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Comportements de santé des élèves en Suisse - 2018
No full textThe Swiss HBSC study aims to assess health behaviour and lifestyles in fifth- to ninth-graders (seventh to eleventh grade HarmoS), most of whom are between 11 and 15 years old. The study is carried out every four years and is based on a nationally representative sample. This is why it allows to assess the health-related situation of adolescents in Switzerland on a regular basis, to compare it to the situation in earlier years, and to detect changes over time. More details on http://www.hbsc.org. The Swiss HBSC study is one of the national health statistics in Switzerland. The study provides the federal and cantonal authorities with important information that can be used for health policy development. The HBSC study is also a valuable scientific basis for the development of prevention and health promotion programs, in the school and the recreational context as well as on federal and cantonal level. In particular, two of the national health strategies (the strategy on “addiction” and the strategy on “non-communicable diseases”) rely, in part, on HBSC data. In Switzerland, the HBSC study is funded by the Federal Office of Public Health and the majority of the cantons. In 2022, Addiction Switzerland conducts the HBSC study for the tenth time (after 1986, 1990, 1994, 1998, 2002, 2006, 2010, 2014 and 2018) in Switzerland. More details on http://www.hbsc.ch.Sous l'égide de l'Organisation mondiale de la santé (OMS) sous le titre anglais "Health Behavior School Aged Children, HBSC", cette étude internationale s'intéresse aux comportements bénéfiques ou nuisibles à la santé des élèves de 11 à 15 ans. En 2022, Addiction Suisse, avec le soutien financier de l’Office fédéral de la santé publique (OFSP) et de la plupart des cantons, a conduit pour la dixième fois cette enquête en Suisse (après 1986, 1990, 1994, 1998, 2002, 2006, 2010, 2014 et 2018). En 2022, 46 pays y ont participé, pour la plupart européens. Les objectifs principaux sont: (1) l'étude comparative des comportements qui ont une incidence sur la santé - une attention particulière est accordée à la consommation d'alcool, de tabac et de cannabis, à l'alimentation et à l'activité physique; (2) la construction d'un système international d'information permettant de comparer les tendances de comportement des élèves de 11, 13 et 15 ans en matière de santé et de comportements de santé; (3) l'analyse approfondie de certains aspects significatifs des comportements de santé. Pour plus de détails sur l'enquête internationale, on peut consulter les pages web http://www.hbsc.org
Kantonsportraits
No full textIm Jahre 2011 veröffentlichte die Eidgenössische Migrationskommission (EKM) die von ihr beim SFM und bei sotomo in Auftrag gegebene Studie «Gestaltungsspielräume im Föderalismus. Die Migrationspolitik in den Kantonen». Diese beschreibt die Anwendung der föderalen Ausländergesetzgebung in den 26 Kantonen und entwickelt Erklärungsansätze für feststellbare Unterschiede. Diese Studie ist eine Neuauflage, dessen Ziel ist, den heutigen Stand der kantonalen Umsetzung der föderalen Ausländer, Einbürgerungs- und Asylgesetzgebung zu erforschen und dokumentieren.Sur mandat de la CFM, Wichmann et al. (2011) ont dressé un premier inventaire des marges de manœuvre de la politique migratoire cantonale en Suisse. Cette étude documentait les différences dans les pratiques administratives et dans l’application des critères d’intégration lors de décisions en matière de droit des étrangers. La présente étude reprend ce fil conducteur. Elle actualise et élargit l’état des connaissances sur l’utilisation des marges de manœuvre cantonales en matière de politique migratoire en se référant à la situation en fin d’année 2017. Ses résultats doivent être considérés comme un instantané de la politique et des pratiques migratoires, qui se trouvent en constante évolution, et servir de base à de futures recherches. Plusieurs modifications importantes apportées à la loi après 2017 dans le domaine du droit des étrangers et de la nationalité ne sont donc abordées que de manière marginale. La présente étude se concentre sur les cinq domaines suivants : intégration (notamment l’encouragement spécifique de l’intégration), protection contre la discrimination (ainsi que l’ouverture des institutions), asile (aspects de l’accueil et de l’accompagnement des personnes du domaine de l’asile), admission (des travailleur·euse·s, des membres de la famille ainsi que les permis pour cas de rigueur) et naturalisation (aspects matériels et procéduraux de la naturalisation ordinaire).In 2011, the Federal Migration Commission mandated the study "Gestaltungsspielräume im Föderalismus. Die Migrationspolitik in den Kantonen". The study described the application of federal migration legislation in the 26 cantons and developed explanatory approaches for identifiable differences. This study is a new edition, the aim of which is to research and document the current state of cantonal implementation of federal immigration, naturalization, and asylum legislation
Survey of all digitalization-relevant study programs at Swiss universities, universities of applied sciences, and universities of teacher education
No full textDas Projekt entwickelt eine Landkarte der digitalen Aktivitäten im Schweizerischen Hochschulsystem. Diese Karte stellt dar, wie sich Digitalisierungsstrategien zwischen Regionen, Hochschulen, Hochschultypen und auch Disziplinen unterscheiden. Wir rekonstruieren, wie Hochschulen und Disziplinen die Digitalisierung zum Thema machen und welche Initiativen sie daraus ableiten. Dabei sollen auch die unterschiedlichen Zugänge und Perspektiven deutlich werden, je nachdem, um welche Hochschulen und Disziplinen es geht – und welche Berufsfelder oder gesellschaftlichen Sektoren dementsprechend im Fokus stehen. Parallel zur Erarbeitung eines Gesamtbildes führen wir vertiefende Fallstudien an ausgewählten Hochschulen und Fachbereichen durch. Anhand eines Vergleichs der Strategien und Perspektiven machen wir auf verschiedene Voraussetzungen, Umsetzungen und Folgen von digitalen Strategien in Hochschulen und Disziplinen aufmerksam.This project will develop a map of digital activities in the Swiss higher education system. The map will show how digitalisation strategies differ between regions, institutions, types of academic institutions and fields of study. We will reconstruct how each establishment and discipline deals with digitalisation and what initiatives they derive from their analysis. The project will also highlight the approaches and perspectives distinguishing each institution and discipline, as well as the professional fields or social sectors accordingly of interest to them. Alongside the development of an overall picture, we will conduct in-depth case studies at selected institutions and in various fields. By comparing the strategies and perspectives, we will shed light on the prerequisites, implementations and consequences of digital strategies in different higher education establishments and fields of study
Surface Groups Togo 1984-2021
No full textThis project develops a novel procedure for proxying economic activity with daytime satellite imagery across time periods and spatial units, for which reliable data on economic activity are otherwise not available. In developing this unique proxy, we apply machine-learning techniques to a historical time series of daytime satellite imagery from the Landsat program dating back to 1984. Compared to satellite data on night light intensity, another common economic proxy, our proxy more precisely predicts economic activity at smaller regional levels and over longer time horizons. Our procedure is generalizable to any region in the world, and it has great potential for analyzing historical economic developments, evaluating local policy reforms, and controlling for economic activity at highly disaggregated regional levels in econometric applications. Therefore, we produce our proxy for any region in the world and publish the data as georeferend TIF files in this repository. In our paper, we demonstrate our measure’s usefulness for the example of Germany, where East German data on economic activity are unavailable for detailed regional levels and historical time series
Ethics of caregiving at a distance: opportunities and barriers of smart home technologies for elderly parents of immigrant children in small families
No full textThe Swiss older adult population, aged 65 years or older, stands at 18%, representing 1.5 million older persons in the country. The demographic challenges brought mostly by an ageing population imply that the old-age dependency ratio is a major concern. The increasing number of older adults mean more healthcare demands, greater healthcare costs, and high caregiving burden. Our society today faces a difficult situation where we find it hard to address the needs of the rising number of older persons. One of the proposed solutions to remedy this alarming situation is smart home health technology. These technologies could help decrease costs of maintaining older people and securing their safety, both at home and in institutions. However, many social and ethical issues have been raised with the use of such technologies, amongst others, informed consent/autonomy, privacy, data safety, gaps in information and support about use and access to smart home technologies; and fears that such technology may replace the much-needed human contact. To the best of our knowledge, little is known on how the Swiss population views the acceptance of smart home health technologies for elder care. Thus, our project, RESOURCE, will critically evaluate the knowledge, willingness, and concerns associated with the use of smart home technologies in the care of older persons, particularly, the ethical and social concerns. The project has three specific objectives and uses a mixed-method approach coupled with normative-empirical analysis. Module 1 includes qualitative methods where we will first capture the knowledge, attitudes, and wishes of the direct end-users (the older persons at home or in nursing homes) and their caregivers (both family members and healthcare professionals). Module 2 includes population survey based in the findings of the previous module and available literature to derive generalizable knowledge from the Swiss population. In this module we will gather representative data about the Swiss population's knowledge, understanding, and acceptance of smart home solutions in the care of older persons. Furthermore, the key ethical and social findings from the above two modules will feed into our normative-empirical analysis (Module 3), where the goal is to refine recommendations evident from the empirical parts and adapts ethical frameworks proposed by other scholars to the realities of Switzerland. Transnational care-specific abstract While conducting a systematic review of the literature, we discovered a lack of empirical data on the perceptions and attitudes of immigrant adult children with no siblings to share their caregiving burden, providing caregiving at a distance for their elderly parents. Therefore, we designed a sub-project to explore the potential opportunities and barriers of smart home technologies to ameliorate the immigrant informal caregiver population’s caregiving burdens, as adult immigrant children may not be able to provide in-person care for their parents while living at a great distance and across international borders. Though there are explorations in the attitudes of elderly persons and their caregivers towards smart home technologies, the potential for replacing in-person care is only during short periods of time, either during the caregiver’s off-duty hours or for days when their children are not able to visit. For adult immigrant children, it can be more difficult to provide in-person companionship or hands-on caregiving to their aging parents living in the native country, as they are often unable to visit their home country for months, even years at a time. This population of individuals often bear high economic and emotional costs while aiming to fulfill caregiving responsibilities towards their aging parents in the home country. With the gradual development and increasing adoption of smart home technologies, they could provide new solutions for immigrant children to care for their parents at a distance. Additional semi-structured interviews in English will be conducted to investigate this population's attitude and concerns to the use of these technologies
Surface Groups Republic of the Congo 1984-2021
No full textThis project develops a novel procedure for proxying economic activity with daytime satellite imagery across time periods and spatial units, for which reliable data on economic activity are otherwise not available. In developing this unique proxy, we apply machine-learning techniques to a historical time series of daytime satellite imagery from the Landsat program dating back to 1984. Compared to satellite data on night light intensity, another common economic proxy, our proxy more precisely predicts economic activity at smaller regional levels and over longer time horizons. Our procedure is generalizable to any region in the world, and it has great potential for analyzing historical economic developments, evaluating local policy reforms, and controlling for economic activity at highly disaggregated regional levels in econometric applications. Therefore, we produce our proxy for any region in the world and publish the data as georeferend TIF files in this repository. In our paper, we demonstrate our measure’s usefulness for the example of Germany, where East German data on economic activity are unavailable for detailed regional levels and historical time series
Analyse des débats parlementaires fédéraux et cantonaux (Vaud) sur l'éducation numérique
No full textThe main question addressed in this project is: How and why is trust in robots established in schools? The following studies provide an interdisciplinary answer: on the one hand, an analysis of filmed interactions between students, teachers and educational robots, combined with the realization of new pedagogical experiments; and on the other hand, the analysis of public policies in the educational field.Comment et pourquoi s’établit la confiance dans les robots à l’école ? Voici la question centrale du projet. Combinant l’analyse des interactions filmées entre élèves, enseignants et robots éducationnels avec la réalisation de nouvelles expériences pédagogiques d’une part, et l’analyse des politiques publiques de l’éducation, de l’autre, notre projet donne une réponse interdisciplinaire
Surface Groups Malaysia 1984-2021
No full textThis project develops a novel procedure for proxying economic activity with daytime satellite imagery across time periods and spatial units, for which reliable data on economic activity are otherwise not available. In developing this unique proxy, we apply machine-learning techniques to a historical time series of daytime satellite imagery from the Landsat program dating back to 1984. Compared to satellite data on night light intensity, another common economic proxy, our proxy more precisely predicts economic activity at smaller regional levels and over longer time horizons. Our procedure is generalizable to any region in the world, and it has great potential for analyzing historical economic developments, evaluating local policy reforms, and controlling for economic activity at highly disaggregated regional levels in econometric applications. Therefore, we produce our proxy for any region in the world and publish the data as georeferend TIF files in this repository. In our paper, we demonstrate our measure’s usefulness for the example of Germany, where East German data on economic activity are unavailable for detailed regional levels and historical time series
The Vertical Policy Harmonization Indices (VPHI)
No full textCountries’ ability under the Paris Agreement to limit warming to 2˚C, if not to 1.5˚C, has been in question since the adoption of the treaty in 2015. This has prompted calls for countries to increase the ambition of the mitigation pledges in their Nationally Determined Contributions (NDCs) to close the ambition gap between countries’ NDCs and global temperature goals. In addition to the ambition gap, there is an implementation gap as countries’ current national policies fall short of the mitigation pledges outlined in their NDCs (Lee et al. 2023). Hence, to reach the temperature goals of the Paris Agreement, countries must formulate increasingly ambitious international pledges and vertically harmonize their national policies with these pledges. Yet, harmonization is a complex task that involves reconciling the interests of a multitude of diverse actors across different levels and sectors. As such, many countries exhibit different levels of political commitment to mitigate climate change in their NDCs and national policies (e.g., Baker 2023; Ingold and Pflieger 2016; Peterson 2021). Against this backdrop, this research project addressed the following questions: (i) To what degree do countries formulate NDCs that are sufficiently ambitious so as to be aligned with their fair share of the global temperature goals, i.e., to close the ambition gap? (ii) To what degree do countries translate their NDCs into their national policies (policy objectives and instruments), i.e., to close the implementation gap? (iii) What drives countries to under- or outperform regarding both the ambition and implementation (i.e., harmonization) gaps? This project builds upon precedent work in international relations, comparative politics, political economy, and policy sciences that evaluates countries’ climate (policy) performance and explain the gap between countries’ international commitments and (sub-)national policies. We complement previous endeavors (e.g., Climate Action Tracker, Climate Change Performance Index) assessing the fairness or compatibility of countries’ climate policies with pathways towards the global temperature goals by developing the Vertical Policy Harmonization (VPH) Indices (Baker 2023; Baker et al. under review) that quantify the gap between countries’ NDCs and national mitigation policies along three key dimensions of mitigation policymaking. The Target Index compares the level and scope of the greenhouse gas (GHG) reduction targets of 105 countries’ NDCs and national policies. The Policy Effort Index incorporates countries’ climate policy mix to assess the credibility of 36 countries’ targets. The VPH Indices show that despite approximately a quarter of countries having national targets that are either in line with or more ambitious than their NDC target, most countries, accounting for 40% of global GHG emissions, fall short of their targets given countries’ relatively insufficient policy mixes. We draw on these indices and address our research questions from three perspectives. In the first perspective, we focus on the international level and present a typology that incorporates both the ambition and harmonization of countries’ NDCs and national policies (Castro and Kammerer working paper). Under this typology, countries are categorized as leaders (when national policies outperform ambitious NDCs), performative (when national policies fall short of ambitious NDCs), laggards (when national policies and NDCs are unambitious), or cautious (when national policies overperform unambitious NDCs). We find that most countries are characterized as laggards or cautious, while only a handful are categorized as performative, and even fewer as leaders. Moreover, we formulate a set of hypotheses relating to countries’ connectedness to the international negotiations (e.g., level of active participation) and negotiation delegations (e.g., size, resources). Our analyses suggest that developing countries with stronger engagement in UN climate negotiations and the broader ecosystems of international climate policy processes tend to have more ambitious NDCs and stronger national policies (Castro et al. working paper). The second perspective focuses on the effect of macro-level factors, such as countries’ institutional setting (e.g., degree of democracy) and interests (e.g., vulnerability, fossil fuel dependency), on shaping vertical (dis)harmony. We find that fossil fuel dependency in democracies constrains the harmonization of NDC and national-level targets, even in the face of high vulnerability and low abatement costs (Baker 2023). Moreover, our results suggest that countries with decentralized political systems tend to be harmonized or have overperforming national policies, while countries with carbon intensive economies and few political constraints are associated with disharmony stemming from underperforming national policies (Blindenbacher et al working paper; Kammerer working paper). In the third perspective we aim to explain the extent to which countries’ NDCs and national policies are harmonized by the way of the domestic policy process. We are specifically interested in how key aspects of countries’ climate policy subsystem (e.g., the level of actor involvement, belief conflict, the presence of actors who are involved in both the foreign and domestic climate policy processes) determine the adoption of national climate policies, which in turn drives harmonization. So far, we have run eight policy elite surveys to collect data on the relevant factors of a policy subsystem and the preliminary results indicate that the presence of “two-level connectors” (i.e., policy actors who are involved in both NDC development and national climate policymaking processes) is relevant in explaining the gap between countries’ NDCs and national mitigation policies. This project demonstrates countries’ varying ability in harmonizing their NDCs and national climate policies and uncovers the multitude of factors that drive countries’ vertical (dis)harmony. The expansion of the VPH Indices will increase the robustness of our present findings and will enable us to discern whether vertical disharmony is a bug or feature of the global climate change regime. In a normative context, it is up for debate as to whether harmonization should be encouraged or if disharmony should be tolerated as a norm of harmonization may result in both (non-)consequential benefits and disadvantages (Baker and Roser working paper). Increasing the temporal coverage of the VPH Indices will not only inform this normative discussion, but also further theory-building on the interplay between ambition and harmonization and more immediately demonstrate the effectiveness of the incremental ambition-raising framework that is a cornerstone of the Paris Agreement’s approach to achieving its long-term ambition. We draw on these indices and existing measures of ambition to present a typology that incorporates both the ambition and harmonization of countries’ NDCs and national policies (Castro and Kammerer working paper). Under this typology, we categorize two countries (i.e., Nigeria, Comoros) as leaders given their national policies outperform their ambitious NDCs and a handful of countries (i.e., Colombia, Cyprus, Democratic Republic of Congo, Senegal and Uganda) as performative as their national policies fall short of their ambitious NDCs. Most countries, however, are characterized as laggards (e.g., several EU member states, India, Saudi Arabia, United Kingdom, the United States) with unambitious NDCs and national policies or cautious (e.g., Australia, Brazil, China, Denmark, Germany, Japan, Vietnam) as they have national policies that overperform their unambitious NDCs. We use the VPH Indices and formulate three sets of hypotheses to address our research questions. The first set focuses on macro-level factors, such as countries’ institutional setting (e.g., degree of democracy) and interests (e.g., vulnerability, fossil fuel dependency). We find that fossil fuel dependency in democracies constrains the harmonization of NDC and national-level targets, even in the face of high vulnerability and low abatement costs (Baker 2023). Moreover, our results suggest that countries with decentralized political systems tend to be harmonized or have overperforming national policies, while countries with carbon intensive economies and few political constraints are associated with disharmony stemming from underperforming national policies (Blindenbacher et al working paper; Kammerer working paper). The second set of hypotheses includes international factors with a focus on the countries’ connectedness to the international negotiations (e.g., level of active participation) and negotiation delegations (e.g., size, resources). Our analyses suggest that developing countries with stronger engagement in UN climate negotiations and the broader ecosystems of international climate governance processes tend to have more ambitious NDCs and stronger national policies (Castro et al. working paper). The third set addresses the research questions by the way of the domestic policy process. We are specifically interested in how key aspects of countries’ climate policy subsystem (e.g., the level of actor involvement, belief conflict, the presence of actors who are involved in both the foreign and domestic climate policy processes) determine the adoption of national climate policies, in turn driving harmonization. So far, we have run eight policy elite surveys to collect data on the relevant factors of a policy subsystem and the preliminary results indicate that the presence of “two-level connectors” (i.e., policy actors who are involved in both NDC development and national climate policymaking processes) is relevant in explaining the gap between countries’ NDCs and national mitigation policies
Surface Groups Eswatini 1984-2021
No full textThis project develops a novel procedure for proxying economic activity with daytime satellite imagery across time periods and spatial units, for which reliable data on economic activity are otherwise not available. In developing this unique proxy, we apply machine-learning techniques to a historical time series of daytime satellite imagery from the Landsat program dating back to 1984. Compared to satellite data on night light intensity, another common economic proxy, our proxy more precisely predicts economic activity at smaller regional levels and over longer time horizons. Our procedure is generalizable to any region in the world, and it has great potential for analyzing historical economic developments, evaluating local policy reforms, and controlling for economic activity at highly disaggregated regional levels in econometric applications. Therefore, we produce our proxy for any region in the world and publish the data as georeferend TIF files in this repository. In our paper, we demonstrate our measure’s usefulness for the example of Germany, where East German data on economic activity are unavailable for detailed regional levels and historical time series