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2017 national winter canola variety trial
Get PDFObjectives of the National Winter Canola Variety Trial (NWCVT) are to evaluate the performance of released and experimental varieties, determine where these varieties are best adapted, and increase visibility of winter canola across the nation. Breeders, marketers, and producers use information collected from the trials. Over the past decade, the number of environments and entries tested have increased. The NWCVT is planted at locations in the Great Plains, Midwest, northern United States, and Southeast. The wide diversity of environments has improved our knowledge and understanding of winter canola variety performance
Radioactively driven colloids: A special case of anomalous diffusion
Get PDFCitation: Wilson, G., Bahadori, A. A., & Bindra, H. (2019). Radioactively driven colloids: A special case of anomalous diffusion. Journal of Applied Physics, 126(12), 124308. https://doi.org/10.1063/1.5116220A novel concept of self-propelled, radioactively driven colloids is introduced. The focus of this paper is on assessing the impact of alpha emissions on colloidal kinematics. Using Langevin dynamics and a random walk model, a theory has been developed to describe this motion. This theory shows a special case of anomalous diffusion. Numerical simulations have substantiated the theory. It is shown that alpha-particle emission can significantly affect the motion of colloidal particles, although a very short-lived radioisotope is required
Effect of supplementation of Calsporin (Bacillus subtilis C-3102) during gestation and lactation on sow and piglet performance until weaning
Get PDFA total of 29 multiparous sows (Line 241; DNA, Columbus, NE) were used in a 106-d study to determine the effect of Calsporin (Quality Technology International, Inc., Elgin, IL) on sow and litter performance. Calsporin is a direct-fed microbial product based on viable spores of Bacillus subtilis C-3102. At d 30 of gestation, sows were assigned to treatments according to body weight (BW) and parity. Treatments consisted of a control diet or a diet supplemented with Calsporin at 500,000 CFU/g of complete feed in gestation and 1,000,000 CFU/g in lactation. Sow BW was collected on d 112 of gestation, farrowing, and weaning on d 19 of lactation. Piglet BW was collected at birth, on d 2 and 12 of lactation, and at weaning. Fecal scoring was conducted on d 2 and at weaning to categorize the fecal consistency using a scale from 1 to 5 with 1 indicating hard formed feces and 5 watery feces. Data were analyzed using a linear mixed model (PROC GLIMMIX, SAS®) where treatment served as fixed effect and block as random effect. There was no evidence for differences (P>0.05) on sow BW during gestation and lactation or BW loss in lactation. There was a marginal response (P0.05) on piglet BW, weight gain, or percent weaned. A reduction in fecal firmness indicated by a marginal increase (P<0.081) in fecal scores on d 2 of piglets from sows fed Calsporin over those fed a control lactation diet. This study suggests that inclusion of Calsporin does not impact sow or piglet performance until weaning but there are marginal effects on sow ADFI during lactation and fecal consistency of piglets on 2 after birth
Distillers dried grain with solubles effectively replaces soybean meal as a protein source in Boer goat diets
Get PDFIncluding distillers dried grain (DDGS) as a protein source to replace soybean meal (SBM) in Boer goat diets is a viable option for reducing feed costs. With the per protein unit cost advantage of DDGS over SBM being $1.86, DDGS would clearly price into goat diets as a protein source (October 26, 2017 U.S. Grains Council Report). However, there is very limited research regarding DDGS inclusion in goat diets. The goal of this experiment was to evaluate the efficacy of DDGS as a replacement for SBM in a Boer goat diet. For this experiment, forty-eight meat goat kids (approximately 70 d of age) with similar weights were used in a completely randomized design. Kids were housed with 3 kids per pen (4 pens per treatment) and allotted into one of four experimental diets: 1) 0% SBM replaced by DDGS; 2) 33% SBM replaced by DDGS; 3) 66% SBM replaced by DDGS; and 4) 100% SBM replaced by DDGS. All diets were pelleted and contained roughage, so no supplemental forage was needed. This facilitates a more precise calculation of average daily feed intake (ADFI) and the gain to feed ratio (G:F). Diets were fed for 47 days after a 14 day step up period, with average daily gain (ADG), ADFI, and G:F calculated weekly. Data was analyzed using the GLIMMIX procedure of SAS with pen serving as the experimental unit. Once the feeding period ended, two goats per pen were slaughtered so we could collect carcass data. At the conclusion of this experiment, there were no statistical differences in ADG (P=0.032), ADFI (P=0.538), G:F (P=0.005), hot carcass weight (P=0.480), and carcass yield (P=0.878) when we replaced SBM with DDGS. However, there were distinct numerical differences in ADG, where goats fed 66% and 100% DDGS in place of SBM gained 0.02 kg/d more than those fed 0% DDGS. The lack of statistical differences in each treatment presents a strong case that producers can effectively use DDGS as a protein source in Boer goat diets to yield relatively similar performance and carcass characteristics as diets utilizing SBM. The results from this experiment imply that producers could utilize cost effective means of reducing feed costs and promote growth in US corn and meat goat production
Quality Evaluation of Beef Coulotte Steaks from Four Quality Grade Treatments
Get PDFThe Beef top sirloin cap (biceps femoris) of the Top Butt has long been used in Brazilian cuisine and is a popular cut found on Brazilian steakhouse menus known as “picanha.” The top sirloin cap is the most popular sirloin steak at retail. Minimal research exists as to how USDA quality grade impacts the eating quality and palatability of the Coulotte. 60 Beef top sirloin caps (IMPS #184D) representing different quality grades were collected from a Midwest meat processor. Four quality grade treatments were used (Prime, Top Choice (modest and moderate marbling), Low Choice and Select); n=60; 15/treatment). Steaks went through a standard 28-day aging period until being fabricated into 2.54 cm. steaks. Steaks were randomly assigned into one of 3 analysis methods: Warner-Bratzlershear force (WBSF), fat and moisture analysis and consumer sensory analysis. Consumers (n=118) were fed 4 samples representing each of the quality grade treatments at a medium (71°C) degree of doneness. Consumers evaluated each sample for juiciness, tenderness, flavor, and overall liking on continuous line scales. Consumers rated each trait as either acceptable or unacceptable, and indicated their perceived quality rating. Statistical analysis was conducted using the GLM/MIXED procedure of SAS (SAS Institute, NC) with blocking for the time of the consumer panels
Effect of replacing soybean meal with dried distillers grains in meat goat diets
Get PDFMarket goat nutrition has received limited attention and their requirements have often been extrapolated from other species (cattle and sheep) due to a lack of information. Specifically, there is very limited data available regarding the role of feeding dried distillers grains with solubles (DDGS) to goats. With the per protein unit cost advantage of DDGS over SBM being $1.86, DDGS would clearly price into goat diets as a protein source (October 26, 2017 U.S. Grains Council Report). However, there is insufficient data to base recommendations for potential inclusion of DDGS in a diet. Our objective is to evaluate the efficacy of DDGS as a replacement for SBM in a Boer goat diet. Forty-eight meat goat kids (approximately 70 d of age, initially 28.2kg) were used in a completely randomized design. Animals were housed at the Kansas State University Sheep and Meat Goat Center with 3 kids per pen (4 pens per treatment). Pens were allotted into one of four experimental diets: 1) 0% SBM replaced by DDGS; 2) 33% SBM replaced by DDGS; 3) 66% SBM replaced by DDGS; and 4) 100% SBM replaced by DDGS. All diets were pelleted at the Kansas State University feed mill with pellets formulated to contain roughage so no supplemental forage was needed. After a 14 day step up period, diets were fed for 46 days with goats and feeders weighed weekly to determine ADG, ADFI and G:F. Two goats per pen were randomly selected and slaughtered at a USDA-inspected facility with carcass data collected. Data was analyzed using the GLIMMIX procedure of SAS, with pen as the experimental unit and 0.05 as the alpha value. Dietary treatment increased (P0.10) due to a linear improvement (P0.10) on carcass measurements. In summary, including DDGS in replacement of SBM in Boer Goat diets did not impact ADG, ADFI or carcass measurements but did improve G:F
Virus Amplification
Get PDFSorghum is the fifth most produced cereal in the world and a source of nutrients for humans, feeding more than 500 million people in Africa and Asia [1]. It is grown commercially for food, animal feed, fiber and fuel in roughly 100 countries including U.S. [2]. Worldwide, feeding by 150 insect species causes substantial economic damage to sorghum [3]. Besides feeding damage, aphids such as the Corn Leaf Aphid vector Sugarcane mosaic virus (SCMV), Sorghum mosaic virus (SRMV), Maize mosaic virus (MDMV) and Johnson grass mosaic virus (JGMV) [4]. These are Potyviruses, the largest group of the Potyviridae family with 176 members [5] and cause substantial yield losses to sorghum, sugarcane, and maize. SCMV, SRMV, and MDMV are closely related whereas JGMV is more distantly related to them [6]. All have an average 9.7 kb positive-sense single-stranded RNA genome encoding 10 mature proteins in a single large ORF [7]
Pond Eutrophication
Get PDFCitation: Burden, M., Guo, Q., Krueger, L., & Young, N. (2018) Pond Eutrophication. Unpublished manuscript, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS.Kirmser Undergraduate Research Award - Group Category, grand prizeDr. Lisa WilkenLandowners Bruce and Theresa Meyer of Palmer, KS, requested a design to address eutrophication issues causing blue-green algae blooms within their pond. The blooms impact recreational activities such as swimming, fishing, and canoeing. Currently, their solution is temporary and requires the use of chemicals to harden the water and remove the algae. The Meyer’s have requested a more permanent and cost-effective solution. After completing the engineering design process, two design options are proposed for reducing the effects of eutrophication: vegetative buffer strips and a floating garden. Vegetative buffer strips are used to filter nutrients and sediment from runoff, which will reduce the growth of the blue-green algae. A floating garden has the potential to provide an in-pond solution to reduce excess nutrients, but requires more maintenance and recurring costs. Well-planned buffer strips have a higher chance of providing a long-term solution compared to the floating garden, which would have to be maintained and reinstalled yearly. The final proposed design uses both designs in tandem to synergistically reduce the effects of eutrophication. Water inflow will be rerouted through the vegetative filter through present vegetation, which will reduce the amount of incoming nonpoint source pollutants that enter the pond. The floating garden will be utilized to reduce excess nutrients that are within the pond
Effects of 15-Acetyl-deoxynivalenol (15-ADON) and Diacetoxyscirpenol (DAS) Mycotoxins on Tribolium castaneum
Get PDFTwo major threats to stored products in the United States and throughout the world are stored product insects and contamination from mycotoxins, which are secondary metabolites produced by fungi, such as Fusarium spp. (Glenn, 2007). Although stored product insects are not associated with negative health impacts when consumed by humans or animals, mycotoxins can negatively impact fertility, reproductive health, growth and development, particularly in livestock (Brake, 1999). Unfortunately, it is difficult to remove mycotoxins from contaminated products and most products have to be destroyed. However, stored product insects routinely feed on products contaminated by mold and may posses detoxification enzymes that could be exploited by the food industry to degrade mycotoxins. To determine whether Tribolium castaneum (red flour beetles) may have resistance to mycotoxins commonly encountered in stored products, such as 15-acetyl-deoxynivalenol (15-ADON) and diacetoxyscirpenol (DAS), we performed bioassays using 10-fold serial dilutions of both purified toxins independently and measured life history parameters, including mortality rates, growth rates, and progeny production. These parameters were compared to insects fed on a control diet to determine whether mycotoxins negatively impacted red flour beetle adults. This allows for an understanding of how individual mycotoxins influence the insects rather than their combinations seen in naturally contaminated mold (Guo, 2014).The results showed no significant impact on any of the life history parameters from the 15-ADON mycotoxin; however, the DAS showed a significant impact on growth rates and progeny production. Furthering the study of the resistance of red flour beetles to mycotoxins may allow us to discover novel enzymes that could be used to degrade mycotoxins contaminating grain, allowing it to be used as animal food and reducing post-harvest losses
Neuronal in vitro impact of Amblyommaamericanumsalivary glands extracts
Get PDFWhen a tick feeds off a host, the salivary glands of the tick excrete saliva to assist the tick in feeding (1). The reason saliva assists the tick in consuming its blood meal is due to its immunosuppressive, anti-inflammatory, and anti-coagulant properties (2).Tick salivary glands also play an important role in the transmission of tick-borne pathogens (3). We wanted to investigate the effect of tick salivary gland extracts (SGE) on human neurons. For our experiment, the organism whose salivary gland extract we used was the Amblyomma americanum. We compared the effects of salivary gland extract from ticks collected in the field and ticks reared in a lab colony. Our results showed that the salivary gland extract from the two types of ticks affected the neurons differently, and the salivary gland extract of the field tick was more damaging to the neurons. This indicates that SGE from field ticks, together with infectious agents, could result in a more severe neuronal impairment in a human host than the infectious agent alone