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Our Impact 2017-2018 Program Focus Team Report
No full textK-State Research and Extension's program report for 2017-2018. This report to a variety of stakeholders illustrates the statewide extension work for the programming year
Crystal-momentum-resolved contributions to high-order harmonic generation in solids
Get PDFWe analytically and numerically investigate the emission of high-order harmonic radiation from model solids by intense few-cycle midinfrared laser pulses. In single-active-electron approximation, we expand the active electron's wave function in a basis of adiabatic Houston states and describe the solid's electronic band structure in terms of an adjustable Kronig-Penney model potential. For high-order harmonic generation (HHG) from MgO crystals, we examine spectra from two-band and converged multiband numerical calculations. We discuss the characteristics of intra- and interband contributions to the HHG spectrum for computations including initial crystal momenta either from the Γ point at the center of the first Brioullin zone (BZ) only or from the entire first BZ. For sufficiently high intensities of the driving laser field, we find relevant contributions to HHG from the entire first BZ. Based on numerically calculated spectra, we scrutinize the cutoff harmonic orders as a function of the laser peak intensity and find good qualitative agreement with our analytical saddle-point-approximation predictions and published theoretical data
Perfect control of photoelectron anisotropy for randomly oriented ensembles of molecules by XUV REMPI and polarization shaping
Get PDFWe report two schemes to generate perfect anisotropy in the photoelectron angular distribution of a randomly oriented ensemble of polyatomic molecules. In order to exert full control over the anisotropy of photoelectron emission, we exploit interferences between single-photon pathways and a manifold of resonantly enhanced two-photon pathways. These are shown to outperform nonsequential (ω, 2ω) bichromatic phase control for the example of CHFClBr molecules. We are able to optimize pulses that yield anisotropic photoelectron emission thanks to a very efficient calculation of photoelectron momentum distributions. This is accomplished by combining elements of quantum chemistry, variational scattering theory, and time-dependent perturbation theory
Environmental & architectural phenomenology. Vol. 30, issue 2
No full textBesides “items of interest,” and “citations received,” this issue includes the following items: An “in memoriam” for phenomenological sociologist George Psathas, who died last November; “Book notes” on philosopher Dan Zahavi’s Phenomenology: The Basics; and naturalist Paul Krafel’s Roaming Upward; The third part of the late philosopher Henri Bortoft’s 1999 conference presentation on Goethean science; Sociologist Julia Bennett’s overview of her doctoral research relating to belonging among families who have lived in one English town for multiple generations; Environmental educator John Cameron’s continuing discussion of “lived interiority” via consideration of landscape character as understood by several well-known thinkers and writers; Australian artist and photograph Sue Michael’s introductory text and several works that were part of her recent painting and photography exhibit, “Settled Areas”; To mark EAP’s 30th year of publication, editor David Seamon’s discussion of current conceptual and methodological concerns relating to phenomenology as a philosophy and research approach; The issue ends with 23 definitions of phenomenology written by eminent phenomenological thinkers
Effects of corn gluten feed and dried distillers grain on goat growth and performance
Get PDFThis study was aimed to provide information about inclusion of specific diet ingredients for Boer type meat goats. Due to the lack of published data producers are limited the information to make economic decisions when determining what type of feed to use. We evaluated the ability for corn gluten feed (CGF) and Dried Distillers Grains with Soluble (DDGS) to replace soybean meal (SBM) on a feed cost efficiency basis. Seventy-five Boer-type goats were fed one of five dietary treatments for a 35-day period. The goats had an average starting weight at 26.9 kg (±0.2 kg) and approximately 70 days of age. Three goats were randomly allocated to treatment pens with five pens per treatment in a completely randomized design. The CGF was substituted for SBM in five isocaloric and isonitrogenous treatments: 1) soybean meal; 2) 100% DDGS/0% CGF; 3) 66% DDGS/33% CGF; 4) 33% DDGS/66% CGF; 5) 0% DDGS/100% CGF. Goat weights and feed disappearance was recorded weekly. Cost was calculated to find the most cost-efficient feeding option. The cheapest option to get one kilogram of gain was 100% DDGS at 1.72/kg (SBM), 1.75/kg (66% CGF). The more costly option to get one kilogram of gain was 100% CGF at $1.89/kg. Corn gluten feed did not affect the final day body weight (P>0.05) nor did it affect average daily gain (ADG). The ADG for each treatment included 0.152 kg (SBM), 0.146 kg (100% DDGS), 0.128 kg (33% CGF), 0.132 kg (66% CGF), and 0.126 kg (100% CGF). In summary, CGF and DDGS can be used as an economic replacement in Boer-type goat diets
Evaluating medium chain fatty acids as a replacement for antibiotics or zinc oxide in nursery pig diets
No full textIncreased pressure from pork consumers to reduce the use of antibiotics and ZnO in diets of nursery pigs creates a need for research regarding antibiotic alternatives. The objective of this study was to compare the effects of different diets on growth performance of pigs over a 35d period. A total of 360 pigs (200x400 5.4 ±0.06 kg BW) were assigned to 6 treatment diets in 2 phases, then a common diet for the third phase. The treatments included: 1) negative control; 2) ZnO (3,000ppm in phase 1 and 1,500ppm in phase 2); 3) 50g/ton carbadox; 4) 1%C6:C8:C10 MCFA; 5) 1%R2 (Feed Energy, Des Moines, Iowa); or 6) 1%FORMI GML (ADDCON; Bitterfield-Wolfen, Germany). The experiment used a randomized design with pen being the experimental unit consisting of 6 pigs/pen and 10 replicates. Pigs were weighed and feed intake was recorded weekly to calculate ADG, G:F, and ADFI. Data was analyzed using PROC GLIMMIX (SAS version 9.4; Cary, NC). Responses showed that from d0 to 19 pigs fed ZnO, carbadox, and 1%FORMI had increased ADG (P<0.05) while other treatments were intermediate. Pigs fed ZnO had improved ADFI (P=0.004) compared to those fed R2, negative control, and C6:C8:C10 diets with other diets being intermediate. Overall, G:F was not different among treatments (P=0.078). For the overall study (d0 to 35) ZnO and carbadox resulted in improved ADG(P=0.012) with the others being intermediate. The results of the study concluded that ZnO and carbadox are effective options for growth and that 1%FORMI MCFA can potentially be used as an alternative for carbadox or ZnO with minimal effects on growth. Additional research should be performed to further evaluate this topic
Porcine Reproductive and Respiratory Syndrome Virus (PRRSV-1) recognition of peptide sequences in CD163 SRCR5
Get PDFPRRSV is an important swine pathogen that uses macrophages as important target cells for viral replication. CD163, a macrophage specific molecule involved in several homeostatic processes, was also identified as a receptor for PRRSV. Research shows that a complete deletion of CD163 SRCR5 can produce pigs that are entirely resistant to infection with PRRSV. Therefore, our goal is to find the smallest mutation in SRCR5 that will prevent PRRSV-1 infection, but also conserve CD163’s biological functions. The CD163 constructs used in this study were previously generated and tested for permissiveness to PRRSV-2 infection. Briefly, each construct carries an insertion of Proline-Arginine dipeptides (PR) at every 30 bp along the SRCR5 cDNA. All of the CD163 constructs were fused to a green fluorescent protein (GFP) which allowed visualization of the proper expression for each recombinant protein on non-permissive HEK293T cells. In order to test the permissiveness of each CD163 SRCR5 construct to PRRSV-1 infection, the cells expressing each mutant were infected with a PRRSV-1 strain, Lelystad. Infection results were visualized by IFA staining using an antibody recognizing PRRSV-N protein. The results showed a wide range of infection rates, from mutation that showed no or little effect to mutations that almost completely blocked infection. For example, insertion of PR in positions 15, 38, 62 and 78 had no effect on infection, whereas insertion of PR in positions 58 and 100 showed great reduction in PRRSV-1 infection. These results show the possible contact regions between the PRRSV viral proteins and the CD163 receptor
Effectiveness of medium chain fatty acid (MCFA) products and their ability to replace ZnO or carbadox in weanling pig diets
No full textThe objective of this experiment was to evaluate medium chain fatty acids (MCFA) effects on nursery pig performance in place of ZnO and carbadox. In this trial, 360 weanling pigs (DNA 200 x 400; 5.4 ± 0.07 kg BW) were fed for 35 days, with 6 pigs/pen and 10 replicate pens/treatment. Pigs were allotted in a completely randomized design to one of 6 treatment diets: 1) control; 2) 3,000 ppm ZnO during Phase 1 and 1,500 ppm ZnO in Phase 2; 3) 50g/ton carbadox; 4) 1% blend of C6:C8:C10; 5) 1% Feed Energy R2 (Feed Energy Corp, Des Moines, IA); 6) 1% FORMI GML (ADDCON, Bitterfeld-Wolfen, Germany). Treatment diets were fed in two phases from weaning to d 19 of the experiment, and a common Phase 3 diet was fed from d 19 to 35. From d 0 to 19, pigs being fed the ZnO or Carbadox diets showed increased (P0.05) ADG compared to those fed carbadox. Differences in ADFI throughout the treatment period (P=0.004) served as the driver behind these effects, while G:F differences were marginally significant (P=0.078). Increased d 19 BW (P<0.05) was observed for pigs fed ZnO and carbadox in relation to the negative control, while other treatments were intermediate. No significant impact was demonstrated on G:F (P=0.320). Overall, these results show that ZnO and carbadox are valuable additives to help maximize growth performance in early stages of the nursery. Some MCFA products, like FORMI GML, may result in similar performance, while others restrict performance. Thus, additional research is needed to study the effectiveness of MCFA to replace ZnO or feed-based antibiotics
The effect of nicotinamide riboside injection concentrations on avian myogenesis
No full textINTRODUCTION: The poultry industry strives to meet consumer demands. Murine studies indicated NR effects NAD+, mitochondria biogenesis, and ATP. Previous research found nicotinamide riboside (NR), a vitamin B3 precursor to NAD+, increased broiler embryo muscle mass when injected into the yolk at d10 of incubation. Cell proliferation is controlled by the MAPK/CDK pathway.
OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the effect of in ovo injected NR concentration on pectoralis major (PM) weight, muscle fiber number, mitochondria content, and cyclin D mRNA expression.
METHODS: Broiler eggs (N=120; Cobb 500) were weighed, incubated using standard conditions, and 100µl of 4 randomly assigned treatments (0.0, 2.5, 5.0, or 10.0 mM NR in 0.9% sterile saline) was injected into the yolk on incubation d10. Post-hatch, chicks were euthanized, left PM was weighed and removed for immunohistochemistry. Left quadricep muscles were removed for cytochrome c protein expression via Western Blotting and cyclin D mRNA expression by semi-quantitative real-time PCR.
RESULTS: There were treatment effects for PM weight, muscle fiber number, and cyclin D3 mRNA expression (P0.26). There were no treatment effects for cytochrome c protein, cyclin D1 or D2 gene expression (P≥0.53).
CONCLUSION: The NR stimulated increase in muscle weight and fiber number was not due to mitochondria biogenesis. Cyclin D3 mRNA expression indicates this pathway may be downregulated due to increased number of fibers formed earlier during incubation
Synergistic effect of UV light and sanitizers on the survival of Listeria monocytongenesi biofilms
Get PDFINTRODUCTION: The use of hurdle technology represents a promising method to control biofilm growth and prevent contamination within food processing plants. Listeria monocytogenes is a psychrotrophic foodborne pathogen known in the food industry for its ability to form biofilms.
PURPOSE: The objective of this research was to evaluate the effect of UV light alone or in combination with different sanitizers: peracid acid (PA), quaternary ammonium (QA) and lactic acid (LAC) on the survival of L. monocytogenes biofilms on stainless steel (SS) surfaces.
METHODS: A Center for Disease Control (CDC) biofilm reactor was used to grow three-day-old multi-strains L. monocytogenes biofilms on SS coupons. Treatments were applied individually (UV light or sanitizer) and in combination. SS coupons were exposed to UV light (254nm) for 15 or 30 min and to PA (190ppm), QA (389ppm) and LAC (4%) for 10 minutes. A control treatment was also evaluated. Experiments were conducted in triplicates and significant differences (P<0.05) were assessed.
RESULTS: There was no difference between 15- and 30-minutes exposure to UV light (P>0.05) and a reduction of 2.0 and 1.8 log CFU/cm2 was observed as compared to the control, respectively. LAC and QA combined with 30- minutes UV light presented 1 log CFU/cm2 greater reduction than sanitizers alone (P0.05).
CONCLUSION: This study shows a possible synergistic effect between LAC or QA with UV light. LAC and PA alone or in combination with UV were the most effective in reducing L. monocytogenes biofilms on (SS) surfaces