (TLC) method indicated that polyphenolic flavonoid might be the main compound responsible for the anticancer activityBenalu batu (Begonia sp.) merupakan tumbuhan obat tradisional yang digunakan oleh suku Wana di Sulawesi Tengah untuk mengobati berbagai macam penyakit, termasuk penyakit kanker. Dalam usaha mendapatkan obat antikanker yang potensial dari bahan alam, maka dilakukan pengujian aktivitas antikanker ekstrak metanol herba benalu batu terhadap sel kanker leher rahim (HeLa) dan sel kanker payudara (T47D) serta menentukan golongan senyawa kimia dari ekstrak yang diduga bertanggung jawab terhadap aktivitas antikanker. Penelitian ini meliputi ekstraksi herba kering benalu batu dengan metode sokhletasi menggunakan pelarut metanol, dilanjutkan dengan penguapan pelarut menggunakan rotarivapor sampai didapatkan ekstrak kental. Pengujian aktivitas antikanker ekstrak metanol benalu batu terhadap sel kanker leher rahim (HeLa) dan sel kanker payudara (T47D) dilakukan secara in vitro dengan metode tetrazolium bromida (MTT). Seri konsentrasi ekstrak metanol yang digunakan adalah 250, 125, 62,5 dan 31,25 μg/mL. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa ekstrak metanol benalu batu memberikan efek hambatan pertumbuhan sel kanker leher rahim (HeLa) lebih besar (IC50 = 70,97 μg/mL) daripada terhadap sel kanker payudara (T47D) (IC50 = 122,21μg/mL). Hasil analisis komponen kimia ekstrak menggunakan metode kromatografi lapis tipis (KLT) mengindikasikan bahwa golongan senyawa polifenol flavonoid berperan dalam memberikan aktivitas antikanker
ACE Aktivitas Inhibitor Angiotension Converting Enzyme (ACE) Fraksi Protein Susu Kerbau (Bubalus bubalis) Fermentasi
No full textProteins and peptides are food components that have proven ability to prevent hypertensive disease through inhibition of angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE). Buffalo milk or fermented curds are naturally potentially developed as functional food as antihypertensive food. The purpose of this study were to determine the optimum fermentation time to obtain curd with the best ACE inhibition activity. First the curd protein was extracted using alcohol in stages for curd with fermentation length of 1, 2, 3, and 4 days. Nol days or buffallo milk without fermentation as control. Every time fermentation variation of were tested pH acidity level, chemical composition, protein extraction, dissolved protein content, degree of hydrolysis and ACE inhibitor activity. The value ACE inhibitor the highest was done fractionate using ultrafiltration membranes helping centrifugation. The protein fraction with optimal ACE inhibitor activity was analyzed amino acid composition by ultra performance liquid chromatography. The result of research are time fermentaion is one day and dissolved protein content is 912,73 ppm. The highest ACE inhibition activity was obtained at 87.52%, and 23.38% for degree of hydrolysis. Based on molecular weight was obtained the highest ACE inhibition value at fraction below 3 kDa, the ACE inhibitor activity value is 99,3%. Amino acid composition are threonine 0,0249%, proline 0,039%, alanine 0,045%, phenyl alanine smaller than 0,012% and acid glutamate 0.158%. In general, dadih was able to inhibit ACE activity and potentially as an antihypertensive agent in vitro
Antihypertensive and Diuretic Effects of The Ethanol Extract of Colocasia esculenta (L.) Schott. Leaves
Get PDFColocasia esculenta (L.) Schott (CE) is traditionally used for the treatment of various ailments such as high blood pressure, diarrhea, rheumatic pain, pulmonary congestion, etc. Hence in present study, the effect of ethanol extract of CE leaves (EECE) was evaluated for antihypertensive and diuretic activity in rats. Male Sprague dawley rats were randomly divided into five groups (n=5), and treated as follow: positive control group (hydrochlortiazide 0.2569 mg/ 200 g bw), negative control (NaCl 8%) and EECE (20, 40 and 80 mg/ 200 g bw) was given 14 days. The parameters systole blood pressure (SBP) and diastole blood pressure (DBP) was estimate by Kent Scientific’s CODA Non-invasive Blood Pressure on the days 0, 15 and 29. Diuretic activity of EECE was studied based on the volume of urine for 6 hours and measuring the levels of sodium in urine 24 hours. The result of the study showed that EECE 40 mg/ 200 g bw/ day significant (p<0.05) decreased in SBP 16.07% and in DBP 13.67%. EECE 40 mg/ 200 g bw/day showed positive diuretic activity and significantly (p < 0.05) increased sodium levels in urine. Preliminary phytochemical evaluation revealed the presence of saponins, tannin, triterpenoid and flavonoids in EECE.Talas (Colocasia esculenta (L.) Schott) (CE) secara tradisional digunakan untuk berbagai penyakit seperti tekanan darah tinggi, diare, rematik, gangguan paru-paru dan lain sebagainya. Dalam penelitian ini diteliti aktivitas ekstrak etanol daun talas sebagai antihipertensi dan diuretik pada tikus. Tikus jantan Sprague dawley secara acak dibagi menjadi lima kelompok (n=5) dan diberi perlakuan sebagai berikut: kelompok kontrol positif (diberi hidroklorotiazida 0,2569 mg/200 g bb), kontrol negatif (diberi NaCl 8%), 3 kelompok perlakuan masing-masing diberi ekstrak etanol daun talas dengan konsentrasi 20, 40 dan 80 mg/200 g bb selama 14 hari. Parameter berupa tekanan darah sistol dan diastol diukur dengan Kent Scientific’s CODA non-invasive blood pressure pada hari ke-0, 15 dan 29. Aktivitas diuretik ekstrak etanol daun talas dianalisis berdasarkan volume urin dalam waktu 6 jam dan pengukuran jumlah natrium urin dalam waktu 24 jam. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa ekstrak etanol daun talas dengan konsentrasi 40 mg/200 g bb/ hari secara signifikan (p<0,05) menurunkan tekanan darah sistol sebesar 16,07% dan menurunkan tekanan darah diastol sebesar 13,67%. Ekstrak etanol daun talas 40 mg/ 200 g bb/ hari positif menunjukkan aktivitas diuretik dan secara signifikan meningkatkan kadar natrium dalam urin (p <0,05). Evaluasi kandungan fitokimia yang telah dilakukan membuktikan bahwa ekstrak etanol daun talas mengandung saponin, tanin, triterpenoid dan flavonoid
Evaluasi Mutu Fisik Formula Body Butter Ekstrak Etanol Kulit Buah Manggis (Garcinia mangostana L.)
Get PDFThe rind of the mangosteen (Garcinia mangostana L.) contains many xanthones which have anti-infl ammatory and antioxidant activity that can counteract free radicals and prevent or inhibit cell degeneration (inhibiting aging). Utilization of mangosteen rind generally in the form of powder capsule. The lack of utilization in topical dosage forms makes the researcher interested in making a body butter of ethanol extract of mangosteen rind and evaluating its physical quality. Simplicia of mangosteen rind were dried using oven at 50 °C. Mangosteen rind extract was obtained from the maceration of simplicia powder with 96% ethanol solvent. The formula of body butter mangosteen rind extract is prepared based on the literature study. The body butter was evaluated for organoleptic, pH, adherence, spreading, homogeneity test, and physical stability test for five months. Besides using literature standards, researchers also using body butter that has been market legally as a comparison in evaluated its physical quality. Based on the statistical analysis, it can be concluded that the preparation of body butter extract of mangosteen rind has a good physical quality compared with the body butter that has been market legally. Physical stability for five months showed that the body butter of mangosteen rind extract was stable.Kulit buah manggis (Garcinia mangostana L.) mengandung banyak senyawa xanthone yang mempunyai aktivitas anti-infl amasi dan antioksidan sehingga dapat menangkal radikal bebas dan mencegah kerusakan sel atau menghambat proses degenerasi sel (menghambat penuaan). Pemanfaatan kulit buah manggis di dunia kesehatan umumnya dalam bentuk kapsul serbuk kulit buah manggis. Kurangnya pemanfaatan dalam bentuk sediaan topikal membuat peneliti tertarik untuk membuat body butter ekstrak etanol kulit buah manggis dan mengevaluasi mutu fi siknya. Pembuatan simplisia kering kulit buah manggis dilakukan dengan metode pengeringan oven pada suhu 50 °C. Ekstrak kulit buah manggis diperoleh dari maserasi serbuk simplisia dengan pelarut etanol 96%. Formula body butter ekstrak kulit manggis disusun berdasarkan studi literatur. Sediaan body butter dievaluasi mutu fisik berupa uji organoleptis, uji pH, uji daya lekat, uji daya sebar, uji homogenitas, dan uji stabilitas fisik selama lima bulan. Selain menggunakan standar yang ada dalam literatur, peneliti juga menggunakan body butter yang telah beredar di pasaran secara legal sebagai pembanding dalam mengevaluasi mutu fi siknya. Berdasarkan hasil analisis statistik, disimpulan bahwa sediaan body butter ekstrak kulit manggis memiliki mutu fi sik yang baik dibandingkan dengan sediaan body butter yang telah beredar secara legal di pasaran. Hasil pengamatan stabilitas fi sik selama lima bulan menunjukkan bahwa body butter ekstrak kulit manggis stabil
Phytochemical Compounds and Cytotoxicity Screening of Suren (Toona sinensis) Leaves Extracts against Vero and MCF-7 Cells
Get PDFDaun suren diindikasikan memiliki beragam aktivitas farmakologi seperti antioksidan, antidiabetes, antihiperlipidemia, dan antikanker. Penelitian ini bertujuan menganalisis komponen-komponen fitokimia daun suren secara kualitatif dan kuantitatif, serta menguji aktivitas sitotoksisitasnya terhadap sel vero dan sel kanker payudara MCF-7. Pelarut yang digunakan untuk mengekstraksi daun suren adalah air, etanol 70%, etil asetat, dan n-heksana. Rendemen yang diperoleh untuk pelarut air, etanol 70%, etil asetat, dan n-heksana secara berurutan sebesar 33,54; 34,85; 6,38; dan 1,31%. Komponen fitokimia dalam daun suren meliputi alkaloid, triterpenoid, flavonoid, tanin, fenol, dan steroid. Total fenolik ekuivalen asam galat (GAE) tertinggi terdapat pada ekstrak etanol 70% diikuti oleh ekstrak air, etil asetat, dan n-heksana masing-masing sebesar 101,78; 97,84; 33,24; dan 14,81 mg/g GAE. Total flavonoid ekuivalen kuersetin (QE) ekstrak air, etanol 70%, etil asetat, dan n-heksana masing-masing sebesar 81,14; 53,72; 17,58; dan 6,46 mg/g QE. Uji sitotoksisitas menunjukkan bahwa semua ekstrak daun suren tidak toksik terhadap sel vero dengan nilai IC50 sebesar 463,03 (ekstrak air), 197,88 (ekstrak etanol 70%), 121,09 (ekstrak etil asetat), dan 217,43 μg/ml (ekstrak n-heksana). Nilai IC50 semua ekstrak daun suren terhadap sel kanker payudara MCF-7 >100 μg/ml. Berdasarkan Natianal Cancer Institute (NCI), nilai ini menunjukkan aktivitas antikanker ekstrak daun suren yang sangat lemah terhadap sel MCF-7.The compounds of suren leaves are indicated a wide range of pharmacology activity, such as antioxidant and anticancer. The objectives of this research were to analyze phytochemical compounds and cytotoxicity of suren leaves extracts against vero and MCF-7 cells line. Extraction of suren leaves was performed by maceration method with some solvents: water, ethanol 70%, ethyl acetate, and n-hexane. Suren leaves extracts showed the presence of alkaloids, triterpenoids, flavonoids, tannin, phenols, and steroids. The highest value of total phenolic content with equivalent gallic acid (GAE) was obtained from etanol 70% extracts (101.78 mg/g GAE), followed by water (97.84 mg/g GAE), ethyl acetate (33.24 mg/g GAE), and n-hexane extracts (14.81 mg/g GAE). Total flavonoid content equivalen quercetin (QE) of water, etanol 70%, ethyl acetate, and n-hexane extracts were 81.14; 53.72; 17.58; and 6.46 mg/g QE; respectively. The cytotoxicity assay showed that extracts were not toxic on vero cell with IC50 value: 463.03 (water extract); 197.88 (ethanol 70% extract); 121.09 (ethyl acetate extract); and 217.43 μg/ml (n-hexane extract). Suren leaves extracts had no anticancer potency against MCF-7 cell with IC50 value of all extracts more than 100 μg/ml. Based on National Cancer Institute (NCI) regulation, these values showed low cytotoxicity in MCF-7 cell